小學英語語法匯總教學ppt課件

1、小學英語語法大全八、there be結(jié)構九、句式1. 肯定句2. 否定句3. 疑問句4. 祈使句十、時態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時2. 般過去時3. 現(xiàn)在進行時4. 般將來時一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名 詞）二、人稱代詞三、冠詞四、動詞五、介詞六、數(shù)詞七、形容詞和副詞最新版整 5十一、“ wh的特殊疑問句、名詞具體名詞I抽象名詞,廠個體名詞普通名詞V集體名詞.專有名詞可數(shù)名數(shù)詞I復數(shù)1不可數(shù)名詞/英語語法中，名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式:7）單數(shù)（表示一個人或事物）2）復數(shù)（表示多于一個的人或 數(shù)）。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復數(shù)形名詞復數(shù)形式的構成形式變化規(guī)則一般情況+s以-s,-sh, -ch,+es-x,z結(jié)尾的名

2、詞大多數(shù)以-O+es結(jié)尾的名詞以元音字母加+sO結(jié)尾的名詞以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞 以f和fe結(jié)尾發(fā)音1清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后/SJ2濁輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后z；3元音結(jié)尾的名詞后/zj;izZZ例詞弋 books, cups, dogs, birds, an days, playersbus, brush, boxes, watch,tomatoes, potatoes radios, pianos把y改成/僅 再加es把f或fe zstories, families, babiesthieves, knives改成再加es1.由元音字母的變化構成：man-men, tooth-teeth, foo

3、t-feetf mouse- mice, woman-women2. 有些名詞的復數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：sheep, deer,件sb（但也可以是 fishes）3. 有些名詞變成復數(shù)時加-en:不規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)Practise7. pea ch peaches3. glass glasses 4. fox5. lady ladies7. house houses9. monkey monkeys11. rose roses13. judge judges2. zoo zoosfoxes6. policewoman policewomen8. photo photos10. wife wiv

4、es12. path paths14. mau maps9人稱代詞第二人稱ttheythemmeyyourtheirs形容詞性 物主代詞：能夠在句子中獨立 作主語、賓語或表名詞性 物主代詞：語we youus you主格：/賓格:hisitsourshisits第_人稱后跟名詞yours hers最新版整第三人稱Practise1. He （他丿 is my brother.2. I had a letter from her （她丿.3. Its all right; its only me （我丿.4. Today we （我們）went in our （我們的）car;tomorrow

5、we （莪們丿 are going in theirs（他們的）.5. 1（我）lend mY （我的丿 books gladly to 砂（我的丿 friends and to yur （你的丿.s6. Can you help me （我丿 with mY （我的丿 English.7. When You （你丿 go to see your（你的丿 father, please take these books to 砂.8. Eey （他們）foundit（它丿 difficult to learn German.雙重所有格所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加S以S結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加S

6、 不規(guī)則的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加Schildrens以-s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加 以S結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加SJamesschild-childs waitress-waitresss children-girls-girls9 James-下列情況一般用4 or結(jié)構：1. 東西（沒有現(xiàn)成的復合名詞時）:the book of the film2. 東西的一部分：the bottom of the box 3抽象的概念：the price of success律 of短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時：Cant you look af 占郢 卻秋任尸卻goy behinyou?E結(jié)構也可以用于u

7、 of9結(jié)構之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出現(xiàn)這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常只用 個限定詞，又如1 : this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers 等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the sameJoke five times.最新版整 19不定冠詞a,an +定冠詞the零冠詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞名詞前可不用冠詞不定冠詞的用法：1. 表示 j ,任何一個”或不管哪一個啲意思。/ h

8、ave a sister and two brothers2. 在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3用在單數(shù)的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級George wants to be an engineer.4. 在以wh毗引導的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。What a pretty girl!5一些常用短語中。ye aood time, half an hour, have a headache.定冠詞的用法：1. 用來表示“獨一無二”的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the

9、west2. 表示“說話的人剛剛提到過的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.3. 用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。the letter from America, the fourteenth of April4用在泛指的樂器名詞前。He plays the piano.5一些常用短語。by the way, in the morning, Whats the matter?零冠詞的用法：1. 泛指的抽象名詞前。Life is very hard for some people.2. 泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。W

10、ater is very useful.3. 泛指的復數(shù)名詞前。Books are my best friends.4. 泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5大多數(shù)的專有名詞前。He comes from France.6. 語言的名詞前。She can speak French.7. 在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winter is the best time for skating.8. 當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時。My brother is a soldier.9. 在體育項目的名詞前。play basketball 70.些常用短語。

