大學英語4課后練習答案(units 1-3)

1、Key to Exercises (Units 1-3)Unit 1Part II Text AText OrganizationPartsParagraphs Main IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-2

2、0Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart FourPara 21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection TwoParas 14-18the battles

3、fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection ThreeParas 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warLanguage sense enhancement(1)the fierce resistance (2) the long march (3) devastating enemy (4) bleak (5) launched (6) military might (7) mowed down (8) campaign (9) painful less

4、on (10) the aidVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege9) raw10) bide his time11) have taken their toll12) In the case of2.1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by6) dine out7) have cut bac

5、k8) get through3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of

6、 her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and re

7、treat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Ar

8、my fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. Mor

9、e Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in theno-mans-land between the trenches.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her ef

10、forts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill t

11、hat we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall aslee

12、p.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive Exercises:I Close1 Text-related(1)invasion (2) stand in the way (3) Conquest (4) catching off his hand (5) launching(6) declaration(7) camp

13、aign (8) drag on (9) reckon with (10) bringing to a halt 2 Theme-related (1) allow(2) reckoned (3) highly(4) forecasts (5) rapidly(6) instant(7) delivery(8) advantage (9) observing(10) powerfulII Translation11. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the

14、farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5. Since the

15、chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stif

16、f resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We start

17、ed under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the

18、rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.II. TranslationPart III Text BComprehension Check1. d 2. d 3. b 4. a 5.b 6.d TranslationLanguage Practice1.Match the definitions in Column B with the words or phrases in Column A.1.d 2. h 3. b 4. a 5. f 6. e 7.c

19、8. g2. Fill in the gaps with words or phrase4s chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call .off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. contesting8.prior to9. hold out10.objective11. responsible for12.in casePart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWritin

20、g StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.Eisenhowers chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:. He sat there . tense, weighing every con

21、sideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, well, well go.Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the inve

22、ntion of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of mans success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New form

23、s ofdisease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way

24、 to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it. (154 words)Unit 2Part II Text AlText OrganizationPartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-3New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.Part TwoParas 4-9Wi

25、th the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.Part ThreeParas 10-13GPS and telematics will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than o

26、ne way.1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act2) They can eliminate most car accidents;3) They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen;4) They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby;5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6) They can loca

27、te your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Language Sense Enhancement(1)cure (2) impact (3) satellites (4) warn of (5) location (6) At any given time (7) vibrate (8) detected (9) calculate (10)converted VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite

28、 7) vibrate 8) magnetic 9)bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately21. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for 4. were closing in on 5. starting up 6. went through 7. fill out 8. fall into31. incorporates all the latest safety features2. two trees ten feet apart3. awarding lucrative

29、 contracts to his construction firm4. the prototyp0e of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars5. are correlated in all racial groups41. The applicationremotehas turned into a realityare poised to2. that vibratecan detect frequency3. lanesare mounted in alert a hazardWord formation

30、: Clipped WordsBlendskilo kilogram kilogramMedicaremedical carememo memorandum memorandumemailelectronic mailgym gymnasium gymnasiumcomsatcommunications satellitelib liberation Newscastnews broadcastdoc doctorskyjacksky hijackvet veterinarianEurodollarEuropean dollarprep preparationBrunchbreakfast a

31、nd lunchauto automobiletelecasttelevision broadcastflu influenzaOxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII Usage1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive Exercises:I

32、Close1. Text-related 1. computerized 2. start up 3. be poised to 4. alert 5. hazards 6. monotonous 7. take control of 8. steer 9. lane 10. decrease 11. calculate 12. eliminate 13. getting stuck in 14. mounted 15. detect 16. vapor 2. Theme-related1. generates 2. related 3. revolutionized 4. enabled 5

33、. opportunities 6. overall 7. manufacturing 8. dependent 9. interact 10. fatalitiesII. Translation1. There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living st

34、andards and an increase in social problems.3. The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide level are closely correlated with global temperatures.4. The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5. The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jum

35、p at the signal from the coach.2 Translate the passage into English, using the words and phrases given below.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially

36、 highway fatalities, However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start

37、up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Part III Text BComprehension Check1. a 3. c 5. b2. c 4. d 6. bLanguage Practice11. c 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. g 7. d 8. h21

38、. en route3. equivalent5. in cooperation with7. At the start of9. implemented 11. component 2. matures 4. feasible 6. exposure 8. thereby10. realistic12. by means ofPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksSample Resume.Hong QinRm. 316, New College Dormitory Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Roa

39、d Nanjing, Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email: hqin Employment ObjectiveReporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazineEducationBachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2002 Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale Proficient

40、with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet Courses taken included:Reporting Public AffairsFeature WritingComputer Assisted ReportingTheories of Mass CommunicationWriting for Mass Communication Advertising and Public RelationsWorld Press SystemsAdvanced Newspaper DesignEmployment Experi

41、enceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210005, June 2001 to August 2001 Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person Met every daily deadline succes

42、sfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports byspecified deadlinesAssistant Editor / Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, July, 2000 present Responsible for reporting students activities at Xuanwu University Developed fortnightly stories without miss

43、ing a single deadlineAwardsSecond Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2001 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2000Professional InterestsMember of the Journalists Association of Jiangsu Province. Vice chairman of the Students Union at Xuanwu University

44、, Proficient in both Chinese and EnglishReferences and writing samples available upon request.Unit 3iPart II Text AText Organization PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-6An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part TwoParas 7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful interview

45、eePart ThreeParas 28-31Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.SuggestionsExamples1) Prepare to win.1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.3) the four-minute mile, the New YorkMarathon and the Vietnam veteran4) Find

46、a way to make a difference.4) New York cabdriversLanguage Sense Enhancement1.1. checked with 2. interview 3. grill 4. clippings 5. be right for 6. follow 7 indicating 8. hand-delivered 9. prepared 10. prospectiveVocabularyI.1. 1) rude2) physically3) structure4)made a difference5) blurted (out)6)chuc

47、kling7)measurable8)prospective9) preparations10)sparkled11) took a crack at12)partner2.1) go after2)look back on/at3) be put up4)stood for5) build in6) follow up7) be hooked up to8) closed up3.1) Marys parents grilled her about where she had been all night.2) Before the appearance of her Fairy Godmo

48、ther, it was beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace.3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers hands soon.4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5)

49、Jims car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, aswell as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective design

50、er for the construction of the city square.2) From his standpoint, the project manager has made every endeavor to go after the best engineer for the work of cleaning up the river before the deadline set by the mayor.3) Life is short, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have cr

51、ack at everything they think is interesting, but the problem is they barely have thee time or energy for such endeavors.II.Words with Multiple Meanings1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends addresses on my computer, as he does his. Keep(used to avoid

52、 repetition)3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, shewould get $10.00 every week, (clean)4. Since the Smiths business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of business in Canada, (get along)5. If you are prepared, you can

53、certainly do the job. (perform or complete )6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete )7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study)8. A small piece of cake will do for me, th

54、anks, (be enough)9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable)III. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way. I have som

55、ething here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way. I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in

56、 Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesText-related1. prospective 2. As I see it 3. done your homework 4. beforehand 5. endeavor 6.