人教版版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語一至三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 你怎么了？1.What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you?the adj. 不能加the 或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong 是 matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加 with連用。即：用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對(duì)象時(shí)， 與介詞 Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?Whats the matter with sb.?

2、= have a fever 發(fā)燒2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a headache頭疼胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache +ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞3. 身體部位 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 。很多，大量名詞，意為 形容詞，意為 太. ，too much+4.

3、 much too+ enough money=much money 足夠好，名前后，形副后。good enough5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在lied 說謊，過去式lay；lie6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過去式 名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.7.sound like+The music sounds nice. 形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，sound+ 名詞，需要某物；8. need 需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+You nee

4、d to listen carefully during class. 需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作： need to do sth.Your dirty clothes need washing. 主語通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作： need doing sth. 上車下（公交車） get on 9. get off (the bus) 同意某人的意見同意某事agree to sb. 10. agree 同意，贊同;agree with sth. ，制造麻煩 12. be in trouble遇到麻煩，make trouble 有麻煩。做.have trouble (in) doi

5、ng sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 。13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 advise sth.就某事給某人建議；sb. advice on give 【復(fù)習(xí)】 advice 不可數(shù)名詞勸告，建議，向征求意見，14. advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事動(dòng)詞 advise sb. doing sth. He hurt his leg while exercising. 15. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使疼痛，受傷， His leg hurt badly. 不及物動(dòng)詞，（部位）疼。 The

6、 boy hit the dog with a stone. （用手或器具）打；擊打16. hit 用在所打較硬的部位； hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打較軟的部位。 hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in17. be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the mor

7、ning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程、動(dòng)作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit. 18. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物:sth. run out. 某物用盡了。 人:sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money las

8、t night. 19. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn) 20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 。sth. do to sth.= decide do to decision a make ; 做決定decision a mak

9、e 抉擇；決定；【名詞】decision 21.22. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control無法控制，無法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中 23.mind意為 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window? 24. give up (doi年g) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer gam

10、es； 二、重點(diǎn)語法 【反身代詞】英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。 數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù)myself yourself himself herself itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。1. well. ourselves very after herself a scarf. We must look 如：Maria bought 2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 Sh

11、e isnt quite herself today. 如： 3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 如： 用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。4. 自學(xué)如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself. help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用（隨便吃/喝些）enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快 把

12、某人單獨(dú)留下自言自語 leave sb. by oneselfhurt oneself摔傷自己 say to oneself 介紹自己 buy oneself sth.給自己買東西 introduce oneself 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。提醒1. ) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework 正（誤）Myself can finish my homework. (myself. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某

13、人自己的（東西）”2. drawing ones own. 如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。crayons. (正) Im drawing with myself （誤）Im 須要用時(shí)，with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定語a sick child 【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Mary could not come bec

14、ause she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)=hand out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為把某物分發(fā)給某人 4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer

15、 in an after-school study program. 做某事，表示過去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。)常(曾經(jīng)/過去 used to do sth.5. There used to be a cinema here. 這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過去的故事。 The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. 【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無感情色彩：6. al

16、one The lonely boy is not lonely now. （感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語或定語。lonely care about 【動(dòng)詞】 care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after 7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料 仔細(xì)地 carefully 仔細(xì)的 / careless 粗心的 【副詞】事sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/ 【形容詞】careful ”，用于修飾名詞such “這樣的，這種，如此8. 精彩的比賽/such an exciting match 多么 單數(shù)名詞：such a good day

17、多么美好的一天 such+ a/ an+形容詞+ 多么美味的食物 such important decisions多么重要的建議such delicious food復(fù)數(shù)名詞 such+形容詞+/不可數(shù)名詞：so many sick children/ so little time such：修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用 如果名詞前被many, much, few, little try out試用，試驗(yàn)參加選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.9. try out for 旅行者【名詞】

18、traveler多指短途旅行；10. journey （尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行行程；triptravel travel around the world 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 11.【復(fù)習(xí)】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12. try doing sth. 試著去做某事 try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【復(fù)習(xí)】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人、某事 14. raise

19、money集資，籌錢；raise money for為籌錢 raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集 15. keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持 16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語和表語。 17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能， make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成為； think/find it +形容詞to do sth. 18. make a

