[專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料]專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬132

1、專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬132專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬132專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬132LANGUAGE USAGEPassage 1A four-year study by sociologists at The University ofManchester has found that women are much likely than men to 1make deep and lasting friendships. The investigation into socialnetworks by the Universitys Research Centre f

2、or Socio-CulturalChange found that men are more fickle and calculating about whothey should be friends. Women, on the other hand, stand by their 2friends through thick and thin. Adding to the bad news for maleprestige, the study confirms the stereotype which men are likely to 3base their friendship

3、on social drinking. Of the 10,000 individuals studying who took part in the 1992 4 to 2002 British Household Panel Surveys, women are much morelikely to stay with the same friends. Single people, elder people 5and white collar workers are also good at paring up. Middle classpeople are more likely to

4、 cast their net of friendship far more 6wider, or the working class tend to stick to their own kind. 7 Dr Gindo Tampubolon said the findings to female friendship 8 were double significant because the data suggest we are much 9more likely to socialize with people from our own gender-75 percent of bes

5、t friends were with the same sex. Dr Tampubolon, whois based at the School of Social Sciences, said: Friendshipbetween women seems to be fundamentally similar to friendship 10between men.1.答案:likelymore或muchmore解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此句中出現(xiàn)了than，故likely應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)，需在前面加上more，much可以用來修飾比較級(jí)，表示程度，此處much more表示“更加”，這題也可以直接將

6、much改成more。2.答案:friendswith解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。be friends with sb.是固定搭配，表示“和某人成為朋友”，故應(yīng)加上with，此句的意思是“在擇友方面，男性比女性更加易變和精明?！?.答案:whichthat解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處是同位語從句，解釋stereotype的內(nèi)容，which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句，故應(yīng)該改為從屬連詞that，同位語從句中的that通常不能省略。4.答案:studyingstudied解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處分詞作后置定語修飾individuals，二者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)該用過去分詞studied，相當(dāng)于從句who were studied

7、，意為“被調(diào)查研究的1萬個(gè)人”。5.答案:elderolder/elderly解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。elder一般指“(兩個(gè)人中)年長的”，無比較級(jí)，若作名詞“長者，前輩”則通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且后不接people。elderly作形容詞，指上了年紀(jì)的人，older是old的比較級(jí)，泛指年紀(jì)較大的人，故此處應(yīng)該用elderly或older，以符合文意。6.答案:(far)moremore解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。wide是單音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)為wider，前面不需要加more。7.答案:orwhereas/while解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。由上下文的語義判斷，句間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)為對(duì)比關(guān)系，前句說到中產(chǎn)階層的人更傾向有廣泛的朋友

8、關(guān)系網(wǎng)，后句則說工薪階層的人傾向于和自己同一層次的人交朋友，前后形成對(duì)照，故此處應(yīng)改為whereas或while。8.答案:toon解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處表示“關(guān)于女性之間的友誼的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)”，findings后面通常用介詞on，應(yīng)把to改為on。9.答案:doubledoubly解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。double作形容詞，表示“雙倍的，雙重的”，此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞significant，故應(yīng)改為doubly。10.答案:similardifferent解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。短文開頭第一段就已經(jīng)表明女性之間的友誼關(guān)系更深入更持久，而男性在交朋友方面則更易變和精明，由此可知二者有著明顯的區(qū)別，故應(yīng)該把s

9、imilar改為different。Passage 2Americans circle of close confidants has shrunk dramaticallyin the past two decades but the number of people who say they 1have no one with whom to discuss important matters has morethan doubled, according to a new study by sociologists at DukeUniversity and the University

10、 of Arizona. The evidence showsthat Americans have more confidants and those ties are also more 2family-based than they are used to be, said Lynn Smith-Lovin, 3Professor of Sociology at Duke University and one of the studysauthors of Social Isolation in America: Changes in CoreDiscussion Networks Ov

