完成句子 詳解

1、完成句子專題一動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)專題二 各種從句專題三 非謂語動詞專題四 形容詞、副詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu)專題五 特殊句式與主謂一致專題六 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞考綱解讀湖北高考英語科考試說明指出，完成句子這一題型測試的重點(diǎn)是英語語言知識的綜合運(yùn)用，注重考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力；2009年湖北高考英語科補(bǔ)充說明又指出，該部分“測試考生準(zhǔn)確使用英語語法、詞匯進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力”； 在試題的排列形式上，完成句子是書面表達(dá)部分的第一節(jié)，也即書面表達(dá)的前奏曲。由此可見，完成句子像書面表達(dá)一樣是在考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語語言表達(dá)的能力。該題型既考查英語語法知識，又兼顧詞類的搭配和句型的變化，

2、既考查了學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，又能在科學(xué)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架下區(qū)分不同層次的學(xué)生，對于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生更加注重對英語基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握有很好的導(dǎo)向作用。命題特點(diǎn)1命題策略 在具體的語景中，考查英語語言知識的綜合運(yùn)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)語言知識和語法知識的縱橫搭配，凸顯“語言語法語境”三位一體的命題理念。測試方式由顯性的選擇性測試演變成隱性的寫作性測試。加強(qiáng)和升華了語法知識在具體語境中的運(yùn)用，更好地體現(xiàn)了語言的交際性原則。并以此為基點(diǎn)，考查考生的語言輸出能力，即綜合運(yùn)用語言語法知識的能力。2命題方式 每道題在一句話中留出空白，要求考生根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示，用句末括號內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子。使用給定詞的約束來決定答案的唯一性或盡

3、可能單一性，避免多樣性和復(fù)雜化，以增加閱卷的便利性。3命題范圍 根據(jù)近四年的高考試題來看，試題以考查語法為主，考點(diǎn)遷移轉(zhuǎn)換快、輻射面廣，一年一個側(cè)重點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容涉及到高中階段考綱要求掌握的所有重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目。比如：2007年考查了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、情態(tài)動詞等； 2008年考查了形容詞最高級、倒裝句和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等；2009年考查了動名詞作主語、虛擬語氣等；2010年考查了同位語從句、非限制性定語從句等。4題干特點(diǎn) 試題的題干較長、語境豐富。2010年10道題的詞數(shù)幾乎全部超出了10個詞，其中第79題的詞數(shù)超出了20個。試題的材料來源豐富多彩，語境氛圍濃厚，題目的選材設(shè)計(jì)極富真實(shí)性、時(shí)代性和交際性。比如：2

4、008年第40題關(guān)于5.12汶川大地震后的抗震救災(zāi)，很有時(shí)代感；2010年第74題關(guān)于房價(jià)下跌，是關(guān)注民生的話題。5答案特點(diǎn) 根據(jù)近3年湖北完成句子題型看，該題的答案由三個明顯特征：第一，詞控性。幾乎80%的答案詞數(shù)都控制在4個或4個詞以內(nèi)，只有23個題會達(dá)到57個詞。第二，唯一性。為了閱卷的便利，答案的設(shè)置越來越精巧，答案的唯一性也越來越強(qiáng)。第三，集中性。隨著該題型的日趨完善，答案的命題越來越科學(xué)。一道題中綜合考查多個語法和詞匯知識的題目越來越少，一般情況下都是一個題目凸顯一項(xiàng)重要的語法概念，多點(diǎn)考查的現(xiàn)象越來越淡化。應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛完成句子涉及的考點(diǎn)廣泛，既包含對語法知識的考查，又包含對語言知識的

5、考查，還有對考生邏輯思維能力和翻譯能力的綜合考查。因此，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要從下面幾個方面著手完成句子的備考：一、強(qiáng)化語法概念，積累知識儲備 正如前面分析到的那樣，完成句子的題型其實(shí)是加強(qiáng)和升華了語法知識在具體語境中的運(yùn)用。因此，在專題復(fù)習(xí)中，要加強(qiáng)對重要語法項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞、定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝和虛擬語氣等主要語法項(xiàng)目，弄清基本概念，掌握基本規(guī)律，積累牢固扎實(shí)的知識，并且要以完成句子的形式進(jìn)行科學(xué)規(guī)范的訓(xùn)練。二、樹立結(jié)構(gòu)意識，規(guī)范答題步驟 即要把分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、分析句子成分的思想運(yùn)用到“完成句子”中來?！巴瓿删渥印笨疾榈膶ο笠话闶且粋€短語

