六年級英語閱讀理解題型過關(guān)技巧指導(dǎo)練習(xí)題答案解析

1、 六年級英語閱讀理解題型過關(guān)技巧指導(dǎo) 一、培養(yǎng)正確的閱讀習(xí)慣有許多孩子在長期的學(xué)習(xí)中往往形成了各種閱讀習(xí)慣，如一個詞一個詞地讀，且常伴 有一些習(xí)慣動作：用手指、擺頭等，這就是速讀的障礙，并且可能影響到孩子一生的閱讀。有些不良的習(xí)慣會影響到他們正常的閱讀，我們應(yīng)注意糾正他們以下的不良方式：）心譯。這些做（1）用手指或筆指詞閱讀；（）聲讀；（542）逐詞閱讀；（3）復(fù)讀；（法的結(jié)果往往是降低閱讀速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表達(dá)的思想或傳遞的信息上。應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，孩子在平常的閱讀中都會出現(xiàn)個別的、有意識的復(fù)視或回視，但過分的回 視則會影響閱讀的速度乃至對文章有效的理解。 二、加強按意群閱讀的訓(xùn)練按意

2、群閱讀是一種科學(xué)的閱讀方法。它首先要求把所讀的句子盡可能分成意義較完整 （目）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.的組群，目光要盡可能少地停頓。試比較：（1）為逐詞3次）。其中，（1（目光停次），（光停頓72）I usually / go to school / by bike.為按意群讀。具體說來，讀的時候我們要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，不要把目光停在某一個詞 ）讀，（2入 上，而應(yīng)該用兩眼余光看這個詞兩側(cè)的詞，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，這樣，映眼簾的便是詞組而不是單個的詞；讀的時候要少眨眼、不擺頭，只要眼球來回轉(zhuǎn)動就可以宜，這樣才能保 了；保持坐姿端正

3、，書本應(yīng)放到眼睛正前方，眼睛與書本距離大約一尺為證同一適當(dāng)距離、同一視角范圍內(nèi)盡可能多地攝入文字信息，正確的讀書寫字姿勢，如下圖：關(guān)鍵在于它既不是默讀（心讀）更不是朗讀，而是通過目光在外語與大腦之間建立直接的聯(lián)系，即外語思維。這是一個簡捷快速的過程，非經(jīng)過大量閱讀訓(xùn)練的妙手豈能偶而快速朗讀已經(jīng)熟悉的課文等得之？因此，我們在平?？梢越探o學(xué)生試試以下兩個方法：1. 文字材料（最好朗讀到能夠熟練背誦的程度）。通過這種練習(xí)，對什么是意群，怎樣區(qū)分 意群，如何把注意力放在一個意群的中心詞上，逐步就會有所實際地感受。 把課文或閱讀過的材料按意群分行抄寫下來，再用目光掃讀，使眼睛習(xí)慣于一掃一段。2. 著閱讀

4、的深入，熟練的孩子在閱讀過程中能根據(jù)自己的閱讀目的、閱讀內(nèi)容和文體隨 擇、推測調(diào)整閱讀速度，并利用頭腦中已有的相關(guān)知識，借助盡可能少的文字信息進(jìn)行選 和推理，必要時還能跳出文段客觀地判斷作者意圖。也就是說一些孩子能過渡到跳讀和略章的開頭和結(jié)尾以及各 讀環(huán)節(jié)。我們必須明確地告訴孩子，跳讀和略讀的關(guān)鍵是要抓住文 段的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句。主題句可能在各段開頭也可能出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。 三、培養(yǎng)語言預(yù)測能力所謂語言預(yù)測，就是根據(jù)詞語的搭配習(xí)慣以及語法知識（詞法和句法），憑借上文， 猜測出下文可能出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，達(dá)到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用詞法的搭配習(xí)慣，在時，我們就能猜到下文要出現(xiàn)一個交通工具的單詞；利用句法知

5、讀到I go to school by . 時，我們就可以預(yù)知下文會出現(xiàn)一個動名詞，這樣就有助識，在我們讀到Thank you for . He 于我們在整體理解全句。熟悉和體驗詞語的搭配關(guān)系也是預(yù)測能力的體現(xiàn)。例如讀到Little Water Drop goes likes listening . 時，就知道下面一定跟一個介詞to的結(jié)構(gòu)；讀到 時也會知道下面要跟的肯定是一個比較級的形式。higher and . 眼未到心先知，眼再到時得到證實一閃而過就行了，這樣讀起來，自然就會快多了。 四、避免翻譯在開始的時候，逐句翻譯成中文來心譯理解是難以避免的一個現(xiàn)象。但如果總要依賴 翻譯，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣了，