11、er Two Decades. The study compared data from 1985 to 2004 and found which 4 the mean number of people with whom Americans can discussmatters important to them dropped by nearly one-third, from 2.94people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. The study paints a picture ofAmericans social contacts a densely connec

12、ted, close, 5homogeneous set of ties slowly closing in on themselves, 6becoming smaller, more tightly interconnected, more focusing on 7the very strong bonds of the nuclear family. That means less contacts created through clubs, neighbors and 8 organizations outside the home-a phenomenon popularly k

13、nownas bowling lonely, from the 2000 book of the same title by 9Robert D. Putnam. The researchers speculated that changes incommunities and families, such as the increase in a number of 10hours that family members spend at work and the influence ofInternet communication, may contribute to the decrea

14、se in the sizeof close-knit circles of friends and relatives.1.答案:butand解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。由上下文的語義判斷，句間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系，上一句說到在過去的20年里，美國人的密友圈大幅度縮小，下一句提到超過一倍的人說沒人和他們討論重要問題，二者在意義上屬于并列關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)把表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的but改為and。2.答案:more(confidants)fewer解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。前文已經(jīng)提到美國人的密友圈縮小，第二段用研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示能和自己一起討論重要問題的朋友減少了?？梢娒绹说闹簻p少了，而不是增多了，故此處應(yīng)改為fewer。3.

15、答案:areare解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。be used to表示“習(xí)慣于”，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，used to表示“過去常?！?，后接動(dòng)詞原形，此句要表達(dá)的意思是“和過去相比，現(xiàn)在美國人的朋友更傾向于以家庭關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)?！惫蚀颂幱胾sed to，符合上下文語義。4.答案:whichthat或whichwhich解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處是賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，故應(yīng)該用從屬連詞that，此處that也可以省略掉。5.答案:aas解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。paint.as意為“描述成”，此句的意思是“該研究把美國人的社會(huì)交往描述為一種連接緊密的、封閉的、同類人的關(guān)系”。6.答案:themselvesitse

16、lf解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處指代的是set，故應(yīng)改為單數(shù)形式itself。of ties表所屬，用來修飾set，此處意為“關(guān)系”網(wǎng)。slowing closing in.為伴隨狀語對(duì)set進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。7.答案:focusingfocused解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處和前面的smaller, more tightly interconnected并列，作動(dòng)詞become的表語，故應(yīng)該用形容詞：focused，意為“集中的”。8.答案:lessfewer解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。less作為little的比較級(jí)，是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，此處后接的contacts是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)該用fewer。9.答案:lon

17、elyalone解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。lonely是形容詞，意為“孤獨(dú)的，孤單的”，此處修飾動(dòng)詞bowling應(yīng)該用副詞，故要改為alone，表示“單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地”。10.答案:athe解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。a number of表示“許多”，the number of表示“的數(shù)目”。此句要表達(dá)的是“家庭成員工作的小時(shí)數(shù)增加”，故應(yīng)該用the number of。Passage 3Over the years, Ive heard a fair number of slurs shouted atcampus cops. Seldom were they pig or fascist. Far more

18、often,they diminished the power of the officer, using words like fakecop or rent-a-cop. This is which the power and class dynamics 1get tricky. They are real cops. Employing by California, they are 2agents of the state. Theyve got weapons. And the payment is not 3bad at all. On the other hand, campu

19、s police at U.C. Berkeley and U.C. Davis, patrol kids whod call them failures if they grew up to be 4cops; kids who have more opportunities than the children of thecampus cops; kids who will most be more successful than campus 5cops; kids who even enjoy the ultimate loyalty of U.C. faculty andmost a

20、dministrators. Just look at what happened before U.C. 6Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons, and U.C. Davisadministrators sent in cops with pepper spray. Predictive quarrels 7occurred. Batons and pepper spray were used. Images leaked. Andsuddenly administrators were launching investigati

