[][]各類病毒及其繁殖方式

1、第三節(jié)第三節(jié) 各類病毒及其繁殖方式各類病毒及其繁殖方式 一、原核生物的病毒一、原核生物的病毒噬菌體噬菌體 噬菌體：噬菌體：是病毒中的一種，一般把侵染細菌、是病毒中的一種，一般把侵染細菌、 放線菌的病毒叫噬菌體。（把侵染真菌的病放線菌的病毒叫噬菌體。（把侵染真菌的病 毒叫噬真菌體）毒叫噬真菌體） 噬菌體在自然界廣泛存在，在噬菌體在自然界廣泛存在，在1995年發(fā)表的年發(fā)表的 ICTV的病毒分類與命名第六次報告中共報道的病毒分類與命名第六次報告中共報道 了了4000余種，分別劃歸為余種，分別劃歸為49個病毒科個病毒科. 據(jù)據(jù)Bradley(1967)歸納，噬菌體共有六類形態(tài)。歸納，噬菌體共有六類形態(tài)

2、。 1.形態(tài)與分類 噬菌體共有六類形態(tài)：噬菌體共有六類形態(tài)： T-系噬菌體系噬菌體T-系噬菌體是研究的最廣泛而又深入的系噬菌體是研究的最廣泛而又深入的 細菌噬菌體，按發(fā)現(xiàn)的先后順序進行從細菌噬菌體，按發(fā)現(xiàn)的先后順序進行從T1-T7編號，后來編號，后來 發(fā)現(xiàn)其中偶數(shù)者的形態(tài)都相同（蝌蚪形收縮性長尾），故發(fā)現(xiàn)其中偶數(shù)者的形態(tài)都相同（蝌蚪形收縮性長尾），故 統(tǒng)稱統(tǒng)稱T偶數(shù)噬菌體偶數(shù)噬菌體。 由于絕大多數(shù)噬菌體為蝌蚪形，現(xiàn)以由于絕大多數(shù)噬菌體為蝌蚪形，現(xiàn)以E.coli T4為例，介紹蝌蚪形噬菌體的結(jié)構(gòu)：為例，介紹蝌蚪形噬菌體的結(jié)構(gòu)： 大腸桿菌大腸桿菌T4T4噬菌體構(gòu)造噬菌體構(gòu)造 偶數(shù)噬菌體的形態(tài)構(gòu)造偶

3、數(shù)噬菌體的形態(tài)構(gòu)造 2.BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLES Two primary types of bacteriophages ： 溫和噬菌體（溫和噬菌體（temperate phragetemperate phrage）噬菌體噬菌體 感染細胞后，將其核酸整合（插入）到宿主的感染細胞后，將其核酸整合（插入）到宿主的 核核DNADNA上，并且可以隨宿主上，并且可以隨宿主DNADNA的復(fù)制而進行同的復(fù)制而進行同 步復(fù)制，在一般情況下，不引起寄主細胞裂解步復(fù)制，在一般情況下，不引起寄主細胞裂解 的噬菌體。的噬菌體。 烈性噬菌體（烈性噬菌體（virulent phage）感染細胞感

4、染細胞 后后, ,能在寄主細胞內(nèi)增殖，產(chǎn)生大量子代噬菌能在寄主細胞內(nèi)增殖，產(chǎn)生大量子代噬菌 體并引起細菌裂解的噬菌體。體并引起細菌裂解的噬菌體。 The lytic life cycle consists of the following steps: AdsorptionPenetrationReplication Maturation Release。 (1)The Lytic Life Cycle of Lytic Bacteriophages The bacteriophage binds to receptors on the bacterial cell wall. The bac

5、teriophage injects its genome into the bacteriums cytoplasm Fig. 2: Penetration Fig. 1: Adsorption The bacteriophage genome replicates and bacteriophage components begin to be produced by way of the host bacteriums metabolic machinery. The production of bacteriophage components and enzymes progresse

6、s . Fig. 4: Late Replication Fig. 3: Early Replication The bacteriophage components assemble. A bacteriophage- coded enzyme breaks down the peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall causing osmotic lysis. Fig. 6: Release Fig. 5: Maturation Phage T4 infecting its host E. coli cell Electron Micrograph

7、of a T-even Bacteriophage with a Contractile Sheath A = normal bacteriophage; B = bacteriophage after contraction of sheath A (+) RNA can be translated into viral protein. (+) and (-) strands are complementary. Transcription of Viral Nucleic Acid into Viral mRNA HpI&SMaQ%fbi1)Hx4$zq20V*&jA9NLF)mb0rV

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