高中英語作文寫作技巧(4年高考題分析

1、作文寫作技巧一、高考真題分析：試卷類型年份命題形式體裁話題卷I2014來源:學(xué),科,網(wǎng)文字+圖表應(yīng)用文+書信來源:Z。xx。k.Com暑假期間去英國學(xué)習(xí)英語，為期六周。廣告引起了你的注意。請(qǐng)給該校寫一封信，詢問有關(guān)情況。來源:2015提綱式應(yīng)用文+書信校英文報(bào)外國文化欄目擬刊登介紹美國節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請(qǐng)給美國朋友彼得寫信約稿。2016開放式應(yīng)用文+書信暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職，已寫好申請(qǐng)書和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(resume)。給外教Mr Jenkins 寫信，請(qǐng)她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。2017提綱式應(yīng)用文+電子郵件假定你是李華，正在教你的英國朋友Leslie學(xué)習(xí)漢語。

2、請(qǐng)你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。卷II2014提綱式說明文英語報(bào)社向中學(xué)生征文，主題是十年后的我。2015提綱式應(yīng)用文+郵件計(jì)劃和同學(xué)去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人們過重陽節(jié)(the Double Ninth Festival)。請(qǐng)給外教Lucy寫封郵件，邀她一同前往。2016提綱式應(yīng)用文+書信校攝影俱樂部(photography club)將舉辦國際中學(xué)攝影展。請(qǐng)給你的英國朋友Peter寫封信。請(qǐng)他提供作品。2017提綱式應(yīng)用文+電子郵件想邀請(qǐng)外教Henry一起參觀中國剪紙（paper-cutting）藝術(shù)展。卷III2016提綱式說明文與留學(xué)生朋友Bob約好一起去書店，因故不能

3、赴約。請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件。2017提綱式應(yīng)用文+電子郵件你所在的校乒乓球隊(duì)正在招收新隊(duì)員。請(qǐng)給你的留學(xué)生朋友Eric寫封郵件邀請(qǐng)他加入通過以上分析不難看出，在命題指向和規(guī)律上，全國卷書面表達(dá)有以下幾個(gè)明顯的特點(diǎn)： 1. 寫作形式：仍為半控制性、半開放式寫作，以提綱方式呈現(xiàn)材料，詞數(shù)100左右；2. 寫作體裁：命題仍然是多年來沿用的書信或電子郵件，交際性、應(yīng)用性強(qiáng)；3. 寫作話題：貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)和學(xué)生生活實(shí)際，學(xué)生比較熟悉，以第一人稱寫作為主，話題場(chǎng)景性和真實(shí)性突出，體現(xiàn)中外交流和正能量；4. 寫作手法：介紹性說明占主體(說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、過程等)，輔以交際性應(yīng)用(解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的實(shí)際問題)?！驹囶}特

4、征】 1. 短文提示類 用漢語給出一段短文提示，要求根據(jù)提示寫一篇短文，所考查的形式靈活多樣，如人物介紹、地點(diǎn)介紹、申請(qǐng)、道歉、邀請(qǐng)等。2. 要點(diǎn)提示類 這是比較常見的一種方式，此類題目用漢語提綱列舉幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)，提出寫作要求。寫作時(shí)要首先根據(jù)要點(diǎn)確定文章的中心思想，然后圍繞中心思想和要點(diǎn)展開合理和適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)想。 3. 表格提示類 試題采用表格的形式給出要點(diǎn)，寫作時(shí)首先要將表格中的要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)個(gè)完整的句子，然后根據(jù)文章的中心話題和要求，把這些要點(diǎn)連句成段，連段成篇。 【寫作步驟】 1. 細(xì)讀提示，認(rèn)真審題 其環(huán)節(jié)包括：審體裁：提綱作文的體裁一般有書信、電子郵件、報(bào)道、 通知、日記等； 定人稱：第一

5、人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱；定時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。 2. 緊扣主題，組織要點(diǎn) 雖然提綱式作文的要點(diǎn)似乎已經(jīng)定好了，但考生仍要把內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)逐個(gè)完整地列出來。 3. 選詞造句，初步成文 在體裁明確、信息全面、要點(diǎn)清晰的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)要點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)詞匯的句法功能、句子的語法規(guī)則，按照提示或說明中所提供的事實(shí)和情節(jié)發(fā)展的順序遣詞造句，然后將零散的句子組成主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)、脈絡(luò)分明、合乎邏輯、內(nèi)容完整的短文。2）真題再現(xiàn)Writing (2017新課標(biāo)全國卷II)假定你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)外教Henry一起參觀中國剪紙（paper-cutting）藝術(shù)展。請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.展覽時(shí)