6、勢必影響到閱讀速度。當(dāng)然用英文直接思維，這不是一下子就可以完這個單詞，我們在文章中見到它時，并apple全做到的，但可以循序漸進(jìn)，例如我們學(xué)了She was 不是按照英語中文實物去理解，而是可以直接由英語到實物。再如讀到時，我們就可以直接體會到“一個女孩子手中拿著線，天上風(fēng)箏飄呀飄呀”的flying a kite.畫面，避免了譯成中文“她正在放風(fēng)箏”后，再到畫面的中間環(huán)節(jié)，那么就節(jié)省了時間。英語的閱讀理解中，孩子往往會或多或少地遇到各種各樣的生詞，這是影響孩子閱讀速在 坎，使溪流度的最大障礙了。若把閱讀過程比作一條奔流的小溪，那么生詞便是頑石、溝 不斷回漩激起浪花；沖過去便漸入佳境，沖不過去便

7、成為一潭死水?？缭缴~障礙可以通典，的確很難猜出一個詞過猜測詞義來解決。猜測詞義的方法有很多，有的時候不靠查字 的真正意義，其實這時只要孩子能看出它的詞性、在句中的作用，不影響閱讀就足夠了。Her friend 38頁第5題Read and answer中有這樣的句子：PEP例如：教材六上活動手冊第很明Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesnt play any instruments. She doesnt like music.下文violin顯，instruments沒學(xué)過，是生詞，但并不影響學(xué)生的閱讀，學(xué)生通過上文中的，能明白。這正如

8、我們小的時候在看長篇小說或大部頭的書時，碰到不認(rèn)識的music中的字詞，并不是用查字典的辦法去弄清楚它的讀音和意思，而是僅僅揣摩一下它的含義，不 求甚解。生詞問題解決了，就為以后的閱讀鋪平了道路。 閱讀理解猜詞六技巧介紹如下： 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時 等of courseas a result，thereforethusfor，as，since，so，(文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞如because 表示前因后果。例如：等)引出的句子所表示for，for it wasn his fault.通過You shouldn have blame

9、d him for that 。責(zé)備blame的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出的詞義是 通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞2.，即使我連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay或 通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由andor二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同;這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思們不認(rèn)識gayand Jupiter with the help Mars，義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，均為生詞，但只要知道Jupiter(木星)、此句中的of spaceships.Venus(金星)Mars(火星)這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，

10、一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的行星planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：;while連詞或副詞，如but，however等二是看與not我們不難推測He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。出homely 通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞3.在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它 們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等 語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。 通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞

11、義4.or ，long time. Then there is a dry period，But sometimes 例如：，no rain falls for a long drought.所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即從drought 是同義語。這drought。而a dry period和，久旱旱災(zāi)drought，由此可見drought意思為 或破折號等來表示。in other words，be calledis，or，that is，種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由 通過句法功能來推測詞義5.coconuts and some other kind of fruit

12、grow in 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來pineappleswarm areas.假如和coconuts是同類關(guān)oranges判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas， 類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。fruit系，同屬 通過描述猜詞6.描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌 The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat 或

13、內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：從it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的例句的描述中可以得知penguin 生活習(xí)性。 二、閱讀理解 閱讀理解讀短文，判斷下列句子與短文內(nèi)容是否一致2Chairman Mao was a very famous and important person in Chinese history. He gave Chinese people new life. We can

14、live in China better and better. He was a kind man and he cared about every one of Chinese people and their lives. Chinese people were very poor and hungry in old China before 1949. Chairman Mao led Chinese people to found(建立) new China. Finally, all of the Chinese people work for a better life toge

15、ther. We love Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao is the father of new China. Chairman Mao was a great man in Chinese history. ）（1 Chinese people were very poor in old China after1949. 2（） Chairman Mao cared about every one of Chinese people. 3）（ Chairman Mao led Chinese people to found new China. 4）（ Chairm

