托福TPO16套聽力真題（文本）

1、托福tpo16套聽力真題（文本）小馬過河為大家準(zhǔn)備了“托福tpo16套聽力真題（文本）”， 供各位備考托福的考生們參考使用，來提高自己的托福成績！免費咨詢電話：400-0123-267。tpo-16listeningsection 1 conversation inarrator:listento a conversation between a studentand a facilitiesmanager at the university.student:hi. im melanie,the one whosbeen calling.manager:from the singinggrou

2、p, right?student:from the choir.manager:right,the choir. itsnice to finally meet you in person.so, you are having problemswith.student:noise.like i explained on the phone weve alwayshad our rehearsalsin the lincolnauditorium every day at 3 oclock and its always worked just great. but the past few we

3、eks with the noise,itsbeen a total nightmaresinceconstructions started nextdoor on thesciencehall.manager:oh, thatsright. theyrebuilding that addition for new laboratories.student:exactly. anyway, ever sincethey started working on it,itsbeen sonoisy wecan barely hear ourselvessing.manager:letalone s

4、ing.student:forgetabout singing.i mean,wekeep the windowsdownand everything, but once thosebulldozersget going, i meanthosemachinesare loud. weve already had to cutshort two rehearsalsand weve got a concert in 6weeks.manager:well, thatsnot good. im assuming youvetried to rescheduleyour rehearsals.th

5、ey dontdo construction work atnight.student:i ran that by the group, but there werejusttoo many. i meanevenings arereally hard. it seemslike everyone inthe choiralready has plans and someevenhave classes at night.manager:and what about the musicbuilding?student:you know, originally wewerebooked in o

6、ne ofthe rehearsalroomsin the music building,but then weswitched withthejazzensemble.theyre a muchsmaller group and they saidthe acoustics,the sound inthat room, wasbetter forthem.so having usmoved to a bigger spacelikethe lincoln auditorium seemedlike a reasonableidea.manager:butnow.student:allthat

7、 noise.i dontknow. ijust wonderifthe jazzensembleknew what wasgoing to happen.manager:well, that wouldntbe very nice.student:no. butit reallywasquite a coincidence.anyway, now the musicbuildings fullybooked, mornings,afternoons,everything, wejust needa quiet space.and it hasto have a piano.manager:a

8、 piano. ofcourse someof theother auditoriums have pianos, but thats not going to beeasy.student:you think theyre pretty booked up?manager:probably. butit cant hurt to check. what about bradford hall? i remembera piano in the oldstudent center there.student:at thispoint, wed be gratefulfor any quiet

9、place.manager:can you. how flexiblecan you beon times? you said no evenings,but what ifi cant findsomething open at 3 oclock?can you moveearlieror later?student:i wish icould say another timewould beokay, but you know how it is,everybodysalready got commitmentsfor thewholesemester2:30 or 3:30 would

10、probably beokay, but i dont think wecould go much outsidethatmanager:well, check with metomorrow morning. i shouldve found something by then. it might not be ideal.lecture1narrator:listen to apart oflecturein a geology classprofessor:now there aresomepretty interesting cavesin parts ofthe westernuni

11、tedstates,especialy innational parks. thereisone part that has over a hundred caves,including someofthe largestonesin the world.on ofthe moreinteresting onesiscalledlechuguilla cave. lechuguilla hasbeen exploreda lot in recentdecades.itsapretty exciting placei think. it wasmentionedonly briefly inyo

12、ur books. so cananyone remember whatit said? ellen?male student:itsthe deepest limestonecave in the u.s?professor:thatsright. itsone of thelongestand deepest limestonecaves not justin thecountry but inthe world.now, whatelse?male student:well,it wasformed becauseofsulfuricacid, right?professor:thats

13、it. yeah, whathappens isyou have deepunderground oil depositsand therebacteria. herelet medraw a diagram.part ofthe limestonerock layer ispermeatedby water from below.those curly linesare supposedto be cracks inthe rock. below thewater tableand rock isoil.bacteriafeed on thisoil and releasehydrogen