6、、某個詞的固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語或特殊句型。這些無不和句子結(jié)構(gòu)息息相關(guān)。具體說來要從以下幾個解題步驟入手：1通讀句子，找出考點(diǎn) 考生在通讀句子后，迅速地捕捉到句子大意并根據(jù)提示詞確定考題的信息點(diǎn)是非常關(guān)健的。如：_(我們將如何制定這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃)has been explained early by the teacher.(plan)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這里要補(bǔ)充一個主語，即主語從句；而提示詞plan和“制定計(jì)劃”讓我們獲取短語make/work out a plan所以，該題考查的測試點(diǎn)包括：(1)名詞性從句的用法；(2)plan的固定搭配。最后形成答案：how we will make/work o

7、ut the plan。2寫出考點(diǎn)，適當(dāng)篩選 英語課作為一門語言課，一種交際工具，它的功能在于它的應(yīng)用性和實(shí)踐性；英語詞匯作為一種語言符號，同樣的符號會有不同的表現(xiàn)形式或者構(gòu)成不同的搭配。比如，all our supply of food_(已用完) (run). 首先，表示“用完”并且和run搭配的詞組有run out, run out of，通過篩選，選擇符合語境的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)是run out；然后結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)確立正確答案為has run out3發(fā)散思維，完成句子 發(fā)散思維是和聚合思維或單一思維相對應(yīng)的。它從心理學(xué)角度引導(dǎo)我們要從盡可能多的角度、百花齊放式地思考問題，以達(dá)到全面而準(zhǔn)確地解答

8、問題的目的。把它引用到完成句子中是很有必要的。一道完成句子題正確答案的得出是要經(jīng)過多個過程的，而每一個過程之間又是緊密聯(lián)系的，忽視其中任何一個環(huán)節(jié)都將帶來前功盡棄的后果。如：2010湖北 _(不會用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)解答此題要經(jīng)過以下步驟：第一步，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子成分缺少主語；第二步，根據(jù)提示詞得出考點(diǎn)短語be (not) able to/ be unable to；第三步，根據(jù)語法知識確立正確答案：not being able to use/ bei

9、ng unable to use。我們經(jīng)常會看到這種情形：很多考生10道題都做了，但是得分不多。究其原因不是一無所知，而是思維狹窄、單一，以致疏忽大意而顧此失彼，環(huán)環(huán)扣分。一個人的思維方式的形成是和良好的行為習(xí)慣是分不開的。因此，考生要早日養(yǎng)成細(xì)致而周密的發(fā)散思維習(xí)慣。多做一些相關(guān)練習(xí)以提高多角度思考問題和解決問題的能力。4.查漏補(bǔ)缺，不忘檢查 俗話說：智者千慮，必有一失。 況且完成句子還有嚴(yán)格的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，答案確立后一定要細(xì)心檢查，縝密考慮。建議從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行檢查： (1)語法完整。在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，語法知識是熟練運(yùn)用英語語言的關(guān)鍵，是考生提高基本技能的基石。 在完成句子這一題型中，語法

10、考點(diǎn)主要覆蓋以下內(nèi)容：主謂一致；時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)；非謂語動詞；名詞性從句；定語從句；狀語從句；動詞的過去式與過去分詞；倒裝句；情態(tài)動詞 完成時(shí)的用法；以及形容詞和副詞的比較級等。檢查時(shí)注意主謂一致問題，時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)問題，指代問題，助動詞誤用或亂用問題。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)完整。完整的結(jié)構(gòu)包括完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和正確的習(xí)慣搭配?？键c(diǎn)中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)會涉及到強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句、there be句型，動詞賓語賓補(bǔ)，祈使句，比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)等。而習(xí)慣搭配則需要考生熟練掌握并能靈活運(yùn)用。 (3) 意義完整。完整的意義強(qiáng)調(diào)所填之詞在句意邏輯上的合理性，所用的英文詞形詞性及搭配與漢語提示相吻合。避免句法、詞法錯誤。句法主要

