美國(guó)黑人戲劇-PPT課件

1、1,美國(guó)黑人戲劇African-American Drama,英語語言文學(xué),2,origin,representative playwrights,theme,development,African-American Drama,3,African American theatre began with victims of the slave trade from western Africa, who retained many of their performance traditions, such as ensemble improvisation（即興創(chuàng)作）, in the New

2、 World.,Origin,4,Black characters in early white plays were always played by whites in black make-up.,Early performances were carried out on plantations and in homes, and ultimately had a wide influence on American culture, first demonstrated in the creation of minstrel shows(黑人劇） in the 1820s and 1

3、830s.,5,William Wells Brown （1814-1884） 威廉威爾斯布朗,逃亡（1858） 黑人寫的第一部劇本問世，是一部揭露蓄奴制罪惡的戲。 比白人湯姆斯戈弗雷的安息王子（1759）晚了一個(gè)世紀(jì),6,1.In the 1920s 開端,2.In the 1930s and 1940s 有一定發(fā)展,3.In the 1950s 劃時(shí)代意義,4.In the 1960s 蓬勃發(fā)展,5.In the 1970s and 1980s 新發(fā)展,The development of African American Drama：,7,After the First World Wa

4、r, Northern cities New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago became crowded with Southern blacks in search of work and better lives. Some small theatre groups specializing in black-written plays briefly thrived, for the 1920s were the first major period of black playwriting.,1.In the 1920s美國(guó)黑人戲劇的開

5、端,8,In the booming 1920s, New Yorks Harlem became the Norths largest African American community, and attracted so many artists that its creative ferment has come to be known as the Harlem Renaissance. （哈萊姆文藝復(fù)興）,-a literary movement launched by the black writers who gathered at the black neighborhood

6、Harlem from 1920 to 1940; -The chief leader was Langston Hughes（蘭斯頓休斯）; -marked a turning point for African American literature.,9,-Garland Anderson 加蘭安德森 His full-length courtroom drama Appearances (1925) 貌相 -the first non-musical black-written plays to reach Broadway stages. 百老匯上演的第一個(gè)由黑人寫的戲劇。 描寫無辜

7、的黑人受誣告的故事。,-In 1923，there appeared the first African American theater.,10,Wallace Thurman 華萊瑟曼 -第一個(gè)專為百老匯劇院寫反映黑人生活劇本的作家。 Harlem哈萊姆1929年在百老匯上演 描寫從南方卡萊納移居哈萊姆的黑人威廉斯一家的悲慘遭遇，揭示了下層黑人社會(huì)的真實(shí)生活狀況。,11,2.In the 1930s and 1940s美國(guó)黑人戲劇有一定發(fā)展,In the Great Depression of the 1930s, most black theatre companies folded,

8、and many black theatre artists, like poor Americans of all backgrounds, became politically radicalized（激進(jìn)化）.,三十年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條使美國(guó)社會(huì)陷入一片混亂之中，民不聊生，生靈涂炭，它對(duì)黑人的打擊比對(duì)白人的打擊還要重得多。,羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)聯(lián)邦劇院計(jì)劃（The Federal Theatre Project ）專門成立了黑人部，1936年舉辦百名劇作家培訓(xùn)班，促進(jìn)了黑人戲劇的發(fā)展。,12,Hall Johnson: Run Little Chillun,1933 霍爾約翰遜 跑吧，孩子們 Fran

9、k Wilson: Meek Mose,1928 弗蘭克威爾遜 溫順的摩西 Langston Hughes: Mulatto,1935 蘭斯頓休斯 混血兒,這個(gè)時(shí)期真正成熟的劇作家廖若星辰，有文學(xué)價(jià)值的劇作屈指可數(shù)。,13,The Federal Theatre Project was dissolved in 1939 by Congressional red-baiters, and the Second World War further fragmented the black theatre world. It began to rebuild in the early 1950s,

10、 finding a new voice in the growing civil rights movement. （民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)代）,-during the 1940s, 50s and 60s when the large migration happened. -end segregation（隔離 )and racism(種族歧視) create a new sense of Black nationalism -leader: Martin Luther King,14,3.In the 1950s美國(guó)黑人戲劇具有劃時(shí)代意義,William Branch: A Medal for W

11、illie,1951 威廉布蘭奇 威利的獎(jiǎng)?wù)?Louis Peterson: Take a Giant Step,1953 路易斯彼得森 闊步前進(jìn) Lorraine Hansberry: A Raisin in the Sun,1959 洛蘭漢絲貝麗 陽光下的葡萄干,黑人戲劇首次榮膺重要戲劇獎(jiǎng)，表明它正式得到了美國(guó)戲劇界的承認(rèn)。,15,Lorraine Hansberry （洛蘭漢絲貝麗） （May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965）,Her main works： -A Raisin in the sun, 1959 日光下的葡萄干 -The Sign in Sidne