14、sulfide gas.thisgas ishydrogen sulfide,risesup and mixes with oxygen in theunderground water that sitsin the cracks andfissuresin thelimestone.and when hydrogen sulfidereactswiththe oxygen in thewater,the resultof that issulfuricacid, ok? sulfuric acid eatsaway at limestone veryaggressively.so you g

15、et bigger cracks and then passagewayis beingformedalongthe openingsin the rock and it isallunderground. ah yes, paul?male student:so that water itisnot flowing,right? itsstill?professor:yes,so thereare twokinds of limestone caves.in about 90percent ofthem, youhave waterfrom the surface,streams,water

16、fall or whatever- movingwater thatflowsthrough cracks found in limestone. its themoving wateritself that wearsawayat the rock and makespassageways.also,in surfacewater,there isa weak acid,carbonic acid, not sulfuricacid but carbonic acid that helpsdissolvethe rock. withalittlehelpfrom this carbonic

17、acid, movingwater formsmostof theworlds limestonecaves. wheni wasresearchingthis fora study a fewyears ago, i visiteda coupleofthesetypical limestonecaves,and theywereall very wet,you know, from streamsand rivers. thisflowing watercarved out the cavesand thestructures insidethem.male student;butnot

18、lechuguilla?professor:dry asa bone. well,that mightbe a bit ofan exaggeration. butitssafeto say that itssulfuricacid and not moving waterthat formedlechuguilla caveand thosefew otheroneslikeit. in fact,there isno evidencethat flowing waterhas even gone inor outofthe cave. so, it islikea maze.youhave

19、 passageways allaround. thereare widepassages,narrow onesat all differentdepths, likeunderground tunnelsin thelimestone.and, sincethey werecreatedunderground and not from flowingsurfacewater,not all thesepassageways have an opening to the outsideworld.and andthereis otherevidence that flowing waterw

20、asnot involved in lechuguilla.wehavesaidthat sulfuric aciddissolveslimestone,right, and formsthepassageways? whatelsedoessulfuricacid do? paul?male student:ah, leavesa chemicalresidue andfemalestudent:gypsum,right?professor:yep, you willfind lotsof gypsum deposited at lechuguilla.and, as weknow,gyps

21、umissolublein water.so if therewereflowing waterin thecave, it woulddissolvethegypsum. thisispart of whatled usto the realization that lechuguillaisin that smallgroup of waterlesscaves. and lechuguillaispretty much dormant now.it is notreally forming any more.but, thereisother oneslikeit, forexample

22、, in mexico,thatare forming. and whencave researchersgo to explorethem,they seeand smell,thesulfuricacid and gasesof er phew now,something else, think of rotteneggs.and, itis not justthe smell.explorerseven needto wearspecialmasksto protectthemselvesfrom the gasesin thesecaves.ok? paul?male student:

23、yeah, how about whatthesecaves look likeon the inside?professor:well,the formations thereis reallysomething. thereis suchvariety there likenothing anywhere elsein the world,someofthem areelaborate looking, likedecorations. and a lotof them are madeofgypsum and could be up to 20feet long.it ispretty

24、impressive.lecture2narrator:listen to part ofa lecturein a music history class.professor:up untilnow inour discussions and readings about the broken early classicalperiods,wehave been talking about the development ofmusicalstylesand genreswithintherelativelynarrow social contextof itspatronage by th

25、e upper classes. composers,afterall, had to earna living and those whowereemployedin the servicesof aspecificpatron, well,i do not have to spellitout for you, the likesand dislikesof thatpatron, this wouldhave had and effecton what wasbeing composedand performed.now,of course,there weremanyother inf

26、luenceson composers, um,such asthetechnicaladvanceswehave seenin the development ofsomeof theinstruments, uh,you remember thetransverse flute, theclarinet and soon.buti think if iwereasked toidentify a singlecrucialdevelopmentin european musicofthis time, itwould bethe inventionof the piano, which,i

27、nterestingly enough alsohad a significant effecton european society ofthat time. and illget to that inaminute.now,as weknow,keyboard instrumentsexisted long beforethepiano -theorgan, which datesback tothe middle ages,asdo other keyboard instruments,suchas theharpsichord which isstillpopular today wi