16、an Mao is the father of new China. 5）（ 1） （1【答案】 0）（2 13（） 14）（ 1 ）（5 閱讀理解【考點】 【分析】大意：短文講述了中國歷史上一位非常著名和重要的人物毛主席?！窘馕觥縜nd famous very a was Mao Chairman ）句意：毛主席是中國歷史上的偉人。根據(jù)1（ 可知毛主席是中國歷史上的偉人，故答案為正確。important person in Chinese history. （2）句意：1949年以后，中國人在舊中國很窮。根據(jù) Chinese people were very poor and hungry

17、in old China before 1949. 可知1949年以前，中國人在舊中國非常貧窮和饑餓，故答 案為錯誤。 （3）句意：毛主席關(guān)心每一個中國人。根據(jù) He was a kind man and he cared about every 可知毛主席關(guān)心每一個中國人，故答案為正確。one of Chinese people and their lives. （4）句意：毛主席帶領(lǐng)中國人民建立了新中國。根據(jù) Chairman Mao led Chinese people to 可知毛主席帶領(lǐng)中國人民建立了新中國，故答案為正確。found new China. （5）句意：毛主席是新中國之

18、父。根據(jù) Chairman Mao is the father of new China. 可知毛主 席是新中國之父，故答案為正確。 【點評】本題考查了閱讀理解，先翻譯短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正確或錯誤。 閱讀理解閱讀短文，判斷下列句子與短文內(nèi)容是否相符3 Bill Gates is the most important man in the software and computer business. He was born on October 28th. 1955. He grew up in Seattle in the United States. His father.

19、William, was a lawyer. His mother, Mary, was .a teacher. Bill Gates became interested in software and began writing programs at the age of 13. In 1973, Bill Gates went to Harvard University. In the same year, he developed a programming language called BASIC for the first personal computer. In 1975,

20、he began his company Microsoft with his friend Paul Allen Microsoft developed a lot of new programs. These programs made computer easier to use. His company has now become the leader in the software industry all over the world. Bill Gates has also become famous all over the world. Bill Gates is the

21、most important man in the software and computer business. ）（1 Bill Gates was born on October 28th, 1955. ）（2 Bill Gatess mother was a lawyer. ）（3 In 1973, Bill Gates went to Harvard University. ）（4 The programs made the computer easier to use. ）（5 Bill Gates has also become famous all over the world

22、. 6）（ 11）【答案】 （ 12）（ 0）（3 1）（4 1）（5 1 6）（ 【考點】閱讀理解 【分析】大意：短文講述了比爾蓋茨。【解析】 （1）句意：比爾蓋茨是軟件和計算機行業(yè)最重要的人。根據(jù) Bill Gates is the most important man in the software and computer business. 可知比爾蓋茨是軟件和計算機行業(yè)最 重要的人，故答案為正確。 （2）句意：比爾蓋茨1955年10月28日出生。根據(jù) He was born on October 28th. 1955. 日出生，故答案為正確。28年10月可知比爾蓋茨1955 （3）

23、句意：比爾蓋茨的母親是一名律師。根據(jù) His mother, Mary, was .a teacher. 可知比 蓋茨的母親瑪麗是一名教師，故答案為錯誤。爾 （4）句意：1973年，比爾蓋茨去了哈佛大學(xué)。根據(jù) In 1973, Bill Gates went to Harvard 蓋茨去了哈佛大學(xué)，故答案為正確。1973年，比爾University. 可知 （5）句意：程序使計算機更容易使用。根據(jù) These programs made computer easier to use. 可知程序使計算機更容易使用，故答案為正確。 （6）句意：比爾蓋茨也在世界各地聲名鵲起。根據(jù) Bill Gate

24、s has also become famous all 蓋茨也在世界各地聲名鵲起，故答案為正確?？芍葼杘ver the world. 【點評】本題考查了閱讀理解，先翻譯短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正確或錯誤。 閱讀理解閱讀理解4 What do you like eating for dinner? Do you like meat? Do you like vegetables? Do you like fruit or dessert（甜點）after dinner? We ask 55 students these questions. They are from a schoo

25、l .（結(jié)果），Xiamen. Here are the resultsin There are boys answering the questions. 1）（ C. 25B. 30 A. 55 All the students cat for dinner. ）（2 A. meat B. vegelables C. fruit Who likes dessert more? （3） A. Boys. B. Girls. C. Teachers. How many boys like eating fruit? 4）（ C. Fifteen.A. Five. B. Ten. Which o

