專業(yè)英語-英譯漢

1、.For many years, glass and carbon fiber have been the accepted traditional reinforcements topolymers. But now many people have recognized that glass fiber is difficult to be disposed( 處理） and carbon fiber is too expensive. Natural fibers are a realistic alternative reinforcement becauseof the advant

2、ages of their low cost, relatively high toughness, good thermal properties and excellent environmental performance, and their reinforced polymer composites have attracted a lot of attention in automobile industry as environmental friendly and recycleable materials. This work has successfully fabrica

3、ted ramie fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (RF/PP) with injection moulding method, which is more economic than press moulding method. RF/PP is fabricated by blending treated RF with PP using a twin-screw extruder and then making them as blended pellets. The blended pellets were subsequently

4、 injection molded to obtain the ramie fiber reinforced ploymer composites.很多年以來，玻璃纖維和碳纖維對高分子來說已經(jīng)成為公認(rèn)的傳統(tǒng)增強(qiáng)劑。但是現(xiàn)在很多人意識到玻璃纖維很難被處理，并且，碳纖維很昂貴。傳統(tǒng)纖維是理想的增強(qiáng)劑，因?yàn)樗鼈儍r(jià)格低廉，韌性十分強(qiáng)，很好的熱性能和優(yōu)異的環(huán)境表現(xiàn)性能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且，它們的加強(qiáng)聚合物復(fù)合材料在汽車工業(yè)作為環(huán)境友好和可回收材料吸引了很大的注意力。這個(gè)工作已經(jīng)成功地制造出用注射成型方法苧麻纖維加強(qiáng)的聚丙烯復(fù)合材料（RF/PP），注射成型方法比模壓成型方法更經(jīng)濟(jì)。RF/PP 是將處理過的 RF

5、和 PP 用雙螺旋擠出機(jī)混合，然后將他們制成混合粒料制造的?；旌狭Ａ想S后被注射成型就獲得了苧麻纖維加強(qiáng)聚合物復(fù)合材料。The effects of fiber length, fiber content and fiber treatment method on the mechanicalproperties of the fabricated RF/PP composites being applied as automobile interior wereinvestigated using an Instron computer-controlled testing machine a

6、t room temperature.The morphologies of the RF/PP composites were investigated by a scanning electronmicroscope (JSM-5610). It is found that the increases of fiber length and fiber addition canimprove the tensile strength, flexural strength and compression strength apparently withslight decrease of t

7、he impact strength. The treatment of ramie fiber can not only clean the.fiber surface, but also modify its microstructure. This is good to get better mechanicalproperties of RF/PP composites.纖維長度，纖維含量和纖維處理方式對應(yīng)用于汽車內(nèi)部的制造的RF/PP 復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能的影響用 Instron 電腦控制測試機(jī)器在室溫下研究。 RF/PP 復(fù)合材料的形態(tài)用掃描式電子顯微鏡 (JSM-5610) 研究。

8、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)纖維長度增加和增加纖維可以提高拉伸強(qiáng)度，扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度和抗壓強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)伴有沖擊強(qiáng)度的少許下降。苧麻纖維的處理不但可以清理纖維表面，而且可以改善它的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)。這對于得到更好力學(xué)性能的 RF/PP 復(fù)合材料是非常好的。Polymer/inorganic particle nanocomposites have attracted considerable attentionowing to their excellent processability, mechanical, optical, electric, magnetic, bioactiveand gas sensitive prop

9、erties. Among the numerous nanocomposites, silica nanoparticlesare the most commonly reported, and have been employed in a variety of applications dueto their optical transparency, electrical insulation, biocompatibility, chemical and thermalresistance, mechanical stability and variable sizes, tunab

10、le surface properties and low costs1, 2. The greatest challenge to their large-scale production and commercialization is howto control the homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica in polymer matrix 3.Here, thecolloidal silica nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel process, then a series ofcomposite

11、particles with colloidal silica as the core and the polymer as the shell weresynthesized by in-situ polymerization of vinyl monomer, whose formed polymer is miscibleor compatible with the following compounding polymer matrix, such as isotaticpolypropylene and acrylic resin. Compared to the colloidal

12、 silica particles, the compositeparticles.exhibit better dispersion in polymer matrix, the received polymer/silica composites exhibitexcellent thermal and mechanical properties.聚合物 / 無機(jī)粒子納米復(fù)合材料由于它優(yōu)異的的反復(fù)加工性、力學(xué)性能、光學(xué)性能、電性能、磁性能、生物活性、氣體敏感性，已經(jīng)吸引了相當(dāng)多的目光。在大量的納米復(fù)合材料里，二氧化硅復(fù)合材料是最常報(bào)道的，并且由于它們優(yōu)異的光學(xué)透明性，電絕緣性，生物相容性，

13、耐化學(xué)與耐熱性，力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和不同的尺寸， 表面可調(diào)性， 低成本而被各種應(yīng)用。 對于它們大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)和商業(yè)貿(mào)易最大的挑戰(zhàn)是在聚合物基體中怎樣控制納米二氧化硅的均相分布。這里，膠態(tài)二氧化硅納米粒子通過溶膠過程被合成，然后以膠態(tài)的二氧化硅的一系列復(fù)合材料粒子為中心，聚合物為殼被乙烯基的單體用原位聚合法人工合成， 之前的聚合物和接下來的組分聚合物基體混合是易混合的或者相容的，例如全同立構(gòu)聚丙烯和丙烯酸樹脂。 和膠體二氧化硅粒子相比， 復(fù)合材料粒子在聚合物基體中展現(xiàn)出更好的分散，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的聚合物 / 二氧化硅復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的熱性能和力學(xué)性能。Hybrid composites are complex sy