12、y Brusteins Window, 1964 西德尼布魯斯坦窗口上的標(biāo)記 -Les Blancs, 1970 白種人,16,A Raisin in the Sun 日光下的葡萄干 -The title comes from the poem “Harlem” （also known as “A Dream Deferred”）by Langston Hughes. -劇名取自美國(guó)黑人桂冠詩人蘭斯頓休士的一首詩，詩中寫道：“一個(gè)未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想會(huì)有什么下場(chǎng)？/它會(huì)不會(huì)干癟枯萎，/像太陽下的一顆葡萄干？”,17,日光下的葡萄干 該劇劇情主要寫一個(gè)貧困的黑人家庭在金錢的誘惑下幾個(gè)家庭成員各有所圖。

13、但為了維護(hù)民族自尊心，他們都摒棄了個(gè)人的夢(mèng)想，并不像太陽下的一顆葡萄干那樣干癟枯萎，而是信心十足地活下去。,該劇是一部現(xiàn)實(shí)主義杰作，比較全面探討了黑人戲劇所涉及的各類主要問題，是黑人戲劇發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)里程碑它標(biāo)志著黑人戲劇已經(jīng)走向成熟。,18,A Raisin in the Sun,It received the New York Drama Critics Award. （紐約劇評(píng)界獎(jiǎng)） Receiving this award made Lorraine Hansberry the youngest and first African-American to receive it.,The

14、mes： The value of dream The need to fight racial discrimination The importance of the family,19,In the 1960s, activism （激進(jìn)主義）became the dominant theme of black theatre. In the middle to late 1960s, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1965)民權(quán)法案, and concurrent with the escalation（擴(kuò)大） of the Vi

15、etnam War and the Black Power movement（黑人權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)), there was a huge explosion of black theatre nationwide.,4.In the 1960s美國(guó)黑人戲劇蓬勃發(fā)展,20,In the 1960s美國(guó)黑人戲劇蓬勃發(fā)展,Le Roi Jones（勒羅伊瓊斯）60年代美國(guó)最激進(jìn)的黑人劇作家 Ed Bullins（艾德布林斯）被稱為“憤怒青年”的黑人作家 Adrienne Kennedy（阿德里安娜肯尼迪）,黑人作家試圖用戲劇藝術(shù)喚起廣大黑人群眾，他們摒棄白人的戲劇模式，倡導(dǎo)獨(dú)立的、有戰(zhàn)斗氣息的戲劇，產(chǎn)生了美

16、國(guó)新型黑人戲劇抗議戲劇。,21,Le Roi Jones 勒羅伊瓊斯（1934） 后改名為Amiri Baraka (principle architect of Black Arts) -6070年代里美國(guó)最激進(jìn)的黑人劇作家,他明確地將戲劇作為政治斗爭(zhēng)的武器，用來推動(dòng)黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)。 His works: -The toilet，1963 盥洗室 -Dutchman, 1964 荷蘭人 -The Slave, 1964 奴隸,22,Ed Bullins （1935）艾德布林斯 -6070年代的另一位左翼黑人作家， 曾被評(píng)論家稱為“憤怒”的年輕人。 His works: -How Do You Do

17、? 1967 你好 -Electronic Nigger, 1967 電子黑鬼 -Death List, 1970 死亡名單,23,Adrienne Kennedy（1931）阿德里安娜肯尼迪 獲得奧比戲劇獎(jiǎng)的第一位黑人劇作家。,Her works： -Funnyhouse of a Negro,1962 黑人的開心館成名作 -The Owl Answers，1963 貓頭鷹的回答,她雖不像瓊斯那樣激進(jìn)，但在戲劇藝術(shù)上大膽創(chuàng)新，在黑人戲劇界里獨(dú)樹一幟。,24,5.In the 1970s and 1980s美國(guó)黑人戲劇的新發(fā)展,當(dāng)代黑人戲劇發(fā)展的顯著特征是擺脫了表現(xiàn)種族對(duì)抗，把黑人簡(jiǎn)單描繪成種

18、族壓迫犧牲品的傳統(tǒng)模式，題材進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，思想內(nèi)容比較深刻，不少作品關(guān)注黑人社區(qū)內(nèi)部的各種關(guān)系，正面表現(xiàn)黑人的生活現(xiàn)實(shí)和思想感情，這與當(dāng)代黑人小說有相似之處。,25,August Wilson （1945-2005） 奧古斯特威爾遜,-a Pulitzer Prize winning playwright whose most famous work was a series of plays called The Pittsburgh Cycle. -He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1985 for Fences(1985) 柵欄 which also received a Tony Award and in 1990 for The Piano Lesson鋼琴課,26,His another work： Ma Raineys Black Bottom,1984 萊妮大媽的黑臀舞 該劇是以號(hào)稱“布魯斯之母”的黑人歌星萊妮大媽的經(jīng)歷為素材寫成的，通過寫萊妮大媽為資本家灌制唱片受剝削的故事，揭示出黑人藝術(shù)家命運(yùn)多舛，遭受嗜血成性的資本家殘酷剝削的真實(shí)狀況，他們想反抗，但又無能為力，只有向同伴發(fā)泄自己心中的不可壓抑的怒火。 該劇獲1985年的紐約劇評(píng)界最佳戲劇獎(jiǎng)。,27,-Pursuit for freedom, democracy and equa