21、ons! And 8issuing statements about how deeply they cared for the students!Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned onpassive protesters? Theyd do well to read Shooting an Elephant, George Orwells reflection on his time as a British imperial police officerin Burma, if so. To be cl

22、ear, I dont think imperialism is an aptanalogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis 9protesters. And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers 10who arent monsters might use wildly excessive force.1.答案:whichwhere解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處是表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，要用連接副詞where引導(dǎo)。2.答案:EmployingEmployed

23、解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處分詞短語作狀語，employ與句子的主語they是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)改為過去分詞Employed。3.答案:paymentpay解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。payment意為“支付：繳納；報(bào)答”，放在此處與上下文語義銜接不上。pay作名詞時(shí)，意為“工資”，而這里表示的是“校園警察有武器且薪水也不差”，故用Pay合適。4.答案:themthemselves解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。由上下文語義判斷，此處指代的是先行詞kids，故應(yīng)該用反身代詞themselves，意為“如果長大當(dāng)警察的話，孩子們會(huì)稱自己是失敗者。”5.答案:mostmostly解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處修飾動(dòng)詞be需要用副詞，most作副詞

24、，意為“很，非常”，mostly意為“主要地，通?！保司湟磉_(dá)的意思是“將來通常要比校園警察更成功的小孩”，故應(yīng)該用。mostly，符合上下語義。6.答案:beforeafter解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上下文語義，下文所發(fā)生的事情，即警棍和胡椒水噴劑的使用，是發(fā)生在U.C.Berkeley administrators和U.C.Davis administrators派來帶有武器的校警之后，而不是之前，故應(yīng)該用after來連接。7.答案:PredictivePredictable解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。predictive意為“預(yù)言的，預(yù)告的”，predictable意為“可預(yù)見的；意料之中的”，此句的

25、意思是“爭吵不出意料地發(fā)生了?！惫视肞redictable符合文意。8.答案:administratorsthe解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處特指U.C.Berkeley和U.C.Davis的administrators，且前文已經(jīng)兩次提到過administrators，故前面應(yīng)該加上定冠詞the。9.答案:fromfrom解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。remove作不及物動(dòng)詞。常和from搭配，意為“遷移，移居”，remove作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“去掉，排除，使消失”，此句要表達(dá)的意思是“警察用武力驅(qū)趕Occupy Cal或Davis protesters?！惫蕬?yīng)該去掉from。10.答案:AndBut解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。

26、由上下文語義判斷，此句與上一句在意義上應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上一句說到我認(rèn)為“帝國主義”不是一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)念惐龋乱痪鋭t說Orwell幫助我們了解警察為什么過度使用武力；從結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，前句的I dont think與本句的I do think形成對(duì)照，故應(yīng)改為表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞But。Passage 4Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facingcities today. Often the trouble is that a few high-cost, low-ridershiproutes drag down an entir

27、e system. That puts policymakers in atough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has 1been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm aconsiderate number of people who rely on that service as their 2primary mode of transportation. Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur reviv

28、es the debate and argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are 3struggling. In response, he offers an admittedly controversialsolution: Transit should operate on a for profit basis and its pricesshould closely reflect market forces-if it means that transit fares 4increase. The

29、idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with 5 some recent precedent. Writing last week at The New York TimesOpinionator blog, Lisa Margonelli points to a study from earlierthis year comparing transit ridership in Germany and the UnitedStates. Over the same period of time, German transi

30、t agenciesgrew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur 6proposes-namely, increasing fares and slashing service. More important than fare changes were the limits 7 simultaneously imposed on car travel. While German transitagencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality s

31、ervice,the government implemented a number of policies that madedriving less conveniently and more costly. In other words, 8high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only 9when coordinating with harsh automobile policies-not in isolation. 101.答案:thatas/which解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。句子中間用了逗號(hào)，可以判斷此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which來引導(dǎo)，也可以用as來連接，意為“正如”。2.答案:considerateconsiderable解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。considerate意為“體貼的；考慮周到的”，considerable意為“大量的