高考英語閱讀-主旨大意題的解題技巧教師版

1、.高考英語閱讀專題之主旨大意題關(guān)于主旨大意題的高考考試說明 每篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨要義。有時(shí)從文章第一個(gè)段落甚至第一個(gè)句子即可得出文章的主旨要義，從這一段或這個(gè)句子讀者會(huì)知道文章描述的是誰或什么（即文章的主題），亦會(huì)了解到作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時(shí)，作者沒有明示文章的主旨要義，需要讀者從文章的字里行間進(jìn)行歸納和概括。一、主旨大意題的命題形式這類試題包括要求考生選出短文的標(biāo)題(title, headline)、短文或段落的主題(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的寫作目的(purpose或?yàn)閭鬟f信息、或?yàn)橛鋹傋x者、或?yàn)殛U述某一道理)等。這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：(

2、1)the subject of the passage/paragraph is _.(2)the main idea of the passage/paragraph is _.(3)the text is mainly about _.(4)the passage mainly centers on _.(5)the passage mainly tells about _.(6)what is the subject discussed in the text?(7)what is the main idea of this passage?(8)what is the passage

3、 mainly about?(9)what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)what is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)what would be the best title for the text?(

4、14)what might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)the best headlines for this newspaper article would be_(16)the main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about _.(17)the writers purpose in writing this story is _.(18)what is the authors main purpose?(19)what does

5、 the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)the writer wrote the story in order to_.(21)what is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、尋找主題句的方法 正確的解答這類題目的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確地找出文章的主題句。那么，主題句通常在哪里呢？(1)主題句在文首；(2)主題句在文中；(3)主題句在文末；(4)主題句以首尾呼應(yīng)的形式出現(xiàn)在文首和文末。（4）無明顯主題句，需根據(jù)高頻詞或各段落主題句進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括1. 主題句在文首toda

6、y the problem of environment has become more and more serious. the world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. we are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.the main idea of the parag

7、raph is _.2. 主題句在文中some people like reading, and some people like swimming. i have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. in fact, different people have different hobbies. my friend ann studies very hard. so her hobby is reading all kinds of books. tony loves working with her hands,

8、and his hobby is gardening. what does this paragraph mainly talk about?3. 主題句在文末when you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. when you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chanc

9、es to challenge yourself. so you should always say you are happy.what is the passage mainly about?4. 主題句首尾呼應(yīng)smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also c

10、an cause other health problems. for example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. is it worth it? what is the main idea ?a. smoking can cause

11、 cancer. b. smoking is a terrible killer c. smoking is harmful to our health. d. an experiment on smoking5. 無明顯主題句根據(jù)高頻詞概括everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly. tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.controltheseby talkingtoyourselfinyouro

12、wnmind, whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.bytalkingitoverinyourown headyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.angercontrolcanalsobeachievedby communicating with others withhonesty. youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.itisimportanttoremember it

13、is possible for everyone to get angryandtherefore, controllingitistherealchallenge.what is the best title of the passage ?a. not everyone can control anger. b. how to control anger.c. communicating with others is helpful.d. controlling anger is challenging根據(jù)各段主題句概括mothers day was coming, a man stopp

14、ed at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(電郵給) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. as he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . he asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “i wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. but i only have seventy-five ce

15、nts, and a rose costs two dollars.”the man smiled and said, “come on in with me. ill buy you a rose.”after they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. as they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. she said, “yes, please! but can you take me to

16、 my mother?” “to your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. she directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新墳). the man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the

17、two hundred miles to his mothers house.what is the passage mainly about?a. moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on mothers day.b. a man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.c. we should often help others.d. we should love our mothers.小練習(xí)1. smoking in indoor public p

18、laces including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in china since january 2011.should smoking be banned in public places?of course,it should be. first, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health pr

19、oblems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers. next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. since a smoker is prevented from smoking. at last,smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air,so if it isbanned, it will help in saving the environment from further det

20、erioration(惡化).what is the main idea of the passage ?a.smoking is bad for health. b.smoking will increase pollution.c.smoking should be banned.d.smoking can cause fire.2. there is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. it is called the law of supply and demand. supply means the amount