26、ne is TRCE? ）（5 A. All the girls like fruit and dessert very much. B. Most boys love vegetables and fruit. C. The boys have the same eating habits as the girls. B） 【答案】（1 A2）（ B）3（ C）（4 A ）（5 閱讀理解【考點】【解析】【分析】大意：短文和表格是，來自廈門的一所學(xué)校55名學(xué)生對的晚餐的肉，蔬 菜，水果和飯后甜點的調(diào)查結(jié)果。 B.個男生回答問題，故答案為）句意：有男生回答問題。根據(jù)表格可知有30 （1 A.）句

27、意：所有學(xué)生都在吃飯。根據(jù)表格可知所有學(xué)生都在吃飯，故答案為（2 B.）句意：誰更喜歡甜點？根據(jù)表格可知女孩更喜歡甜點，故答案為（3 C.個男孩喜歡吃水果，故答案為）句意：有多少男孩喜歡吃水果？根據(jù)表格可知15 （4 （5）句意：哪一個是正確的？根據(jù)表格可知所有的女孩都非常喜歡肉，水果和甜點，故 A.答案為 【點評】本題考查了閱讀理解，首先通讀短文，理解大意；其次閱讀題干，根據(jù)題干信息 找出相關(guān)句進(jìn)行選擇。 閱讀理解根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正誤。5 I get up at six thirty in the morning. Then I wash my face and brush my teeth

28、. I go to school at seven thirty. I go to school by bus. Classes begin at eight. We have six lessons every day. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Classes are over at four thirty. After school, we clean our classroom. Then we go home. I get home at five. We have dinner at

29、six thirty. After dinner, I do my homework. I go to bed at nine or ten. I go to school by bus. 1）（ We have seven lessons every day. 2）（ After school, we play games. ）（3 We have dinner at 5:30. ）（4 I go to bed at nine or ten. ）（5 1）（1【答案】 0）（2 0）（3 04）（ 1 5）（ 【考點】閱讀理解 【分析】大意：短文講述了我一天是日常生活?！窘馕觥?（1）句意：

30、我乘公共汽車上學(xué)。根據(jù) I go to school by bus. 可知我乘公共汽車上學(xué)，故答 案為正確。 （2）句意：我們每天有七節(jié)課。根據(jù) We have six lessons every day. 可知我們每天有六節(jié) 課，故答案為錯誤。 （3）句意：放學(xué)后，我們玩游戲。根據(jù) After school, we clean our classroom. Then we go 可知放學(xué)后我們打掃教室，然后回家，故答案為錯誤。home. （4）句意：我們5:30吃飯。根據(jù) We have dinner at six thirty. 可知我們6:30吃飯，故答案 為錯誤。 （5）句意：我九點或

31、十點睡覺。根據(jù) I go to bed at nine or ten. 可知我九點或十點睡覺，故 答案為正確。 【點評】本題考查了閱讀理解，先翻譯短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正確或錯誤。 閱讀理解閱讀理解6 One day, a monkey was looking for food. He came to a fence. There were a lot of big peaches inside the fence. He tried to get inside. But he failed. At last, he found a hole in the fence. But th

32、e hole was too small for him to go through. What should I do? the monkey thought. He wandered around the fence. Day after day, the monkey became thinner and thinner. At last, he could get through the fence. He ate a lot of peaches. He became fatter and fatter. He wanted to go outside, but the hole w

33、as too small for him. He couldnt eat anymore! He waited and waited. Eventually, he became thin enough to go out. The monkey wanted to find some _. ）（1 C. foodB. foot A. drink There were a lot of _ inside the fence. ）（2 C. orangesA. apples B. peaches The monkey went through the fence from _. 3）（ C. a

34、 riverA. small hole B. a road Did the monkey eat the peaches? 4）（ A. Yes, he did. B. No, he didnt. C. We dont know. How did he go out the fence? 5）（ C. He became thin enough.A. He jumped out. B. By bike. C） （1【答案】 B）（2 A）（3 A）（4 C ）（5 閱讀理解【考點】 【分析】這是一篇猴子偷桃的寓言故事?！窘馕觥?（1）根據(jù)短文敘述 One day, a monkey was l

35、ooking for food. “一天，一只猴子正在尋找 。C可知想要找的食物。C選項正確。故答案為：食物?！?（2）根據(jù)短文敘述 There were a lot of big peaches inside the fence. （在圍欄內(nèi)有許多 。選項正確。故答案為：B大桃子。）可知是桃子。B （3）根據(jù)短文敘述 At last, he found a hole in the fence. （最后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了圍欄上有個 。選項正確。故答案為：A洞。）可知從洞里進(jìn)入的。AA（他吃了很多桃子。）可知用肯定回答。 He ate a lot of peaches. ）根據(jù)短文敘述4（ 。A選項正確

