地質(zhì)學(xué)常用中英文詞匯對(duì)照表按章節(jié)

1、 闡述引入硬質(zhì)巖軟質(zhì)巖硬質(zhì)的軟質(zhì)的基巖strong rock, filmweak rockcompetentincompetentbedrockoverview概率覆蓋層交錯(cuò)層理層面片理層理規(guī)劃證明波痕泥痕證實(shí)補(bǔ)償雨痕造巖礦物粘土礦物高嶺土蒙脫石伊利石云母白云母黑云母石英muscovitebiotitequartz地形地貌land form長(zhǎng)石feldspar正長(zhǎng)石斜長(zhǎng)石輝石角閃石方解石構(gòu)造結(jié)構(gòu)組構(gòu)stream(brook)河漫灘階地礦物組成產(chǎn)狀火成巖巖漿巖火山巖（熔巖）lava火山侵入巖噴出巖深成巖淺成巖酸性巖中性巖基性巖超基性巖巖基property巖層巖層rock sillvein dyk

2、egranite母巖相變巖脈花崗巖 rhyolitedioritegabbrobasalt沖積的洪積物（層） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪積的 diluvial冰川沉積物（層）glacier (drift)deposits崩積物（層） colluvial deposits, colluviumalluvialdunite殘積粘土變質(zhì)巖板巖凝灰?guī)r沉積巖碎屑巖粘土巖千枚巖片巖泥巖頁巖mudstoneshale鹽巖salinelimestonedolomitemarl走向傾向傾角褶皺褶曲單斜泥質(zhì)向斜背斜穹隆擠壓上盤下盤upper sectionbottom wall,

3、 footwall, lowerwall斷距separationintersectfault卵石礫石cobblegravelsandsilt相交斷層砂粉土正斷層逆斷層平移斷層層理粘土粘粒clay地塹地壘斷層泥擦痕斷裂軟泥淤泥clayooze破碎帶節(jié)理節(jié)理組沖積物（層） alluvion 方解石脈碎塊巖角礫巖粉巖屑剪裂隙固結(jié)4 水文地質(zhì)條件 hydrogeological conditions大氣圈水圈巖石圈地表徑流地下徑流流域流域面積匯水面積地下水地表水大氣水氣態(tài)水液態(tài)水固態(tài)水吸著水介質(zhì)影響帶完整性空隙void孔隙水壓力靜水壓力外靜水壓力動(dòng)水壓力滲透力外水壓力內(nèi)水壓力水位pore water

4、pressurehydrostatic pressureexternal hydrostatic pressurehydrodynamic pressureseepage pressureexternal water pressureinternal water pressurewater level, stage levelwater head破碎膠結(jié)泥化尖滅taper-out錯(cuò)動(dòng)水頭含水層透水層permeable layer, pervious layer薄膜層理不透水層（隔水層） aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeableaquiclude地下分水嶺孔隙

5、水裂隙水巖溶水結(jié)合水吸著水薄膜水毛細(xì)水重力水凝結(jié)水groundwater ridgepore waterfissure waterkarstic waterbound water, combined waterhydroscopic waterpellicular watercapillary watergravitational watercondensation water互層interbed地 下 水 埋 藏 條 件 condition of groundwater 可靠性檢查監(jiān) 控模型model監(jiān)測(cè)資料monitoring and prediction5 工程勘察 engineerin

6、g investigation可靠性穩(wěn)定性安全勘測(cè)勘察階段初步設(shè)計(jì)初步規(guī)劃初步勘探初步踏勘評(píng)估評(píng)定評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則災(zāi)害preliminary stagereconnaissance, inspectiongeological surveyaccident靜力（static analysis）動(dòng)力（dynamic analysis）evidently 明顯的borehole operation, boringgeophysical explorationexploratory aditsrod soundingexploring miningtrenchingcorrespondingly adv. 相應(yīng)地; 相關(guān)地; 相同物探洞探地釬探坑探槽探比例columnarstrata boundary