28、th somemusicians. butnone ofthesehas had asprofound an impactas thepiano.um,thepiano wasinventedin italy in1709. the word piano isshort forpianoforte, acombination ofthe italianwords forsoftand loud. now,unlikethe harpsichordwhichcamebeforeit, the piano isa percussioninstrument. you see,theharpsicho

29、rdisactually classifiedas a stringinstrument, sincepressing a key ofa harpsichordcausesa tiny quillthat isconnected to thekey to pluck the stringsthat are inside theinstrument, muchthat sameas a guitar pick plucksthe stringsof a guitar. butpressingthe keysof a piano causestiny felt-coveredhammerstos

30、trikethe stringsinsidethe instrument,likedrumsticksstriking the head ofa drum. thisstriking actioniswhy thepiano is percussion instrument instead ofa string instrument.okay,so why isthisso important? well,thepercussiveeffect ofthose littlehammersmeansthat the pianist,unlikethe harpsichordist, cancon

31、trol the dynamicsof thesound -how softlyor loudly each not isstruck, hence thename, pianoforte,softandloud. now artistically for both composersand performersthis wasa majorturningpoint. thisbrand new instrument,capable of producing loud and softtones,greatlyexpanded the possibilitiesfor conveying em

32、otion.thiscapacity forincreasedexpressiveness,infact, wasessentialto the romanticstylethat dominated 19thcentury music.butim getting ahead ofmyself.um,beforeweget back to themusicalimpactof thisdevelopment,i wanna takealook at the socialimpactthat i mentionedearlier.now, inthe late1700s and theearli

33、er1800s, thedevelopmentof the piano coincidedwiththe growth ofthe middleclassin western europe. ofcoursefolk music, traditional songsand dances hadalwaysbeen part of everyday life. butas massproduction techniqueswererefinedinthe 19th century,the priceof pianosdropped to thepoint that a larger propor

34、tion ofthe population could affordto own them.aspianos becamemoreavailable, theybrought classicalmusic,the musicwhich previously had beencomposedonly fortheupper classes,into the livesofthe middleclasspeople aswell.oneway in particular that wecan seethe socialimpactof thisinstrument isitsrolein thel

35、ivesof women ofthe time.previously, itwasquite rare fora womantoperform on anything, but maybea harp or maybe shesang. but suddenly inthe 19thcountry itbecamequiteacceptable, evento someextent,almost expected foramiddle-classeuropean womanto beable to play the piano,partly becauseamongupper-middlecl

36、asswomen itwasa sign ofrefinement.but itwasalso an excellentway forsomewomen to earn moneyby giving piano lessons.and somewomen,thosefew whohad exceptional talentand the opportunity todevelop it, theirlivesweredramaticallyaffected.later wellbe listeningto works by a composernamedrobert schumann. but

37、letsnow talkabout hiswifeclara schumann. clara schumann wasborn in germany in1819. she grew up surrounded by pianos. her fathersold pianosand both herparents wererespectedpiano teachers.she learnedto play the instrument whenshewasa smallchildand gave her firstpublic recitalat age9. clara grew up tob

38、ecomeawell-known and respected piano virtuoso, a performer ofextraordinary skillwho notonly gave concerts acrosseurope, but alsowas oneof the firstimportant femalecomposersforthe instrument.conversation2narrator:listen to aconversation between a professor and a student.professor:jeff,im glad you dro

39、p by. ive beenmeaning tocongratulate you on the classleadershipaward.student:thanks professor bronson, iwas reallyhappy to getit and a littlesurprised. imean,therewereso many otherpeople nominated.professor:well,i know theaward was welldeserved. now,what can ido for you today?student:i neededto talk

40、 to you about the medieval history test,you know,the one scheduledforfriday afternoon.professor:yes?student:well,there isthistrip that myfrench classis taking. wearegoing to montreal for theweekend.professor:montreal? thats myfavorite city.whatllyou be seeingthere?student:im not sureyet. well,the re

41、ason,the mainreason i wantedto go isthat well berooming with frenchspeaking studentsthere, you know,so wecan get achance touseour french toactually talkwith realfrenchspeakers.professor:it soundslikea good opportunity. but then,there isthat test.student:yeah but well, the thing is thebus leavesright