11、包括主、謂、賓的關(guān)系問題。詞法主要包括詞形誤用、詞性混用、詞義亂用、搭配不當(dāng)以及冠詞問題等等。 (4) 情景完整。完整的情景要求考生在預(yù)測語言情境的前提下選用最佳的語法形式和最佳的詞匯搭配。(5)書寫正確。書寫錯誤包括錯詞、別詞、誤寫等，因此建議答題時(shí)不要連筆，書寫應(yīng)仔細(xì)、工整、清楚、悅目。最后還應(yīng)該有一個核對過程，確保審題的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和思考的周密能清楚無誤地體現(xiàn)在答題卡上。 總之，要想提高完成句子的表達(dá)能力，在日常的英語學(xué)習(xí)中一定要加強(qiáng)積累，注意語境，重視語法知識和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)習(xí)，并在廣泛的閱讀中加以領(lǐng)悟和實(shí)踐。同時(shí)養(yǎng)成良好的解題習(xí)慣，形成縝密的思維習(xí)慣，細(xì)致全面，追求完美，千萬不可顧此失彼。 專

12、題一動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)專題導(dǎo)讀從近四年湖北卷的完成句子題型看，對動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查一直是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。試題在考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的同時(shí)，還同時(shí)兼顧其他語法內(nèi)容的測試，比如各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝等，其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點(diǎn)尤為明顯。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要牢固掌握考綱規(guī)定的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)(即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí))，并結(jié)合高考試題找出考點(diǎn)軌跡，作出科學(xué)合理的復(fù)習(xí)。真題再現(xiàn)12010湖北 last nights tv news said that by then the death of the missing people _(未證實(shí))yet. (

13、prove) had not been proved考查過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。結(jié)合by then以及句意“事實(shí)未被證實(shí)”，所以用被動形式。22009湖北 if times_(變了)，have our ways of thinking changed too? (change) have changed32009湖北 _(任何計(jì)劃好了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever) whatever one has planned/whatever has been planned 考查主語從句和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。從提示詞看，這

14、里用whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句；主句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從動作的先后順序看，先計(jì)劃好，然后再付諸實(shí)施，因此“計(jì)劃了”用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。42008湖北 with the rapid development of science and technology, i cant imagine _(我的家鄉(xiāng)會是什么樣子)in ten years.(what) what my hometown will be/look like考查動詞短語、賓語從句和一般將來時(shí)。 52008湖北 at present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine_(正在運(yùn)往)from a

15、ll over china and other parts of the world to the earthquakestricken areas.(transport) are being transported考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。本題需要仔細(xì)推敲句子所提供的語境，采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，并且主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式。62007湖北 the fact _(他失敗了數(shù)次)makes him very upset. (he, fail) that he has failed (for) several times考查同位語從句和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。7the church tower which

16、 _(修復(fù))will be open to tourists soon. the work is almost finished. (restore) is being restored考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動語態(tài)。restore意思為“修復(fù)”，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中。8i walked slowly through the market, where people _(銷售)all kinds of fruits and vegetables. i studied the prices carefully and bought what i needed. (sell) w

17、ere selling考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“i studied the prices carefully and bought what i needed”的提示可判斷此處表示“人們當(dāng)時(shí)正在出售各種水果和蔬菜”，即表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動作。9were you surprised by the ending of the film? no, i _(讀過), so i already knew the story.(read)had read the book考查過去完成時(shí)。在“knew”前已看過，表示“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。10mother wanted to be a good p

18、rovider, a role she_ (一直肩負(fù))since her marriage to father. (shoulder) has been shouldering考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在本句since 表示自從過去到現(xiàn)在， 所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。專題預(yù)測1in a room above the store, where a party_(即將舉行), some workers were busily setting the table. (hold) was to be /was going to be/would be held2so far effective measures

19、 _(采取)by our government to reduce the effect of financial crisis. (take) have been taken3i decide to leave the company next month, where i_(工作)for exactly three years. (work) will have worked語境說的是下個月，因此用將來完成時(shí)表示截止到將來某個時(shí)候的延續(xù)動作。4the first time i_ (遇到他), he was working in a computer company. (come) came

