[語(yǔ)言類(lèi)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬74

1、書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語(yǔ)言類(lèi)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬74專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬74Reading Comprehension If half of the water were to be drained from the Pacific Ocean, a curious kind of submarine mountain called a guyot(海底平頂山) would be exposed. Guyots are strange formations that resemble mushroom stalks with flat

2、 tops. More than six hundred and fifty of these volcanic stalks have been discovered in the Pacific Ocean, and a few others have been discovered in the Atlantic sea plains. It is easy to suppose that the guyots were formed by underwater lava spouts that piled up volcanic debris(殘骸) over the years, b

3、ut just how they acquired their curiously flat tops remains a mystery. Shallow-water fossils found embedded(植入) in the tops of some guyots suggest that at one time the flat tops were much nearer the oceans surface, but beyond this there is little that scientists can say. One attempt to account for t

4、he flat tops suggests that the ocean levels were once much lower than they are today; thus wave action might have smoothed away the original peaks. Another theory holds that the guyots have probably always flat tops and that their weight has pushed them slightly toward the ocean floor, causing them

5、to slowly submerge. But these are only theoriesthe guyots are still a geophysical puzzle. 1. The strange formations called guyots are actually _.A.underwater volcanoesB.volcanic debrisC.mushroom stalks with flat topsD.submerged sea plains答案:B解析 文章第二段It is easy to suppose that the guyots were formed

6、by underwater lava spouts that piled up volcanic debris(殘骸) over the years. 可知B正確。2. Scientist are puzzled by the guyots _.A.mushroom like appearanceB.submarine locationC.curiously flat topsD.origin答案:C解析 文章第二段but just how they acquired their curiously flat tops remains a mystery. 文中的mystery即題目中的puz

7、zle。3. The discovery of shallow-water fossils indicates that the guyots were _.A.submerged by their own weightB.flattened by the action of wavesC.not so deep in the oceanD.formed by underwater lava spouts答案:C解析 文章第二段Shallow-water fossils found embedded(植入) in the tops of some guyots suggest that at

8、one time the fiat tops were much nearer the oceans surface. 即選C。4. The guyots are still a geophysical puzzle nowadays because _.A.no explanation of their origin has yet been offeredB.scientists have not yet offered any explanation of their shapesC.theories relating to their origins and shapes have n

9、ever been provedD.scientists are not sure the ocean levels have changed答案:C解析 文章第三段But these are only theoriesthe guyots are still a geophysical puzzle. 可知兩個(gè)假設(shè)只是理論沒(méi)有被證實(shí)。5. We can conclude from this passage that _.A.there are guyots in every ocean of the worldB.guyots are produced by violent volcanic

10、 actionC.the mystery of the guyots will soon be solvedD.the guyots flat tops will remain a mystery for some time答案:D解析 文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)but just how they acquired their curiously flat tops remains a mystery, but beyond this there is little that scientists can say. But these are only theoriesthe guyots are sti

11、ll a geophysical puzzle. 故選D。 Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps (垃圾堆) would be made into something useful. Ev

12、en the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if

13、a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete,

14、 the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids, after that grounders and rollers will bre

15、ak up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets(磁鐵), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full-scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growi

16、ng cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 6. From the first paragraph, we can see _.A.there will be no waste in the worldB.the waste cannot be reusedC.the waste can be reusedD.there will be a lot of useless

17、waste in the world答案:C解析 文章第一段The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps(垃圾堆) would be made into something useful可知選C。7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in Para.3?A.Sharpening metal bars.B.Breaking up whatever is breakable.

18、C.Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D.Sorting out small pieces of metal.答案:A解析 由文章第三段first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed可知pass through sharp metal bars與sharpening metal bars不是一回事。8. Whats the main reason fo

19、r big cities to build their own recycling plants?A.To get big profits from those plants.B.To protect the environment from pollution.C.To get raw materials locally.D.To deal with wastes in a better way.答案:C解析 文章第四段Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big c

20、ities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 可知運(yùn)送垃圾成本過(guò)高是一些大城市在周邊建造垃圾回收站的原因，也即建了垃圾回收站就可以就近運(yùn)送垃圾，降低成本。故C正確。9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _.A.will probably be in operation in fifteen yearsB.will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC.will be built fiftee

21、n years laterD.began to operate fifteen years ago答案:C解析 文章第四段中The first full-scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. 在這里away和選項(xiàng)中的later是同義替換。10. The passage is mainly about _.A.a cheap way to get energyB.new ways of recycling wastesC.the location of recycling plantsD.the protec

22、tion of city environment答案:B解析 文章開(kāi)頭即是中心。 Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on. For most of the time this conversation goes on be

23、low the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

24、Different people converse with text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher l

25、evels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a process conversation as opposed to a conte

26、nt conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies (策略) we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a content conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a process conversation. It is precisely this kind of c

27、onversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. 11. Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when _.A.the readers expectations agree with what is s

28、aid in the textB.the reader has trouble understanding what the author saysC.the reader asks questions and gets answersD.the reader understands a text very well答案:B解析 文章第二段For most of the time this conversation goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This i

29、s usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. 此題的關(guān)鍵是讀出at times相當(dāng)于題目中的when。12. At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to _.A.read a text slowlyB.read without thinking hardC.interpret a text in their own wayD.concentrate on the m

30、eaning of words only答案:D解析 文章第三段Some stay very close to the words on the page. 故選D。13. A process conversation has to do with _.A.the application of reading strategiesB.matching our expectations with the meaning of a textC.the development of our ability to check the detailsD.determining the main idea