6、間、地點(diǎn)；2.展覽內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Henry，Im Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know youre interested in one of Chinese traditional art formspapercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it. Itll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening tim

7、e is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. You know we

8、Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of paper-cuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua Writing (2016新課標(biāo)全國卷II)假定你是李華

9、，你校攝影俱樂部（photography club）將舉辦國際中學(xué)攝影展。請(qǐng)給你的英國朋友Peter寫封信，請(qǐng)他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括： 1主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)； 2展覽時(shí)間； 3投稿郵箱：intlphotoshow.注意： 1詞數(shù)100左右； 2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Peter,Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. I

10、t will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.

11、This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow.Hope to hear from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 3）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)21-25分 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；運(yùn)用了多樣的句式和豐富的詞匯；語法或用詞方面有個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤，但為盡可能表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容所致；體現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力；有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，所寫內(nèi)容連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。16-20

12、分 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；運(yùn)用的句式和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)要求；語法和用詞基本準(zhǔn)確，少許錯(cuò)誤主要為盡可能表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容所致；使用了簡(jiǎn)單的語句間連接成分，所寫內(nèi)容連貫。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。11-15分 基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；運(yùn)用的句式和詞匯基本滿足任務(wù)要求；語法和用詞方面有一些錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解?；具_(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。6-10分 未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。漏掉或未描述清楚主要內(nèi)容；所用句式和詞匯有限；語法或用詞方面的錯(cuò)誤影響了對(duì)所寫內(nèi)容的理解。未能清楚地傳達(dá)信息。1-5分 未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容；句式單調(diào)、詞匯貧乏；語法或用詞方面錯(cuò)誤較

13、多，嚴(yán)重影響了對(duì)所寫內(nèi)容的理解。2、 技巧講解1.消滅字?jǐn)?shù)困擾1)：地點(diǎn)狀語從句的用法1. Where there is A, there is B. 翻譯：有A的地方，就有B. （A/B名詞、代詞、Ving等） 如： 有電腦的地方就有便利。Where there is a computer, there is convenience. 有便利的地方就有舒適的生活。 2. 【考查點(diǎn)】如從句主語為代詞，則不可倒裝。如：Where there I am, there is happiness.3. 該句式還可衍化為：Where there is A, there is a chance for u

14、s to do sth 有A的地方就有機(jī)會(huì)做如：有電腦的地方，就有機(jī)會(huì)讓我們享受便利。 Where there is A, there is no B. 有A的地方就沒有B如：有警察的地方，就沒有賊。 Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B.有人們做.的地方就有B如：Where there is a place where people enjoy convenience, there is easy life.有人們不亂扔垃圾的地方，就整潔的生活。 Where there is a place where people d

15、o sth,there is a chance for us to do sth有人們能做的地方，我們就有機(jī)會(huì)做如：人們喝酒的地方，就有可能發(fā)生事故。 2）：非限定性定語從句的用法本節(jié)講解的非限定性定語從句為： I.句子，from which we can see that+陳述句 II.句子，because of which we can see that+陳述句1.【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】前提：必須是某句之后，不可單獨(dú)成句。如：Two heads are better than one，from which we can see that we should put our heads together

16、.He did not come back that night, because of which he was punished the next day.3）：兩個(gè)句式結(jié)合的寫法,from which we can see that+陳述句，because of which we can see that+陳述句 Where there is A, there is a chance for us to do sth Where there is A, there is no B. Where there is a place where people do sth, there is

17、B.Where there is a place where people do sth,there is a chance for us to do sthWhere there is A, there is B. VS例題精析【例題1】翻譯：有他的地方，就沒有憂愁，由此我們可以看到我們應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)他一起去出游。_【例題2】翻譯：Where there is a Bole, there is a chance for us to see real Qianli horse, because of which we can see that finding a real Bole is your

18、job now._【例題3】翻譯：有人們抵制作弊的地方，就有好的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)氣，由此我們可以看到是該抵制作弊時(shí)候了。_4）.what名詞性從句用法 A is to B what C is to D. 翻譯：A之于B就像C之于D. （A/B名詞、代詞、Ving等，而Ved/ because結(jié)構(gòu)/句子） 如：食物對(duì)于人就像水對(duì)于魚。 Food is to people what water is to fish. 夢(mèng)想對(duì)于我們就像目標(biāo)對(duì)于船。 Dream is to us what aim is to boat. 練習(xí)： 如果你是李華，你的老師即將離開回國，他給你們帶來了很多的趣味性學(xué)習(xí)手段，你替大家寫