36、。故答案為： （5）根據(jù)短文敘述 Eventually, he became thin enough to go out. （最終，他變得足夠瘦 。C選項正確。故答案為：C能夠出來。）可知是變瘦。【點評】這是考查閱讀理解的題目。首先仔細(xì)閱讀短文，然后根據(jù)短文的相關(guān)敘述，來選 擇正確的答案。 閱讀理解閱讀理解7 Im Larry. I was born on August 12, 1994. I go to Park Avenue School. Im in Grade 6. I have a pet. She is smart and cute. My favourite season is

37、summer. In summer, I can wear a T-shirt and shorts. I was very excited to win a prize for playing the violin. My parents were proud of me. When I am older, I want to be a computer programmer or an English teacher. What grade is Larry in? ）（1 What is Larrys pet like? ）（2 Why is summer Larrys favourit

38、e season? 3）（ Why was Larry excited? 4）（ Whats Larrys dream? 5）（ Larry is in Grade 6.1）【答案】 （ She is smart and cute.2）（ Because he can wear a T-shirt and shorts.3）（ Because he won a prize for playing the violin.）（4 He wants to be a computer programmer or an English teacher. ）（5 閱讀理解【考點】 的一篇短文?！痉治觥窟@是

39、介紹Larry【解析】 （1）根據(jù)短文敘述 Im in Grade 6. （我在6年級。）可知是六年級。故答案為： Larry is in Grade 6. （2）根據(jù)短文敘述 She is smart and cute. 可知寵物又聰明又可愛。故答案為： She is smart and cute. （3）根據(jù)短文敘述 In summer, I can wear a T-shirt and shorts. 可知是因為可以穿短褲和T Because he can wear a T-shirt and shorts.恤。故答案為： （4）根據(jù)短文敘述 I was very excited to

40、win a prize for playing the violin. 可知是因為贏得了 Because he won a prize for playing the violin.小提琴大獎。故答案為： ）根據(jù)短文敘述5（ When I am older, I want to be a computer programmer or an English teacher. 可知他的夢想是成為電腦程序員或英語老師。故答案為： He wants to be a computer programmer or an English teacher. 【點評】這是考查閱讀理解的題目。仔細(xì)閱讀短文，注意短

41、文的細(xì)節(jié)敘述，然后根據(jù)短文 敘述來回答問題。 閱讀理解根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。8 There are forty-two students in our class. Jack and Mike come from America. They are our good friends. They like watching TV, but they dont like playing basketball. They often go to school by bike. There is an English girl in our class. Her name is Lucy. She

42、likes playing basketball and she also likes swimming. She usually does her homework in the evening. She often watches TV on Saturday afternoons. She is my good friends. All of the Chinese students are Young Pioneers. Jack and Mike are Young Pioneers. ）（1 There are two American girls and one English

43、boy in our class. ）（2 Jack and Mike are our good friends. ）（3 Jack and Mike like playing basketball. ）（4 Lucy often does her homework on Saturday afternoons. 5）（ 01）【答案】 （ 02）（ 13）（ 04）（ 0 5）（ 閱讀理解【考點】 【分析】文章大意：介紹我班學(xué)生的事情?！窘馕觥?（1）句意：杰克和邁克是少先隊員。根據(jù)All of the Chinese students are Young Pioneers.可 知所有中國學(xué)

44、生都是少先隊員，杰克和邁克不是中國學(xué)生。故答案為：錯誤。 （2）句意：我們班里有兩個美國女孩和一個英國男孩。根據(jù)Jack and Mike come from America.和There is an English girl in our class.可知我們班里有兩個美國男孩和一個英國女 孩。故答案為：錯誤。 （3）句意：杰克和邁克是我們的好朋友。根據(jù)They are our good friends.可知他們是我們 的好朋友。故答案為：正確。 （4）句意：杰克和邁克喜歡打籃球。根據(jù)They like watching TV, but they dont like playing 可知他們喜歡看電視但是不喜歡打籃球。故答案為：錯誤。basketball. （5）句意：在星期六下午露西做作業(yè)。根據(jù)She often