31、 of a text答案:A解析 文中第四段We call this a process conversation as opposed to a content conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies(策略) we employ in reading. 這里的關(guān)鍵是讀出it指代的是process。14. According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a

32、 balance between _.A.conscious and unconscious levels of comprehensionB.the readers expectations and the meaning of a textC.lower and higher levels of comprehensionD.interpreting and criticizing a text答案:C解析 文章第三段The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is impo

33、rtant, especially for advanced readers. 這里的advanced reader即是題目中的readers at a higher level。15. If we want to develop our reading ability at an advanced level, we should _.A.learn to use different approaches in reading different textsB.make our reading process more consciousC.pay more attention to the

34、 content of a textD.take a critical attitude towards the authors ideas答案:A解析 文章最后一段最后一句It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. 故A對(duì)。 Psychology and sociology

35、are both categorized as social sciences, and both study human behavior. However, psychology is the study of individual behavior, whereas sociology is the study of group behavior. Psychology deals with the possible problems an individual might have in social interaction with other individuals, but th

36、e main concern of sociology is the ways that different societies with different cultures deal with each other. Sociology asks and tries to answer questions like these: why does one society progress rapidly and another one remain primitive for centuries? What is the main reason for revolution in a so

37、ciety? What is the role of religion or art in a society? Psychology asks and tries to answer questions like these: why does an individual adapt easily to a changing environment and another individual become mentally disturbed? What are the causes of antisocial behavior? What role does religion or ar

38、t play in an individuals mental and emotional life? Psychology and sociology often work together in their study of human behavior. It is assumed that by better understanding individual motivation and behavior, more will be learned about group motivation and behavior. The reverse is also assumed: if

39、scientists can learn more about social groups, they will learn more about individuals. 16. What would be an appropriate title for this passage?A.Psychology and SociologyB.Individual and GroupC.Human Behavior StudyD.Main Concerns of Social Sciences答案:A解析 文章第一段講了心理學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)的定義及區(qū)別，第二段重點(diǎn)講社會(huì)學(xué)，第三段重點(diǎn)講心理學(xué)，最后一段講

40、兩者之間的合作互利。故A對(duì)。17. Which of the following questions is the concern of psychology?A.What is the role of religion or art in a society?B.What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C.What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D.Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?答案:C解析 文章第三段

41、Psychology asks and tries to answer questions like these: .What are the causes of antisocial behavior?講的都是心理學(xué)所涉獵的內(nèi)容，所以選C。A、B、D項(xiàng)所述都是社會(huì)學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容。18. According to the author, _.A.psychology and sociology benefit from each others researchB.too much emphasis on psychology may cause social problemsC.the stud

42、y of group behavior is the interest of psychologistsD.different societies with different cultures cannot get along well答案:A解析 由文章的第四段Psychology and sociology often work together in their study of human behavior.及其后面的內(nèi)容可知，研究個(gè)體對(duì)團(tuán)體的行為研究有利，而研究團(tuán)體也對(duì)個(gè)體的行為研究有利。因此選A。19. A word which can take the place of rev

43、erse in the last sentence is _.A.consequenceB.resultC.oppositeD.implication答案:C解析 由文章最后一段最后兩句It is assumed that by better understanding individual motivation and behavior, more will be learned about group motivation and behavior. The reverse is also assumed: if scientists can learn more about social

44、 groups, they will learn more about individuals. 可知，這兩句講的是相互對(duì)立的兩 個(gè)方面，故reverse前后假設(shè)的條件和結(jié)果正好 相反。故C對(duì)。20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B.Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C.Sociology is the study of group behavior.D

45、.Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.答案:B解析 文章第一段psychology is the study of individual behavior, whereas sociology is the study of group behavior和Psychology deals with the possible problems an individual might have in social interaction with other individuals可知A、C、D正確，mental

46、 problem是psychology所研究的對(duì)象，故選B。 There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (內(nèi)燃機(jī)) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons(活塞) being drive. For people sho

47、uld have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (讀寫(xiě)能力); it is a trade skill that

48、 should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought

49、 to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career, while programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use computer is not that difficult, and i

50、t gets easier all the time as programs become more user-friendly. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase learning to use a computer mean? It sounds like learning to drive a car, that is, it sounds as if

51、 there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, learning to use a computer is much more like learning to play a game, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as

52、 teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. 21. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _.A.try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB.be aware of how the things that they use do wha

53、t they doC.learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car答案:C解析 根據(jù)第二段Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citize

54、ns of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. 可知C正確。22. In the second paragraph violin-making is mentioned to show that _.A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB.our society needs experts in different fieldsC.violin-making requires as many skills as compu

55、ter programmingD.people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer program答案:D解析 the same is true of auto repair and violinmaking. 在這里用auto repair和violin-making分別指代使用電腦和懂得編程的人。23. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _.A.programs are becoming less comp

56、licatedB.programs are designed to be convenient to usersC.programming is becoming easier and easierD.programs are becoming readily available to computer users答案:B解析 Learning how to use computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more user-friendly. 此題的關(guān)鍵是理解“use

57、r-friendly”的意思，“對(duì)用戶友好的，容易使用的”。故選B。24. According to the author, the phrase learning to use a computer (Para. 3) means learning _.A.a set of rulesB.the fundamental of computer scienceC.specific programsD.general principles of programming答案:C解析 由文章最后一句One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. 可知選C。25. The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.A.to stress the impact of the computer on societyB.to explain the concept of computer literacyC.to illustrate the requirement for being competent citizens of tomorr