21、 of, or access to, certain goods. demand represents the number of people who want those goods. if there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. on the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. of course, manufacturers prefer to sell mor

22、e goods at increased prices. what is the main idea?a. economic principles b. law of supply and demand c. more goods, lower prices d. fewer goods, higher prices3. often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. on the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. and the m

23、an who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. so, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearancewhat does the writher want to tell us ?a. the innocent looks more guilty.b. the professional criminal looks innocent. c. a man knows everything likes to hide

24、 his weekness.d. we shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance.4. wechat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by tencent in china, first released in january 2011. with wechat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can sha

25、re our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. more important, it is free for the users.the main idea of this paragraph is that _.a. the tools of chatting.b. we can use wechat to chat with lots of friends.c. the functions of wechat.d. we should o

26、ften communicate with friends.5. for adults a cold is not that serious. however, this is not the case for children. cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. what does the paragraph mainly talk about?a. cold is not serious for adult

27、s.b. cold is serious for children. c. cold has obvious symptoms.d. cold should be cured at once.6. some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. others prefer to be left to work on their own. still others like a democratic discussion type of class. no one teaching method c

28、an satisfy all students at the same time. what is the main idea ?a. some students prefer a strict teacher.b. no one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.c. some students prefer to do work on their own.d. students should respect teachers.7. nothing is as useful as a flashlight in

29、 a dark night if a tire(輪胎) goes flat. few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. in fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. a camper(野營者) also needs one after the light of

30、 the campfire has been out. what is the main idea ?a. a flashlight is useful every day.b. a flashlight is useful in dark situations.c. children are afraind of darkness.d. a camper needs a flashlight when the campfire is out.8. magellans(麥哲倫) men were the first to make the trip around the world. it t

31、ook them more than two years to do so by ship.magellan was from portugal, but he sailed for the king of spain. on september 20, 1519, he left spain with five ships and 240 men. after passing the tip of south america, they reached the pacific ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. very often

32、 they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. many of them died of hunger and diseases. they even had to live on sawdust. finally, in april 1521, magellan got to the philippine islands, where he was killed. his men fled and continued

33、their voyage across the indian ocean. it was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the cape of good hope. by the time they returned to spain on december 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a hug

34、e ball.which of the following is the best title for this passage?a. magellans deathb. going around the worldc. the world is roundd. magellans voyage9. there is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. it is called the law of supply and demand. supply means the amount of, or access to, c

35、ertain goods. demand represents the number of people who want those goods. if there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. on the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased

36、 prices. what is the main idea?a.economic principles b.law of supply and demand c.more goods, lower prices d.fewer goods, higher prices10. if you are robbed, keep calm. if you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police.

37、if it is raining hard and there is lightning. dont stay in high places and keep away from trees.when there is a fire, get away as fast as you can. put wet things on your body and try and find an exit. do not take the lift!if someone is drowning(溺水), if you cant swim, dont get into the water. cry out

38、 for help.remember that danger is never as far away as you think. we should take care of ourselves.what is the best title?a. danger everywhere.b. take care of ourselves.c. how to save othersd. dont stay under the tree when raining.高考題匯編1. 主題句在文首 這類文章寫法上的特點(diǎn)是：文章的第一句起著點(diǎn)題的作用，概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容或信息，下文接著對主題句所涉及的話題

39、進(jìn)行具體的闡述。如：(全國高考題)a jintan, jiangsu: the 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. they had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the fifth national hua luogeng gold cup mathematics contest (競賽)on tuesday evening.the

40、 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. it is just unbelievable! said a teacher from guangdong province.named after chinas most famous mathematician, hua luogeng, the contest

41、 started in 1986, one year after his death. in less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the state education commission(國家教委) as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind.this news story is mainly about _.a. when the contest started b. how the contest got its namec. the 20 pupils who hav