20、 across him這里表示第一次做某事時(shí)，狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)。5by the time jane gets home, her aunt_(抵達(dá))london to attend a meeting.(head) will have headed for從句by the time 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)。6the careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident _(發(fā)生)yesterday. (happen) that happened用一般過去時(shí)與過去的時(shí)間狀語呼應(yīng)。7he_(寫文章)for our wallnewspap

21、er these years, and he has written about 40 articles.(write) has been writing articles由語境可知，這些年來他一直在寫文章，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。8he told me to buy some bread on my way home from work, but i_(忘了這件事). (forget) forgot about it9tom, you _(總在撒謊)to us. its really a bad habit. (always) are always telling lies10the dinne

22、r is delicious! im so full. but some dessert _(已經(jīng)點(diǎn)了). (order) has been ordered一些點(diǎn)心已經(jīng)點(diǎn)了，還沒端上桌子，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。11as soon as he comes back, ill tell him when_(開會). (hold) the meeting will be held12this afternoon_(我收到一封信)from my uncle tom, saying that he would drop in on me in two days. (arrive) a letter f

23、or me arrived考查一般過去時(shí)。從提示詞看，這里用a letter for me arrived表示“給我的一封信到了”，用一般過去時(shí)。13i feel quite upsetmy brother _(一直沒有給我寫信) since he went to britain three months ago. (line) hasnt dropped me a line考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和動詞短語，從提示詞看，“寫信”用drop sb. a line。14although he_(住在倫敦) for a long time, he didnt regret his decision to r

24、eturn to his own country. (stay) stayed in london考查一般過去時(shí)。句中有延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語，但這表示與現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)的過去動作，用一般過去時(shí)。15i will come back at ten, and by that time the guests we have invited_(已經(jīng)來了). (come) will have come16i am told that a number of my classmates_(去旅行) to beijing tomorrow. (take) are taking a trip/will take a

25、 trip17one more moment, tom. when i_(賣完)the newspapers, i will go with you to the cafe. (sell) sell out18the habitat(棲息地) of the species _(正遭到破壞)and the species are dying out. (destroy) is being destroyed動詞destroy表示“破壞，毀滅”，從語境的提示看，這里用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)is being destroyed。19the forest is disappearing fast as

26、many people_ (砍伐樹木)and using the land for farming. (cut) are cutting down the trees考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和動詞短語搭配?！翱撤ァ庇胏ut down，這里用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。20what you should keep in mind is that what you have learned in this course_(將會塑造你們的生活) in the future. (shape) will shape your life考查一般將來時(shí)。這里shape用作動詞表示“塑造”，用一般將來時(shí)。專題二各種從句專題導(dǎo)讀這里所說

27、的從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句，表語從句，狀語從句和定語從句。與多項(xiàng)選擇題不同，湖北卷完成句子題型對從句的考查非常復(fù)雜，它不單純考查連接詞，還涉及謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)以及詞的搭配。試題一般不給出連接詞，而是把連接詞也作為考查的測試點(diǎn)之一。因此考查的綜合性強(qiáng)，難度也比較大?；仡櫧哪甑母呖荚囶}，各種從句的考查幾乎全都涉及到。考生答題時(shí)要善于結(jié)合語境，正確判斷各種從句以及相對應(yīng)的連接詞，并能兼顧其他知識進(jìn)行綜合考慮，這是至關(guān)重要的。真題再現(xiàn)12010湖北 _(正如我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (str

28、ess) as we have stressed22010湖北 my mother was so proud of all _(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to beijing. (do)(that) i had done考查定語從句。先行詞是 “all”等不定代詞的時(shí)候，定語從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo)，又因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^去時(shí)，“我”所做的事情是過去已經(jīng)完成的事情，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。32010湖北 the news _(房價(jià)將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower pr

29、ices. (fall) that house prices will fall考查同位語從句。 4such knowledge is still useful _(當(dāng)應(yīng)用) to similar situations in other countries. (when) when (it is) applied5as a new graduate, he doesnt know _(需要什么)to start a business here.(take) what it takes6it is uncertain _(這種藥物會帶來什么樣的副作用), although about two t

30、housand patients have taken it. (bring) what side effect the medicine will bring about本題考查主語從句。第一步，寫出短語bring about, what side effect; 第二步，根據(jù)句意確立時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)。最后寫出答案。7the city_(我成長的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)in which/where i grew up考查定語從句和一般過去時(shí)。本題的解題難點(diǎn)在于判斷定語從句的連詞。這里用in which或where引導(dǎo)定語從句，連詞在定語從句