14、stems in which there are more reinforcing materialsin one matrix (hybrid fiber) or there is one type of reinforcement in a mixed matrix (hybridmatrix). The application of these materials is more and more common in the industry sinceseveral properties of their (e.g. toughness) are more competitive th

15、an that of conventionalmono-composites. The most common composite reinforcing material today is glass fiber,whichhas a goodmechanicalpropertiesandproperlyfeasibleinterfacecouplingwithrelatively low price. More demanding applications require carbon fibers, though these haveessentiality higher price a

16、nd it is more difficult to assure the satisfactory interfacial adhesion.Due to the market competition and growing economic and environmental demands, many.new fibers come into consideration as potential composite reinforcements. Basalt（玄武巖）fibers are such new reinforcing materials 1. Basalt is a com

17、mon volcanic（火山） rock thatcan be found virtually(實(shí)際上） in every country around the globe. Basalt fibers are goodelectricinsulators,notsensitivetomoisture,biologicallyinactiveandenvironmentallyfriendly.Basalt fibers canbe dividedintotwogroups:short basaltfibersmadebymeltspinning (e.g. Junkers method)

18、and continuous basalt fibers made by spinneret（噴絲頭）method 2, 3. Basalt fibers are produced in one step, directly from crushed basalt stone.Some meltspinningtechnologies(e.g. theduplexandJunkers method)aresuitableforproducingcheap, shortbasaltfibers,butsuch fibershaverelativelypoorandunevenmechanical

19、properties. Theaimofthepresentstudyis todevelopanewbasaltfiberreinforced hybrid polymer composites and compare their properties to the common fiberreinforcedcomposites.Furtheraimistofindthepositivehybrideffects betweenthecomposites.混雜復(fù)合材料是一個(gè)復(fù)雜體系，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中有更多的加強(qiáng)材料在一種基體中（混雜纖維），或者有一種類型的增強(qiáng)劑在一種混合基體中（混雜基體）。這

20、些材料在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用越來越普遍因?yàn)樗鼈兊膸追N性能（例如：韌性）比傳統(tǒng)的高聚復(fù)合材料更具競爭性。如今最常見的復(fù)合加強(qiáng)材料是玻璃纖維，玻纖有良好的力學(xué)性能，良好的界面相容以及相對低廉的價(jià)格。有更大需求需要碳纖維，雖然它們有更高的價(jià)格并且很難保證滿意的相互粘合作用。因?yàn)槭袌龈偁幒徒?jīng)濟(jì)的增長和環(huán)境需要，很多新纖維被考慮成為潛在的的復(fù)合材料增強(qiáng)劑。玄武巖纖維成為這樣的新增強(qiáng)材料。玄武巖是一種常見的火山巖石， 這種巖石實(shí)際上可以在地球上每一個(gè)國家找到。玄武巖纖維是一種很好的電絕緣體，對水分也不敏感，無生物活性，并且環(huán)境友好。玄武巖纖維可被劃分為兩種：短玄武巖纖維用熔融紡絲而得（例如 Junkers方法），

21、而連續(xù)的玄武巖纖維用噴絲頭方法得到。玄武巖纖維用一步生產(chǎn)，直接從粉碎的玄武巖巖石中得到。 一些熔融紡絲工藝（例如兩部和 Junkers方法）非常適合生產(chǎn)便宜的，.短的玄武巖纖維， 而這種纖維力學(xué)性能不好， 參差不齊?，F(xiàn)在研究的目的是發(fā)展一種新型玄武巖纖維加強(qiáng)的混雜聚合物復(fù)合材料， 并且把它們的性能同普通的纖維加強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料相比較。更遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)是找到在復(fù)合材料中混雜的正影響。The Effect of Reprocessing on the Morphology and the Properties of Polypropylene/WoodFlour Composites Compatibiliz

22、ed with Ethylene-Butyl Acrylate-Glycidyl Methacrylate(EBAGMA) Terpolymer(三元共聚物） Composites made from blend of thermoplastics andwood fillers have attracted a number of researchers and manufacturers due to the manyadvantages that they present 1. Indeed, the addition of wood flour as renewable natural

23、filler in polymer composites aims to produce an unique combination of high performance,great versatility（多功能性） , light weight, recyclability, biodegradability and processingadvantages at favourable cost 2. Among polymer composites, special attention has beengiven to polypropylene (PP) composites, du

24、e to their added advantage of recyclability2. Most of the polymer composites are generally subjected to a degradation of the mechanical and physical properties under the increase of temperature. It is important to understand the effects of the processing temperature, because there is constant therma

25、l stress during the manufacturing of filler reinforced composites 2. This article reports theeffects of repetitive extrusion cycles on the morphology and the rheological andmechanical properties of PP/wood flour (20 wt-%) composites in presence ofEBAGMAterpolymer used as compatibilizer. The morphological analysis by SEM indicated that theinterfacial adhesion between PP and wood flourwas improved after six extrusion cycles,being much improved with the