11、 at home, go to school, at nightmother isEnglish teacher. She teaches in thrimary最新版整 27school.m4. China is 三 ancient country with _long history.5. China has 孫e population of 12 hundred million. ThOhinese peoplearegre羊 t people.6. Her mother is魚 university teacher. She is7. None of the books should

12、be taken out ofpermission oflibthGn.8. The Partv always teaches us to work forffbnest woman. thOoofi without/ people heart and soul.9. She studies atNo. 3 Middle School. She goes to盧chool bybus every day. /10. /lviy elder sister isstudent ofEnglish She studies atcollege.QI17 Monday before Spring Fes

13、tival was very cold.12. H不heou haddinner/生押前動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì) ,有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等形式的變化。小學階段所涉及的動詞主要有：實義動 詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞g日門等。am, is, areBe動 詞=was, werebeenPractiseto Japan?not a nurse / work as a doctor.1. He IS very good at English.2. My father and IQT6going to Beijing next month.3. 廠e you on duty the day bef

14、ore yesterday?4. Mr. King W3S in London two weeks ago.5. There are many kinds of animals in the zoo.6. What WQS the date yesterday?7. Look! A little girl IS flying a kite.8. Who WBS not at school last Monday?9. Have you ever b66H10動詞的基本形式原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞studydohavestudiesdoeshasstudieddidhadst

15、udieddonehadlearnslearned/l learned/learnt earntstudyingdoinghavinglearningI earn第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式情況一般情況變化規(guī)貝IJ+S結(jié)尾為s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾為輔音字母+y+es變y為i+esworks, learns, eats, needs, says passes, washes, teaches, goes, fixes carries, studies, flies, hurries, cries動詞be和have的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn) 在式分別是fs和has o動詞的過去式構成在動詞 后加ed在以e結(jié) 尾的

16、動詞 后加edlooked washed passed stayedcalledtasted neededhopedlikedlived例詞讀音 在清輔音后讀N在元音和濁輔 音后讀d在輔音t、 冋后讀id在以輔音字母 加y結(jié)尾的動 詞啟,先變y 為/再加ed在重讀閉音節(jié)或r音 節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有 一個輔音字母時， 須雙寫這個輔音字 母再加edstopped droppedstudied tried carriedplannedpreferredadmitted permitted現(xiàn)在分詞情況變化規(guī)則例詞最新版整 #一般情況 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié) 尾的動詞 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié) 尾而末尾只有一 個輔音字母的動

17、+ing去e力口 ing雙寫最后一個輔 音字母，再加ingdoing, asking, helpinghaving, taking, writing, livingrunning, swimming, putting, sitting原形第三人稱單 數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式havehashadgivegivesgavegetgetsgotreadreadsreadsweepsweepsweptplayplaysplayecarrycarries(firriedhavinggivin getting readingsweepin playingcarrying丄 Practise現(xiàn)在分詞3五、動詞的時態(tài)動

18、詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動 詞形式。小學階段所學的時態(tài)有：1 般現(xiàn)在時：work/works2. 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are working3. 般過去時：worked4. 般將來時：am/is/are going to work最新版整 29般現(xiàn)在時基本結(jié)構通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作 或目前的狀態(tài)。常與時間副詞連用：always, often, usually, every., on Sundays, twice a week 等?？隙ň浞穸ň湟话阋蓡柧銲 work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I work?

19、Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?works.She iHeItdoesnt work.廠 she i Does) he work?J it丿現(xiàn)在進行時通常表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生 或進行著的動作。它所表示的動作 具有持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性?；窘Y(jié)構常見的與現(xiàn)在進行時有關的詞有：now, these days, look, listen 等 o否定句 Pm not working Were not working. You arent working.The

20、y are working.They arent working.She He isnt working.It肯定句 I am working. We are working. You are working.一般疑問句 Am I working? Are we working? Are you working?Are they working Is he working?it般過去時基本結(jié)構通常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作H 存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用：yesterday, last.,.ago, just now, in7998 等?？隙ň浞穸ň湟话阋蓡柧?/p>

21、I worked.We worked.You worked.They worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.You didnt work.They didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?Did you work?Did they work?She、He worked.SheHe didnt work.ItSheDid he vK)rk? ftx.表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomo/Tow, next.,Be going to do表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?要做某事；也可以表示“預見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象

22、 表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。否定句一般疑問句一般將來時基本結(jié)構肯定句Im going to work.Were going to work.Youre going to work.Theyre going to work.ShJHe I/s going to work.ItIm not going to work. We arent going to work.You arent going to work.They arent going to work.She、He I isnt going to work.ItAm I going to work? Are we going to