42、e won gold medals in the contestd. the 5th national hua luogeng gold cup mathematics contest【分析】這是一篇報(bào)道，文章的第一段只有兩句話：“20個(gè)學(xué)生(2女18男)有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因?yàn)樗麄儕Z得了第五屆華羅庚杯數(shù)學(xué)競賽的金獎(jiǎng)，是4百萬參賽學(xué)生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對競賽的有關(guān)情況進(jìn)行報(bào)道，因此，第一段實(shí)際上就是這篇報(bào)道的主題句。a、b、c分別只包含了報(bào)道的部分信息，顯然不合題意；d選項(xiàng)與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答案。2. 主題句在文中 這類文章寫法上的特點(diǎn)是：開始部分是引題，接著是點(diǎn)題

43、，最后是對主題進(jìn)行敘述，主題句常常起著承上啟下的作用。如：(全國高考題)fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. some fat people have a large stomach and no waistlinewhich makes them look round, rather like apples. others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.there are two types of fat: external

44、fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. this seems to be what causes the health probl

45、ems.the best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. but unfortunately it seems that dieting (節(jié)食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. at the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.

46、the text is mainly about _.a. fatness and health b. ways to lose weigh c. peoples figures d. distribution of fat【分析】該文的第一段交代了脂肪在體內(nèi)的分布狀況；第二段交代了脂肪的種類及不同種類的脂肪與健康之間的關(guān)系；第三段講的是減肥應(yīng)該減掉哪一類脂肪以及節(jié)食存在的問題。很明顯，第二段，特別是第二段的第二句，起著承上啟下的作用，是該文的主題句。a選項(xiàng)符合主題句的意思，應(yīng)該是正確答案；b選項(xiàng)與文章的意思無關(guān)；可以排除；c、d選項(xiàng)分別只與文章的部分信息有關(guān)，也可以排除。3. 主題句在文末

47、這種寫法的特點(diǎn)是：在敘述完某件事情或某個(gè)話題之后，用一句話交代事情的結(jié)果或?qū)η懊娴臄⑹鲞M(jìn)行歸納。如：(廣東高考題) in 1901, h.g. wells, an english writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. when the explorers (探險(xiǎn)者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. they expressed their surprise to the moon people th

48、ey met. in turn, the moon people” expressed their surprise. why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space? h.g. wells could only imagine travel to the moon. in 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. people today know that there are no underground

49、cities on the moon. how ever, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. a growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. underground systems are already in place. many cities have underground car parks. in some cities, such as tokyo, seoul and montreal, ther

50、e are large underground shopping areas. the chunnel, a tunnel(隧道) connecting england and france, is now complete. but what about underground cities? japans taisei corporation is designing a network of underground system, called alice cities. the designers imagine using surface space for public parks

51、 and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. a solar dome(太陽能穹頂) would cover the whole city. supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space. the surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, garde

52、ns, and wilderness. h.g. wells moon people would agree. would you?what would be the best title for the text?a. alice citiescities of the future b. space travel with h.g. wellsc. enjoy living underground d. building down, not up【分析】文章以月球人的問題why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use

53、your inner space? 引起話題，接著講敘了人類目前對地下空間的利用現(xiàn)狀，結(jié)尾以地下空間開發(fā)的支持者的話點(diǎn)題 building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space。a選項(xiàng)只是本文話題的部分意思，不是主要話題；b選項(xiàng)與文章的意思無關(guān)；文章主要是講地下空間的開發(fā)利用，而不是講如何享受地下生活，因此c選項(xiàng)與文章的主題也無關(guān)；d選項(xiàng)符合文章的主要內(nèi)容，與主題句的意思一致，因此，是該題的正確答案。4. 主題句以首尾呼應(yīng)的形式出現(xiàn)在文首和文末 這種寫法的特點(diǎn)是：文章一開始就點(diǎn)題，接著舉例，最后回歸

54、主題。如：(全國高考題) shu pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. it was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career, he said. in 1963, after his army service, shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of chinese medicine. as part of his studies he had to work in t

55、he mountains. there he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. i was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer i met. it was a very hot afternoon. the old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. he

56、 at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. in no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. rushing home he shouted bring me the knife! minutes later the man lost his arm forever. the sad story touched me so much that i decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,shu said.the best headline for this newspaper article is _.a. astonishing medicine b. farmer loses arms c. dangerous bites d. snake doctor【分析】文章的第一段就兩句話，第一