英語 高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保試題有答案和解析

1、（英語） 高中英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)試題(有答案和解析) 一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類 犇犇閱讀理解1 While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be aught by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a hum

2、an-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the students desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come. The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teach

3、er is assigned to teach Vectors a free program for Auckland elementary schools.Be sustainable with energy Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids ma

4、y have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed. Nikhil Ravishank

5、ar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost- effective, rich, educational experience in the future.” The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great succe

6、ss thus far. Ravishankar says, What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention. However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any ti

7、me soon. What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland? 1（） A. A digital teacher taught them. B. They first saw something digital. D. They could get close to smartphone screen.C. This was the start of a new school year. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction? 2）（ B. It ca

8、n use microphone.A. It can smile back. D. It can change if necessary.C. It can talk any topic for free. Whats Ravishankars attitude to Wills replacing Human educators soon? ）（3 A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving. What might be the best title for the passage? ）（4 A. New High-tech

9、 Contributes to Education B. The Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom. C. The Worlds First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students D. New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms A）（1 【答案】 D2）（ D3（） B ）4（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款智能機器人走進(jìn)小學(xué)課堂，為孩子們講 授能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“They became the

10、worlds first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，他們成為世界上第一批由智能機器人老師“教”的孩子。由此可知，特 。A殊之處在于機器人老師教他們。故選 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.”即“ 這種

11、雙向互動不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許程序的開發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時做出更改”，由此可得出，其優(yōu)勢在于需要時，可以 。D做出變化。故選 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，Ravishankar認(rèn)為它不會在短期內(nèi) 。代替人類教育工作者。故選D （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“While the start of a new school year is al

12、ways exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，從新學(xué)年開始，新西蘭奧克蘭的小學(xué)生將成為世界上第一批被機器人老師教的孩子。之后文章就此展開，由此可 。最符合本文的標(biāo)題。故選B推斷出he Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom 【點評】

13、本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 犇犇閱讀理解2 Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic. The worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. The

14、 World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic. Now, that may be changing. A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum

15、 in Davos, Switzerland. This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace throwaway containers with reusable ones. Loop is the idea of Terra Cycle, an American-based recycling company. Its chief, Tom Szaky told the Associated Press (AP) that emoving plastics from the ocean is not enough. He said the

16、 point is to get away from single-use packages. Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past. He compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bot

17、tles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-waste. Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace also joined in the Loop the of aim the welcomes Greenpeace that said She Davos. at Loop about discussion Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and d

18、isposability. But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models. Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern U.S. states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the U.S. West Coast, Toronto, Canada

19、 and Britain by the end of this year or 2020. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? ）（1 B. Advocate zero-waste lifestyle.A. Provide background information. C. Explain the reason for trash. D. Introduce a new topic. Where does the idea Loop come from? ）（2 B. Demand of some companies.A. Th

20、e World Economic Forum. D. The milkman model.C. Zero-waste model. Which countries is Loop expected to expand to by 2020? ）（3 A. United States and Switzerland. B. Switzerland and Britain. D. France and Canada.C. Canada and Britain. What is the text mainly about? 4）（ B. The development of future city.

21、A. A new shopping model. C. The worlds environmental issue. D. The concerns of future shopping. A1）【答案】 （ C2）（ D3）（ A ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的零浪費購物模 式。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“The worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billio

22、n tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年產(chǎn)生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，結(jié)合下文可知，作者寫本段目的是為下文提出新的購 。物模式提供背景信息。故選A （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Szaky said that Loop

23、is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past.”和第五段“He compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-

24、waste.”可知， 。C，是一種可以杜絕零浪費的模式。故選Loop購物模式的想法來自于過去送奶工模式 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern U.S. states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the U.S. West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year o

25、r 2020.”可知，Loop計 。D2020年前將業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)大到加拿大和法國。故選劃在 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was 及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.”recently launched at 。A零浪費購物模式。故選主要介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確 答案

26、。 閱讀理解3 Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects. For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping

27、 a smartphone has become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficientbut it also causes ).轉(zhuǎn)型new problems that could hold back the transition( Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the

28、 number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017. C

29、ash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-u

30、se payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economyATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old- fashioned customers with heavy fees. I

31、n the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow. Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems

32、may risk technical failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over peoples shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data. Some rich countries are

33、 trying to . 1）（ A. dematerialize money B. get rid of the side-effects of cash C. make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species D. promote payment without paper money or coins In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show . ）2（ A. the differences between developed and de

34、veloping countries B. that cash is still king across the world C. digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped D. China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment Cash is disappearing largely because . 3）（ A. younger consumers are short of money to live th

35、eir digital lives B. suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data C. the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets D. financial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers The authors attitude towards digitalized payment is . 4）（ A. favorable B. negative C

36、. objective D. indifferent D1）【答案】 （ C2）（ B3）（ C 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原 但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔(dān)憂。無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來是個好消息,因消失?？偟膩碚f, （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕國家正競相將支付非物質(zhì)化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fall

37、en by 80% in the past ten years.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80。結(jié)合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支 。D推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選付, （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80；再根據(jù)“In China digital payments rose

38、from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4上升到2017年的34。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為 。了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets). Most financial firms are keen to aban

39、don it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達(dá)市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應(yīng)商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術(shù),他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)背后的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應(yīng)商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù) 。導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B據(jù)和小費,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式, （4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，,作者提到無現(xiàn)金

40、支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子 。C對待電子支付是客觀的,故選支付引起的擔(dān)憂, 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解4 When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack successful a member, army an 20s. his in war reporter A single existence: a into lives mult

41、iple businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts. Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot- a virtual person who

42、will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of

43、advice long after his physical body is gone. Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the worlds first digital humans. For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling

44、 some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which ) online forever.遺產(chǎn)gives people the opportunity to preserve ones legacy( Kaplan is eager to become one of the worlds first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations. If

45、 technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. AndyBot may become one of the worlds first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of

46、 immortality and the purpose of existence itself. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? 1）（ A.To highlight Kaplans achievements. B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot. C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan. D.To introduce Kaplans life. Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot? 2）（ A.He want

47、ed to share his life experience as long as possible. B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him. C.He believed this action will help with his novels. D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life. What might the AndyBot do for future generations? ）（3 A.He may use voice computing platforms. B

48、.He may use a new body to go on living. C.He may offer some guidance. D.He may ask them questions. What can we infer from the last paragraph? ）（4 A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science. B.People can talk with their late family members freely. C.Scientists have made great progre

49、ss in computer science. D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go. B1（） 【答案】 A）2（ C3）（ D 4）（ 數(shù)字人?！痉治觥勘疚氖且黄f明文，介紹了科技新動態(tài)-【解析】 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)安德魯卡普蘭回憶往昔的時候，他的故事讓人感覺他活出了各種各樣的人生：20多歲的時候是戰(zhàn)地記者，還是一名軍人，一位成功的商人，隨后又是很多間諜小說和好萊塢劇本的作者。主要介紹安德魯卡普蘭豐富多彩的人生；在根據(jù)第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has

50、 realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”- a virtual person who will be”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當(dāng)他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù) 。B字人 ，可知，第一段的內(nèi)容主要是引出下文中文章的話題數(shù)字人。故選 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“No

51、w the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot.a virtual person who will be”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當(dāng)他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，卡普蘭同意變成數(shù)字人是為了能更長時間

52、的分享自己的這 。A些故事。故選 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.

53、”如果一切按計劃進(jìn)行，后代可以通過移動端的語音平臺和他交流，即使他的肉體不存在后，還可以問他問題，讓他講故事以及咨詢他一生經(jīng)驗的寶貴建議?？?。后，他的后代仍能得到他一生經(jīng)驗的寶貴建議。故選C“數(shù)字人”知卡普蘭成為 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience l

54、oss.”可知，專家們說，如果科技成功地創(chuàng)造出高情商的數(shù)字人類，它可能會永遠(yuǎn)改變?nèi)祟惻c電腦交互的方式，以及處理失去親人創(chuàng)傷的方式，即目前的數(shù)字人類還無法擁有高情商，還是不夠完美的，因此數(shù)字人技術(shù)還有很長的路要走。故 。D選 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解5 An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a ) satellite, imitatin

55、g a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.仿真的dummy ( The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical

56、 issue: junk in space. Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage. Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area. experim