31、中作地點(diǎn)狀語。8today, we will begin _(我們昨天結(jié)束的地方)so that no point will be left out. (stop) where we stopped yesterday考查狀語從句。用where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。9the newly built caf， the walls of_(漆成淡綠色), is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (paint)which are painted light green考查“介詞 關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句。由句式確立為定

32、語從句，此處用which指代caf，根據(jù)句意寫出短語be painted light green，最后形成答案。10the settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _(離開村子里的家)for a better life in the city. (leave) whom left their village homes考查“介詞 關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句以及一般過去時(shí)。此處用whom指代nearly 1,000 people，根據(jù)句意寫出短語leave their village homes，最后形成答案。專題預(yù)測1_(不管你給我什么

33、樣的禮物), it means you have thought of me. (whichever) whichever gift you give me本句中whichever相當(dāng)于no matter which，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。2such was the force of the explosion_(所有的窗戶都被震碎了)(break) that all the windows were broken本題是suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。3children should be encouraged to explore _(任何感到好奇的事情)(whatever) whateve

34、r they are curious about本題是whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。4hearing the sound, he stood up and looked in the direction_(它來的). (come) where it came from5i find that i cant tear myself away from the two books. _(他們的共同之處)is that they are both entertaining and instructive, telling us how to deal with stress problems. (

35、have) what they have in common考查主語從句和短語搭配。這里用what引導(dǎo)主語從句，have sth. in common表示“有相同的地方”。6it has been ten years since he _(參軍). (join) joined the army從句意看，這里用since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)。7could you please tell me_(我如何處理) the naughty children? ( attend) how i will attend to用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示方式，“處理”用attend to。8_(不管我

36、多么努力) to read it, i still couldnt figure out what the article was about. (try) no matter how/however hard i tried考查讓步狀語從句和一般過去時(shí)。這里用no matter how hard或however hard引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“無論如何”。9tom, dont you realize that is_(你的錯誤所在)? (be) where your mistake is10while i agree with most of what you said, i dont agr

37、ee with your viewpoint_(這個實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了). (failure) that the experiment is a failure考查同位語從句。這里用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句指前面提到的viewpoint的具體內(nèi)容。11_(正如你知道的那樣), your grades are failing. you should spend less time on the baseball field and more on your subjects. (know) as you know12the boy，_(家庭貧窮), has to spend almost an hour

38、walking to his school every morning. (poor) whose family is poor從語境看， 用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。“家里很窮”，謂語用單數(shù)形式。13mrs. black took the police back to the same place_(她目睹了)the robbery. (witness) where she had witnessed從題干看，這里用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，連詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用過去完成時(shí)表示先于主句發(fā)生的動作。14the experience, im sure, will make a good memo

39、ry and may even change_(你看待生活的方式). (think) the way (that/in which) you think about life15i suggest that you consider our opinions carefully_(在你做決定之前)on anything. (decide) before you decide16_(至于)traffic rules, i often come across such cases where the local drivers obviously know them but wont follow

40、 them. (come) when it comes to表示“至于，談到”用when it comes to，用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。17the matter has reached a point _(雙方不得 )go to court. (have) where the two sides will have to定語從句的先行詞是point、situation、case、position，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。18_(會議已經(jīng)推遲)till next monday is informed on the board.(put) that the mee

41、ting has been put off考查主語從句、動詞短語、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。19the old man said that if _(他們所做的是對的), he would help them. (right) what they did was right20some people have told me that once you enter the university, you will be free to study_(你感興趣的任何東西). (whatever) whatever you are interested in考查賓語從句。給出了提示詞whatever，

42、這無疑降低了本題的難度，用whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示“無論什么”。專題三非謂語動詞專題導(dǎo)讀非謂語動詞以其形式多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、內(nèi)涵豐富、功能較多而成為高中英語教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)測試項(xiàng)目。從近幾年湖北高考英語完成句子的試題看，對非謂語動詞的考查立意較低，強(qiáng)調(diào)對非謂語動詞基本概念、基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其基本功能的考查。一般來說，重復(fù)考查同一概念的幾率較小，所以復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要善于分析知識的盲區(qū)，并進(jìn)行針對性的訓(xùn)練，以提高學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。真題再現(xiàn)12010湖北 _(不會用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic

43、 research. (use) not being able to use/being unable to use22010湖北 after she completes the project, shell have _(沒什么要擔(dān)心的). (worry) nothing to worry about考查不定式作后置定語。動詞 “worry”與被修飾的名詞 “nothing” 形成邏輯上動賓關(guān)系，由于 “worry” 是不及物動詞，后面須加上介詞“about” 。32010湖北 _(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and loo

44、ks very attractive. (paint) painted/having been painted42009湖北 when you are finished with the electric iron, dont forget_(關(guān)掉它). (turn) to turn it off考查非謂語動詞。forget to do sth.意為“記著要去做”；“關(guān)掉”是turn sth. off；并且要注意代詞的用法。52009湖北 _(獲得獎學(xué)金) gave martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern stat

45、es. (win) winning a scholarship考查動名詞作主語?！矮@得獎學(xué)金”是win a scholarship。62008湖北 youd better go and_(把你的轎車洗洗) no, i ll do it myself. (wash) have/get your car washed考查have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)。注意分析題意，這里的提示表示“讓別人做某事”，應(yīng)該用have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。72007湖北 they sat together around the table, with _(門關(guān)著)(shut) the door sh

46、ut考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。從語境看，是with名詞/代詞非謂語動詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞the door與“關(guān)著”是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞。8_(靠近市中心時(shí)), we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (approach) approaching the city center9so far nobody has claimed the money_(在圖書館發(fā)現(xiàn)的)(discover) (which was) discovered in the library考查非謂語動詞。the money與discover是被動關(guān)系，所以

47、用過去分詞作定語。本題也可以寫成定語從句。10the lawyer listened with full attention，_(盡力不錯過)any point. (try) trying not to miss考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語及動詞不定式的否定式。句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語。又因動詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not。所以答案為trying not to miss。專題預(yù)測1helen had to shout _ (使人們聽到她的話) above the music at yesterdays party. (he

48、rself) to make herself heard考查非謂語動詞和動詞搭配。這里用make賓語過去分詞表被動。2as a senior 3 student, every one of us is studying as hard as he can, _ (希望被錄取)to a good college. (admit)hoping to be admitted兩個動詞連用時(shí)，第二個動詞如果沒有連詞連接就應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞形式，這里用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。3with something urgent_(要處理), the general manager hurried back to his

49、 office early in the morning. (attend) to attend to考查(獨(dú)立主格)和動詞短語。這里用with名詞不定式表示沒有發(fā)生的動作，“處理”是attend to。 4no wonder he blamed you. with so much work_(要完成), you shouldnt have gone to the cinema last night. (finish) to finish考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里用with名詞不定式表示沒有發(fā)生的動作。5im really sorry _(傷害你), tom. i didnt mean to, b

50、ut i was really annoyed at the result. (hurt) to have hurt you考查不定式的完成式。從語境看，“傷害”的動作發(fā)生在抱歉之前，應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式6when_(比較不同的文化), we should pay as much attention to the similarities as to the differences. (compare) comparing different cultures考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。本句的動詞compare與句子主語是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。7three days later, he re

51、ceived a letter_(邀請他教書) at a local university. (invite) inviting him to teach考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。8_(得到告誡)of possible rainstorm at hand, they decided to stay home for the holiday. (warn ) having been warned考查現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動形式。表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作和被動含義。9i have set up a newspaper and will ask all my friends_(投稿). (contr

52、ibute) to contribute to it10_(長大) in a poor family made jack very hardworking when he was still young. (bring) being brought up考查動名詞的被形式作主語和動詞短語。空格處在句中作主語表被動，應(yīng)該用bring up的動名詞的被動形式。11on her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card_(附在上面), saying “happy birthday！” (attach) attached to it考查

53、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞短語。這里用“with名詞過去分詞”，用attachto表示“附屬，使依附”。12_(和其他同學(xué)比較) in my class, in my opinion, tom is the most satisfying for the post. (compare) compared with the other students考查過去分詞作狀語和動詞短語。從語境看，這里用comparewith，句子主語與compare是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語。13there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions_(需要改善). (improve)need to b