23、work?Are you going to work?Are they going to work? seIs r)e ho/ng to work?itPractise7. Peter plays (play) basketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he said (say) just now?3. Look! The lazy cat is sleeping (sleep) in the sofa.4. There is(be) a book and two pens on the desk5. Are you going to see

24、 (see) a film tomorrow morning?6. She isnt playinqnot play) the guitar at the moment7. What doeShis father usually do(do) in the evening ?8. They are going to hay確ave) a meeting next week, arent they?9. Both he and I are (be) teachers.10.1 didnt feel (not feel) very well yesterday.11. He put on his

25、coat and wen (g丿 out.12. Lei Feng often helps (help) others and he was helpful.13. Next Sunday, weare going to c/e日牛c/ea門)up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother wm/7/門g (wait) for you at the school gate.Z.C7卜一 I六.介詞I介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系。不能單獨作勺 子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當?shù)钠渌~類、短語、從句） 前面構成介詞短語。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語。最新版

26、整理ppt#Practise、 /7. Look Qt the picture. Its picture耐school.2. There is a school building _ill my school. It has five floors. Near the school building, there is a big playground.After school, the children always play ball games there.3 My classroom is on the fifth floor. Its big and clean4. Miss Li

27、is our class teacher She comes to school earlyevery morning. She comes by bicycle Then she does morning exercises with us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a cardher. WkJove her very much.5. There are some apples O門 the tree6. -Wheres your study? -Its nexttony bedroom.7. The

28、car undethe tree is Jacks.8. The ball is behindthe door, so you cant see it.9. In front of 也e house, there are many trees.70. Listen! Someone is knoc庖瞬整禺嬴 the door.3111. There is something wrong with my computer. 宀.一二七、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞2 表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞1 112的基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, ei

29、ght, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 1319的基數(shù)詞：teeA?thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20 90的基數(shù)詞：-tytwenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety21- 29的基數(shù)：十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“ twenty-one, twenty-twof twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven

30、, twenty-eight, twenty-nine最新版整理ppt32thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.2驢位數(shù)：百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加one hundred, ftftiundred, three hundred, four hundred.five hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine, seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3千位數(shù)：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one

31、hundred and five英語中沒有“萬字個單位，所以常用 thousand來表示。ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen thousand one hundred, five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two最新版整理ppt331. 英語序數(shù)詞第779除了 first, second與也汗d有特殊形式外，其余的 都由基數(shù)詞加后綴也構成。注意：fifth, eighth, ninth 和 twelfth 的拼法。2. 十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾少中的y

32、變?yōu)? ,然后加后綴如如：twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth3十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有介9的個位數(shù)時，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個位數(shù) 用序數(shù)詞，中間用連字符。如：twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4百、千、萬等的序數(shù)詞由hundred, thousand, million等加th,前面加 有關的基數(shù)詞構成。如：one hundredth, one thousandth注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用日代替。one hundred and twenty-first 最新版整理 ppt#Practise1. There areQ days in a year.A.

33、three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC.three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2. D people visit this museum every day.A. HundredB. HundredsC. Hundred ofD. Hundreds of3. There are two A people in the meeting room.|& hundred B. hundredsC. hundreds of D. hundre

34、d ofJ4. A trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 yearsXL Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. My brother is in BjA. Three Class, One GradeB. Class Three, Grade One(C. Grade One, Class ThreeD. class three, grade one16. We are going to learnhis term*ZL book s

35、ix B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six7.We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this CjA. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-fiveB. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty fiveC. seventy-eight thousand six huiiforty-five05seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

36、8. “The year 1999H should be read nThe yearBnineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9. He will come here B tomorrow morning.AC.D.A. at fifth B. at tenC. on twoD. till tenth10. Every day he begins to do his homework A.

37、力 at ten past sevenB. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until tenWe all like theA. often years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age often11. 112. There areQpnths in a year. December is themonth of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth13.

38、 Duringcentury, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. tlB twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty14. Jenny was born.A. on July 10, 1987B. in July 10, 1987C. in 798乙 July 1(AD. on 798乙 July 10八、形容詞和副詞here, there, up, down. 方式副詞：carefully, quickly, suddenly. -2地點副詞3.時間副詞：yesterd

39、ay, today, now.副詞、是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及 全句的詞。7. The problem is very difficult2 He wrote the letters carefully.最新版整理ppt39比較級最高級+est,如:tallest, longest, fastest, soonest+st,女口 ： latest, nicest, largest雙寫最后一個字母，再+est ,如：biggest, fattest 把y改為i再+est,如: busiest, earliest在前面加most,如：most careful,most wonderful