20、difference to對(duì)有影響；對(duì)有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修飾，如 The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)； have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 20. train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過去

21、分詞，可做定語，意為“受過訓(xùn)練的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 對(duì)某事感到興奮 ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）follow the order。 零【名詞】變化；s hard for a person to change his life(style). It【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變change23. change A for B用A換成B：When you travel in China, remember to change

22、 US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)； fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎？Could you please do sth ?請(qǐng)你（做）.好嗎？ 用于提出請(qǐng)求，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，說話的語氣比較客氣委婉。 Could 不是can的過去式，是委婉、禮貌的說法?；卮鹩胏an.【常用答語】肯定回答：Sure./ Of cours

23、e./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cant 2、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代詞做賓語，代詞放中間； 跟名詞做賓語，可放在中間，也可放在后邊 take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 發(fā)生 take off 脫下； 起飛 3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盤子嗎？do the dishes 洗碗 1.do the +名詞： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 2.

24、do the +動(dòng)詞-ing do the cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生結(jié)構(gòu) 3.do ones + 名詞 do ones homework 做家庭作業(yè)4.do some +動(dòng)詞-ing do some reading/ shopping 讀寫書/購(gòu)物 4、Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少讓我看完這個(gè)節(jié)目可以嗎？ 1】Could I do sth? 我可以做.嗎？用于表達(dá)請(qǐng)求，語氣比較委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 2】at least 至少，。(反) at most

25、 至少，不超過Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school. 3】finish v 結(jié)束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock? 5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我覺得你看兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。 1】two hours of TV 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 How time is

26、 flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time. 【注意】enough 修飾名詞時(shí)，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時(shí)，置于形容詞之后。 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others. 6、Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？ take 的用法： 1.拿 取 Please take some books to the class

27、room.2. 吃，喝服用 Take this medicine three times a day. 3.乘They usually take the bus to work. 4.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顧 take off 脫下；起飛 take up 占據(jù) take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢來 take ones temperature 量體溫 7. The minute I

28、sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我剛坐在電視機(jī)前面，我媽媽就過來了。 Please write to me the minute you get there. .” 就. 一“ the minute = as soon as 】1【解析【解析2】 in front of 指在物體外部的【記】The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. in the front of 指在物體內(nèi)部的前面The driver sat _in the front of_ the car. 有the無the區(qū)別大

29、at table 吃飯；進(jìn)餐 at the table 在桌邊 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院（不一定看?。?come 短語 ：come across（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn) come back 回來 come up with想出 come true實(shí)現(xiàn) come down下來 come from=be from來自,出生于come in/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來 come on趕快,加油 come along走吧,過來,快點(diǎn) come and go來來去去 come up上來 come out出來，(花)開，(照片)沖洗出來 7. You watch TV all the

30、 time and never help out around the house! 你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務(wù)！all the time = always 8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累！ 【解析】as.as . 和.一樣. 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的時(shí)間，她不做任何家務(wù)，我也不做。 【解析】neither +助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語 “某人（主語） 也不” neither兩者都不 neither nor 既不也不, 連接兩個(gè)

31、詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞由后一個(gè)主語確定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表達(dá)“也不則用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 【解析】find +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 【注】find found found v尋找 (1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 (2)

32、find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難 She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她吃驚地問道。 【解析】in surprise 驚奇地；吃驚地 surprise v 使吃驚surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 surprised adj. 吃驚的 to ones surprise 使某人吃驚的是 in surprise 吃驚地 be surprised at 對(duì)感

33、到吃驚 12. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “對(duì)不起，媽媽。我終于理解為了擁有一個(gè)干凈、舒適的家我們需要共同來分擔(dān)家務(wù)?！蔽一卮鹫f。 【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 (1)人做主語，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主語，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑問句，是

34、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (1)neednt = dont have to 沒有必要 (2)need ,must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定會(huì)的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt 分享或共用某物share sth 分享；共用share 】2【解析share sth with sb. 與某人分享某物 (All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match. 13. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把鹽遞給我嗎 p