19、幾句話，感謝老師的教誨。 Your help is to us what sunshine is to plants, because of which I should say thank you to you, so I believe it is time that I sent this gift to you. Where there you are, there is happiness, from which we believe you can also enjoy a happy life.5): What名詞性從句的用法1. what matters most in A i

20、s B, from which we can see that B is very important, instead of C. 翻譯：在A里最重要的就是B，由此我們可以看到B是最重要的，而不是C。注意：A/B/CVing/to do/從句/名詞/代詞 A/B/CVed/句子/because結(jié)構(gòu)What matters most in whether we should take cellphones is whether we could control ourselves, from which we can see that we should learn how to contro

21、l ourselves.Awhether we should take cellphonesBwhether we could control ourselves 在是否我們應(yīng)該帶手機(jī)這個(gè)問題上最重要的就是是否我們可以控制自己，由此我們可以看到我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何控制自己。2. 【考查點(diǎn)】如果是A/B/C一句陳述句的話，那么就變成名詞性從句，給前面加上that即可。（that一般不能省略的哦）。如：What matters most in your problem is that there is no logic in you words, because of which I suggest

22、that you have a look before a leap.3. 該句式還可衍化為：What matters most in A is not B but C, from which we can see that C is very important, instead of D. 在A里最重要的不是B而是C，由此我們可以看到C是最重要的，而不是D。A/B/C/DVing/to do/從句/名詞/代詞 A/B/C/DVed/句子/because結(jié)構(gòu)Eg: What matters most in whether we students can take cellphones is

23、whether we can control ourselves，from which we can see that the better we can control ourselves, the more properly we can take cellphones. Eg: What matters most in writing a good composition is not how many words you have written but whether what you have written has something to do with the given t

24、opic, from which we can see that the content is very important, instead of how many words you have written or others.Eg: 學(xué)生中討論最多的一個(gè)問題就是：how to learn English well?請(qǐng)以學(xué)長身份對(duì)此進(jìn)行回答，說明你的觀點(diǎn)： 學(xué)英語必須要使用，而不單是記單詞； 必須了解一些關(guān)于西方的文化知識(shí)便于語言的理解； 雖然經(jīng)常有遺忘單詞情況，需要找到合適方法進(jìn)行鞏固；注：120詞左右，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫； What matters most in learnin

25、g English is not only remembering words but remembering structures. Whats more, you should use them everyday. It is not how many words you have learned that matters, but whether you use them frequently. As we know, where there is a chance for you to use what you have learned, there is a chance for y

26、ou to improve your English. Leaning English is very useful, after which you can not only know some western cultures but also can communicate with the foreigners easily. Of course you have have difficulty in remembering the words, and often forget what you have learned. The more you use what you have

27、 learned, the more you will remember them. After all, practice makes perfect! Only in this way can you learn English well.2.寫作框架：三段式文字信息類可涵蓋不同的文體(應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文、議論文)。在寫作時(shí),通?？蓪⑷姆譃槿?這可謂不同文體的通用模板： 第一段(開頭)：用得體準(zhǔn)確的開頭語來切入主題,點(diǎn)明主題。常用的開頭語有：(1) Im very glad to have the chance to speak here.(2) It gives me great

28、 pleasure to speak here.(3) As a student, I consider.(4) We had a heated discussion about/on.(5) Im writing this letter to.第二段(文中)：緊扣主題、整合要點(diǎn),擴(kuò)展發(fā)揮。在此段的寫作中一定要注意句子的銜接與過渡。文中銜接常用句式：(1) The main reason why.is that.(2) The reasons are as follows.(3) Take.for example.(4) First of all/Besides/Whats more/Fina

29、lly.we should not neglect that.(5) Wonderful as.is, however, it has its own disadvantages as well.(6) As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the first/second view.第三段(結(jié)尾)：文章的結(jié)尾應(yīng)做到干凈、利落,用一到兩句話闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或立場(chǎng)即可。結(jié)尾常用句式：(1) Taking all these into account/consideration, we may safely reach the conclusion th

