高中物理書上的單詞整理

1、高中物理書上的單詞整理機械運動mechanical motion力學mechanics質(zhì)點mass point參考系reference frame坐標系coordinate system路程path位移displacement矢量vector標量scalar速度velocity平均速度average velocity瞬時速度instantaneous velocity速率speed加速度acceleration費恩曼FeynmanV-T圖v-t graph普朗克Planck勻變速直線運動uniform variable rectilinear motion初速度initial velocity

2、自由落體運動free-fall motion自由落體加速度free-fall acceleration重力加速度gravitational acceleration亞里士多德Aristotle伽利略Galileo Galilei米開朗基羅Michelangelo恩格斯Friedrich Engels力force牛頓Newton重力gravity重心center of gravity萬有引力gravitation電磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction強相互作用strong interaction弱相互作用weak interaction形變deformation彈性形

3、變elastic deformation彈力elastic force彈性限度elastic limit彈性系數(shù)coefficient of stiffness胡克定律Hooke law摩擦力frictional force靜摩擦力static frictional force滑動摩擦力sliding frictional force動摩擦因素dynamic frictional factor合力resultant force分力components of force力的合成composition of force公力點concurrent forces平行四邊形定則parallelogram

4、 rule力的分解resolution of force三角形定則triangular rule自然和自然的法則在黑夜中隱藏，上帝說，讓牛頓去吧！于是一切都被照亮。-蒲柏Nature and natures law lay hid in night. God said, let Newton be! And all was light.-Alexander pope牛頓運動定律Newton laws of motion笛卡爾R. Descartes牛頓第一定律Newton first law慣性inertia慣性定律law of inertia質(zhì)量mass慣性系inertial system牛

5、頓第二定律Newton second law單位制system of units國際單位制Le System International dUnites作用力action反作用力reaction牛頓第三定律Newton third law超重overweight失重weightlessness誤差error偶然誤差accidental error系統(tǒng)誤差systematic error絕對誤差absolute error相對誤差relative error有效數(shù)字significant figure曲線運動curvilinear motion基爾霍夫Kirchhoff切線tangent拋體運動

6、projectile motion平拋運動線速度linear velocity勻速圓周運動uniform circular motion角速度angular velocity弧度radian周期period向心加速度centripetal acceleration向心力centripetal force拉普拉斯Laplace第谷Tycho Brahe開普勒Johannes Kepler托勒密Claudius Ptolemy哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus布魯諾Bruno引力常數(shù)gravitational constant萬有引力定律law of universal gravitat

7、ion哈雷Halley第一宇宙速度first cosmetic velocity黑洞black hole霍金Hawking勞厄Laue勢能potential energy動能kinetic energy功work焦耳Joule功率power瓦特Watt重力勢能gravitational potential energy彈性勢能elastic potential energy動能定理theorem of kinetic energy機械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy能量守恒定律law of energy conservation亥姆霍茲

8、Helmholtz膜membrane泰勒斯Thales電electricity電荷electric charge正電荷positive charge負電荷negative charge摩擦起電electrification by friction自由電子free electron離子ion靜電感應electrostatic induction電荷守恒定律law of conservation of electric charge電荷量electric quality元電荷elementary charge庫倫Coulomb密立根Millikan比荷specific charge靜電力elect

9、rostatic force庫侖定律Coulomb law點電荷point charge靜電力常數(shù)electrostatic force constant電場electric field靜電場electrostatic field電磁場electromagnetic field電場強度electric field strength電場線electric field line勻強電場uniform electric field電勢能electric potential energy/ electrostatic potential energy電勢electric potential伏特Volt

10、等勢面equipotential surface電勢差electric potential difference電壓voltage靜電平衡狀態(tài)electrostatic equilibrium電離ionization電容器capacitor電容capacitance法拉farad相對介電常數(shù)relative dielectric constant張伯倫Chamberlain電源power source恒定電場steady electric field恒定電流steady current電流electric current安培Ampere電動勢electromotive force內(nèi)阻inter

11、nal resistance歐姆定律Ohm law串聯(lián)series connection并聯(lián)parallel connection電功率electric power焦耳定律Joule law電阻率resistivity閉合電路closed circuit外電路external circuit內(nèi)電路internal circuit閉合電路的歐姆定律Ohm law of closed circuit集成電路integrated circuits麥克斯韋Maxwell磁極magnetic pole磁場magnetic field磁性magnetism磁感應強度magnetic induction特斯