40、lybestmost最新版整理 pptfarthest/further形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級情況一般情況以e結(jié)尾的詞以重讀閉音節(jié) 結(jié)尾的詞 以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾的詞大部分多音節(jié) 詞不規(guī)則的詞： good/well, many/much,far+er,如:taller, longer, faster, sooner+r,如:later, nicer, larger雙寫最后一個字母，再 +er,如:bigger, fatter 把y改為i再+er,如： busier, earlier 在前面加more,如： more careful, more wonderfully better more

41、 farther/further#比較級的用法t用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示“比更 些”的意思，通常用一個由從屬連詞f/ia門引導的狀語從句 來表示和什么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些成分可以省 略。如：)Helen is taller than Lucy.jHe got more information 伽門 / did.X您如極們羹說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的,我們就可以 用“日S+形容詞/副詞4日S”，形容詞不用比較級而用原級。( 在作否定比較時,可以用not as.as., not so.as.,也可 以用lessthan，如：JJimmy is as tall as his

42、father.1I dont write as/so we as HelenThis film is less interestina 也希弼專料冊E39 (十一比較級的用法3. 為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較”的方 法，這種結(jié)構后面不可跟也日門引導的比較狀語從句。如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more 日nd more beautiful.IComputers are getting smaller 日nd smaller, and computing faster / and faster.j4. 表示兩個

43、變化是一起發(fā)生的,可以把比較級形式和the 一起用,表示“越,就越的意思。如：(The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is.IThe earlier you start, the sooner you will be back.(最新版整理ppt# |Practise1. Shanghai is larger than Beijing. It is the largest city in our country, (large)2. Bill isnt as old as Mike. Tom is oldethan Mike. Who

44、isthe oldest the three boys? (old)3 Mary draws as we as Bill, and she is muchbetter thanhim at singing. (well, good)4. Spring is coming. The weather is gettingwarmendwarmer . (warm)5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. Johns computer is much more expensithgan Toms and mine. It isthe mo

45、st expensiveof the three, (expensive)6. It is a little weffer today than yesterday, (wet)7. Mrs Brown is much healthierthan she was two years ago. (healthy)8. Which do you likebe貞新簾鵠ketbaH, volleyball, or football?(Well)士Practise1. Beijingers are true friendlyto the world, (friend)2. Look! How happi

46、ly Kitty is laughing! (happy)3. I think July is hottQtian any other month in our country, (hot)4. She always listens to the teacher_ careful class. (care)5. The park is one of the most beautif/bdrks in Beijing, (beautiful)6. She speaks English, but not as well as his brother, (good)7.1 was fnghtened

47、by thefnghteningid. (frightened, frightening)8. The music sounds beautiful . (beautiful, beautifully)9. Dont make so much noise, or you will wake up the sleepingj(sleeping, asleep)10. Yesterdays concert was wonderful. Ive never heard such an(0/軸4. (excited, exciting)最新版整理ppt# |There be的結(jié)構There be表示“

48、存在有”，即當我們告訴某人某事存在（或 不存在丿常用這種結(jié)構。其中也ere是引導詞，本身無詞義 ;be為謂語動詞，后面跟的是名詞，也就是主語，也就是說there be結(jié)構的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在there be之后?？隙ň洌?There is/was a .There are/were .般疑問句:ls/Was there .?Yes, there is/was. No, there isnt/was. Are there.?Yes, there are/wereNo, there aren9t/weren9t否定句： There isnt/wasnt.There arent

49、/werent.新版整理 ppt43.Some 和一般情況下There be的結(jié)構any.some用于肯定句中，日門y用于否定句中。如：There is some milk in the bottle.There arent any pictures on the wall.1Is there anything new in todays newspaper?2.Be動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則：There is a pen and two pencils in the box.IThere are some students and a teacher in the classroom.3.

50、 特殊疑問句：(1) Whafs in the basket?There are some eggs in it2) How many students are there in your class?!There are fifty students 最新版整理 ppt44 (Practise1 . There A no tea in the cup .少.fsB . areC hasD be2 . ThereB in the next room .A . is Tom B . are some boys C are they D . is the boy3 . There is some

51、B on the plate .JA . apple B . breadC banana D . sandwich4 . There & some paper and a pen on the desk .JA . js B . areC . have D . has5 . Theres going to C in tomorrows newspapers rA . have something newB . have new somethingC . be something newD . be new something(6 . There is some milk in the bottle , A ?j!A . isnt there B . aren9t there C isnrt it D are there7 . A is there on the table ?/A . How many applesB . How much breadC . How much breadsD How many food(8 . Ther