42、 in themiddleof whenour historyclassmeetsthis friday. so, well,i wasthinking maybe i could takethe teston adifferentday likemonday morning during your officehours?professor:eh monday morning um that wouldnot be oh wait, let mejustseeone thing.aha, okay. thatswhat i thought. so, for your class,i wasp

43、lanning a take-homeexamso you could justtake thetestalong with. letssee,i guessyou could cometo classfriday justto pick up thetest.that way youd stillmake your bus, and then findsomequiettimeduring your trip tocompleteitand you can bring it toclasswednesdaywhenill becollectingeveryone elses.student:

44、hmm um. during the trip, well,i guessi could. so i shouldplan to take my booksand stuffwithme.professor:youll definitelyneed your classnote. i am giving you several shortessay questionstomakeyou think criticallyabout thepoints weve discussedin class,to state uh stateand defendyour opinion, analyze t

45、heissue, speculateabout how thingsmight haveturned out differently.so, you see,i dontcare ifyou look updates and that kind ofthing. what iwant isfor you to synthesizeinformationto reflect back on what weveread and discussed and to form your own ideas,not justrepeat points from thetextbook. does that

46、 makesense?student:yeah, ithink so.youare looking for mypoint of view.professor:thatsright. the mid-term examshowed methat you know allthe detailsofwho,whereand when. for thistest,i wantto seehow you can put itall togetherto showsomeoriginalthinking.student:thatssounds pretty challenging, especially

47、trying to work itinto thistrip. but,yeah, ithink i can do it.professor:im sureyou can.student:thank you, professor bronson.professor:have a great timein montreal.lecture3narrator:listen to apart ofa lecturein a biology class.professor:ok. lets continue our discussion about animalbehavior by talking

48、about decisionsthat animalsface,complex ones.animals, even insects,carry out whatlook likeverycomplex decision making processes.the questionishow.i mean no onereally thinksthat, say a beegoes through weighing thepros and cons ofpollinating thisflower orthat flower. butthen how do animalssolve comple

49、x questions,questionsthat seemto requiredecisionmaking. the answer wellpropose of courseisthat their behaviorislargely a matter ofnatural selection.as an example,lets look at foraging behavioramong beavers.beaverseat plants,mostly trees.and they also usetreesand treebranches toconstruct theirhomesin

50、 streamsand lakes. so whenthey do forage forfood and forshelter materials,they have to leavetheir homesand go up on land wheretheir mainpredators are. so thereare a number ofchoicesthat have to be madeabout foraging.so for example,um they needto decidewhat kind of treethey should cut down.sometreesh

51、ave highernutritional value than others,and someare betterforbuilding material, and somearegood forboth um aspen trees.beaverspeeloffthe bark to eat and they alsousethe branches for buildingtheir shelters.so aspensdo double duty. butash trees,beavers useash treesonly forconstruction. anotherdecision

52、iswhen toforage forfood. should they go out during the daytimewhenitshotter outsideand they have to expend moreenergy,or at night whenthe weatheriscoolerbut predatorsare moreactive?ok, but there aretwo moreimportantissues, reallythe mostcentral,the mostimportant,ok? first, letssay a beaver could get

53、the sameamount ofwood from asinglelarge treewhenit haslots ofbranches as itcould get from threesmalltrees.whichshould it choose? ifit choosesone largetree, ithas to carry that large pieceofwood back home, and lugging a bigpieceof wood 40 or 50 yards ishard work, takesa lotof energy.of courseitll hav

54、e tomake only one tripto get thewood back tothewater.on the otherhand, ifitgoes forthree smalltreesinstead, itwilltakelessenergy per treeto getthe wood back homebut itllhave to makethreetrips backand forth forthe threetrees.and presumably,the moreoftenit wandersfrom home,the moreits likely to beexpo

55、sedto predators. so which isbetter,a singlelarge treeor threesmalltrees?another criticalissueand itsrelatedto the first,to the sizeissue, ishow farfrom thewatershould itgo to get trees.should it bewilling to travel a greaterdistancefor alarge tree,sinceitllget somuch wood from it? beaverscertainlygo farther from thewaterto getan aspentreethan foran ash tree.that reflects theirrelativevalues. butwhat about size? willittravel farther fora larger treethan it willfor a smallertree?now i wouldhave thought the biggerth