30、at.(2) So we must take measures to.應(yīng)用文常用句型及習(xí)慣表達(dá)：1. 書信開頭I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高興收到你的來信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的來信。Hows it going? 最近怎么樣？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me give you some advice. 你在來信中詢問我，現(xiàn)在讓我給你一些建議。 It has been

31、a long time since we met. 我們很久沒見面了。 How time flies! Its three months since I saw you last time. 時(shí)間過得真快！我們有三個(gè)月沒見面了。 Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我寫信是為了感謝你對(duì)我在美國期間的幫助。 2. 結(jié)尾 I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的來信。 I am looking forward to your early re

32、ply. 我期待您早日回復(fù)。Please write to me as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好運(yùn)！ With best wishes. 致以我誠摯的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 請(qǐng)代我向你的家人問好。 Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 請(qǐng)盡快回信，我將不勝感激。 【常用句式】一、

33、書信類應(yīng)用文常用句式 1. Im glad to receive your letter asking 很高興收到你的來信，詢問2. I am glad to hear that you will enter college and with my great pleasure Ill give you some suggestions on我很高興得知你將進(jìn)入大學(xué)，并且很榮幸能就方面給你提一些建議。 3. With regard to(matter, problem) you mentioned in your letter, my suggestion is 關(guān)于你在信中提到的問題，我建議

34、4. Concerning your request, I would like to offer my advice on. 對(duì)于你的請(qǐng)求，我想就提出我的建議。 5. I have learned from the newspaper that your company wanted I am very interested in this position. 從報(bào)紙上得知，貴公司需要一名我對(duì)此職位很感興趣。6. Im writing to get some help about. 我給你寫信是為了尋求的幫助。 7. I am writing to complain about. 我寫信想抱

35、怨 8. I hope you. 我希望你 9. (Im)Looking forward to hearing from you. (我)期盼收到你的來信。 (二、觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類常用句式 1. Some people believe. 一些人認(rèn)為 2. From my point view/ I think. 依我看/我認(rèn)為3. They hold the view that for他們因堅(jiān)持他們的觀點(diǎn)。4. The reason is/whyis that的原因是5. As far as Im concerned, I firmly support 而言，我堅(jiān)決支持觀點(diǎn)。6. No one ca

36、n deny the fact that沒有人能夠否定這一事實(shí)三、地點(diǎn)介紹類常用句式 1. Located in West China, the newly-built city 這一個(gè)新建城市，它坐落在中國西部。 2. .is a lively city with a long history, where you can see ancient and modern cultures together. 是一個(gè)擁有悠久歷史的充滿活力的大都市，在那里古代文明和現(xiàn)代文化交織在一起。 3. Its a popular tourist attraction. There are many. 這是一

37、個(gè)很受歡迎的旅游勝地，那兒有許多4. It is the earliest/ largest.ever found in China. 人這是迄今為止在中國發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的/最大的)3. 高分秘訣（1） 技巧一 ：高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句式 （2）a. 精準(zhǔn)選詞。In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult.In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.I received your email last week, but Im busy prepa

38、ring for my final exam, which is important for me, so I didnt reply to you without delay.I received your email last week, but Im busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital for me, so I didnt reply to you without delay.b. 盡量避免過多地使用某一個(gè)單詞，必要時(shí)選擇使用其他恰當(dāng)?shù)耐x詞或詞組來代替。 I like reading while my brother lik

39、es watching football matches. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.c. 短語優(yōu)先，增加文采 To achieve ones dream, one must try to equip oneself with rich knowledge and set a goal easy to reach. To achieve ones dream, one must make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge a

40、nd set a goal easy to reach.Whats more, we can pour out the troubles we face, and release our pressure from different aspects. Whats more, we can pour out the troubles we are faced with, and release our pressure from different aspects.（2）技巧二：使用高級(jí)句式a. 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài) So people need enough water to feed such a

41、 large population. So enough water is needed to feed such a large population. Im delighted to know that the Shanghai Museum will organize a famous art exhibition and you are collecting opinions of the public as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encouraged me to write to express my

42、ideas. Im delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encouraged me to write to express my ideas.b. 使用倒裝句 Better still, it writes so smoothly that it can

43、contribute to making our handwriting better. Better still, so smoothly does it write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better. The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.Only in this way can the children grow up mentally and physically healthy.c. 使用省略句 E

44、nglish words are easily forgotten unless they are constantly repeated.English words are easily forgotten unless constantly repeated.If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time. If so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.d. 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句 We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we