12、拉Tesla磁感線magnetic induction line安培定則Ampere rule左手定則left-hand rule磁通量magnetic flux韋伯Weber/Wb勻強磁場uniform magnetic field安培力ampere force洛倫茲力Lorentz force霍爾效應Hal effect掃描scanning回旋加速器cyclotron康德Kant法拉第Faraday電磁感應electromagnetic induction感應電流induction current楞次定律Lenz law右手定則right-hand rule感應電動勢induction e

13、lectromotive force法拉第電磁感應定律Faraday law of electromagnetic induction感生電場induced electric field互感mutual induction自感self-induction亨利Henry渦流eddy current電磁阻尼electromagnetic damping交變電流alternating current直流direct current峰值peak value正弦式電流sinusoidal current頻率frequency赫茲hertz有效值effective value原線圈primary coil

14、副線圈secondary coil傳感器sensor載流子carrier阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)Avogadro constant擴散diffusion布朗Brown布朗運動Brownian motion熱運動thermal motion分子動理論molecular kinetic theory統(tǒng)計規(guī)律statistical regularity狀態(tài)參量state parameter平衡態(tài)equilibrium state熱平衡thermal equilibrium熱平衡定律law of thermal equilibrium溫度temperature溫標thermometric scale熱力學溫度t

15、hermodynamic temperature開爾文Kelvin內(nèi)能internal energy玻意耳Boyle馬略特Mariotte玻意耳定律Boyle law查理定律Charles law蓋-呂薩克定律Gay-Lussac law理想氣體ideal gas理想氣體狀態(tài)方程state equation of ideal gas多晶體polycrystal單晶體monocrystal各向異性anisotropy各向同性isotropy表面張力surface tension浸潤wettability毛細現(xiàn)象capillarity液晶liquid crystal物理科學physical sci

16、ences生命科學life sciences汽化vaporization蒸發(fā)evaporation沸騰boiling動態(tài)平衡dynamic equilibrium飽和汽saturated vapor飽和汽壓saturated vapor pressure相對濕度humidity熔化melting凝固solidifying熔化熱melting heat液化liquefaction汽化熱heat of vaporization絕熱過程adiabatic process威廉.湯姆森W. Thomsom熱力學第一定律first law of thermodynamics能量守恒定律law of ene

17、rgy conservation克勞修斯Clausius熵entropy平衡位置equilibrium position振動vibration彈簧振子spring oscillator簡諧運動simple harmonic motion振幅amplitude相位phase相位差phase difference回復力restoring force單擺pendulum惠根斯Huygens固有頻率nature frequency阻尼振動damped vibration受迫振動forced vibration共振resonance達芬奇Leonardo da Vinci橫波transverse wav

18、e縱波longitudinal wave波峰crest波谷trough介質(zhì)medium機械波mechanical wave波長wavelength惠根斯原理Huygens principle入射角incident angle折射角refraction angle折射率refractive index折射定律refraction law衍射diffraction干涉interference多普勒效應Doppler effect超聲波supersonic wave聲吶sonar托馬斯.樣T. Young反射reflection反射定律reflection law色散dispersion光譜spec

19、trum棱鏡prism菲涅爾Fresnel泊松Poisson布拉格Bragg沃森Watson克里克Crick偏振光polarized light光疏介質(zhì)optically thinner medium光密介質(zhì)optically denser medium臨界角critical angle全反射total reflection光導纖維optical fiber激光laser愛因斯坦Einstein電磁波electromagnetic wave天線antenna調(diào)制modulation解調(diào)demodulation調(diào)諧tuning馬可尼Marconi模擬信號analog signal數(shù)字信號digi

20、tal signal電磁波譜electromagnetic wave spectrum無線電波radio wave紅外線infrared ray紫外線ultraviolet ray可見光visible light（伽利略）相對性原理relativity principle廣義相對性原理principle of general relativity等效原理equivalence principle哈伯Hublle大爆炸宇宙學big-bang cosmology動量momentum內(nèi)力internal force外力external force動量守恒定律law of conservation of momentum彈性碰撞elastic collision非彈性碰撞inelastic collision正碰direct impact散射scattering查德威克Chadwick反沖recoil沖量impulse動量定理theorem of momentum熱輻射thermal radiation黑體blackbody黑體輻射blackbody radiation維恩W