35、ass sb.sth 把某物遞給某 Pass on 傳遞 Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通過；路過 I pass your home. v 通過（考試） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam. 15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本書看嗎、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些錢嗎？ (1) borrow ,與from 連用，尤指主語“借進(jìn)來”borrow sth from sb. 從某人那里借某物 You can borrow th

36、e book from the library. (2) lend ,與to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others. (3) (3)keep 保留，保存（延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用）【指借一段時(shí)間】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days. 16. I cut my finger

37、 and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕。 try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。 (1)try on 試穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【側(cè)重盡力做】 (3) try doing sth 試圖做某事 【側(cè)重嘗試做】 (4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事 17. I hate to do chores. 我討厭做家務(wù)。 hate to do sth 討厭做某事, 表示某次具體行為或動(dòng)作。 I hate to troub

38、le him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性行為或動(dòng)作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能請(qǐng)求你幫我做些雜活嗎？ 【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 請(qǐng)求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人詢問關(guān)于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人請(qǐng)求幫助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth請(qǐng)求某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth請(qǐng)某人做某

39、事 ask sb. not to do sth 不讓某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help尋求幫助 19.Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.當(dāng)你幫我洗盤子的時(shí)候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)。 【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock? 【解析2】while conj. “在期間； 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”While 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。 While th

40、e children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. 【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上幫助某人。help v 幫助 helpful adj. 有幫助的 (1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的幫助之下 (3)without the help of 沒有在的幫助之下1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your

41、 help, we couldnt catch the thief. 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地invite sb. to Sp. 【解析】我能邀請(qǐng)我的朋友們來聚會(huì)嗎？? invite my friends to a party20. Could I【解析】invite v invitation n邀請(qǐng)(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地點(diǎn) 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地 21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

42、 我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務(wù)和雜務(wù)?！窘馕觥縨ake sb. do sth 讓某人做某事 make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 (1) make sb/sth + 形容詞 “讓某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他們也沒有時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)家務(wù)和做家務(wù)。 【解析】have time to do sth.有時(shí)間做某事have time =be free 有空 23.

43、 Housework is a waste of their time. 做家務(wù)是在浪費(fèi)他們的時(shí)間。a waste of 浪費(fèi) a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 a waste of money 浪費(fèi)金 waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢 24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 為了取得好成績(jī)并考上一所好大學(xué)，他

44、們應(yīng)該把時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上。 in order to 目的是；為了后接動(dòng)詞原形。in order to do sth 為了做某事He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting. 【解析2】get into =enter 進(jìn)入 【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語： get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into進(jìn)入 get/be lost丟失 get off/on下/上車 get on well with sb.與某人相處得好 get out of從出來 get warm 變曖 g

45、et ready for +n.為做準(zhǔn)備 get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事 get well康復(fù) get a chance 有機(jī)會(huì)、得到機(jī)會(huì) get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相關(guān)：(be asleep睡著) 25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now. 而且，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)候，他們也將會(huì)做家務(wù)，因此，他們沒必要現(xiàn)在在做。 get/ become/ go辨析： get+adj較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)

46、連用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的結(jié)果 Its becoming colder and colder. go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad變壞，go blind變瞎，go hungry挨餓 26. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家為孩子們提供一個(gè)干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是父母的義務(wù)。 【解析】provide sth. for sb. 為某人提供某物 pr

47、ovide sb. with sth. (sb 前介詞用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介詞with)供應(yīng)某人某物 相當(dāng)于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 為應(yīng)急等做好準(zhǔn)備而“提供； 供給” provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物 provide offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.對(duì)某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出干某事 愿意給予側(cè)重表示“”offer 強(qiáng)調(diào)替代或補(bǔ)充所需物品” , 供應(yīng)“定期 為某人提供某物Su

48、pply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. supply The Internet provides us _a lot of information we need. 27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 無論如何，我認(rèn)為做家務(wù)并不那么難。 【解析】anyway 無論如何, (一般放在句首，用逗號(hào)和句子隔開） 28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子們來說，學(xué)習(xí)如何做雜務(wù)并幫助他們的父母做家務(wù)是很重要的。 【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說做某事是重要的 29. Children these days depend on their parents too much.現(xiàn)在的孩子太依賴他們的父母。 30. . Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每個(gè)人都