感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞

1、6感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，比如ake have就是3個(gè)比較重要的have sb to do沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法的 只有have sb doing.聽(tīng)?wèi){某人做某事 have sb do讓某人做某事have sth done讓某事被完成（就是 讓別人做）另外：使役動(dòng)詞1. 使役動(dòng)詞是表示使、令、讓、幫、叫等意義的不完全及物 動(dòng)詞,主要有make（使, 令）,let（讓?zhuān)?help（幫助）,have（叫）等。2. 使役動(dòng)詞后接受詞,再接原形不定 詞作受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。He made me laugh.I let him go.I helped him repair the car.Please have him

2、 come here.3. 使役動(dòng)詞還可以接過(guò)去分詞作受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。I have my hair cut every mon th.4. 使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用不定詞,不用原形不定 詞。（主）He made me laugh.（被）1 was made to laugh by him.使役動(dòng)詞有以下用法：a. have somebody do sth讓某人去做某事?i had him arrange for a car.b. have somebody doing sth.讓某人持續(xù)做某事。?he had us laugh ing all through lun ch.注意：用于否定名 時(shí)

3、，表示 允許”i wont have you running around in the house.*小議使役動(dòng)詞”的用法1. have sb do 讓某人干某事 e.g:What would you have me do?have sb/sth doing讓某人或某事處于某種狀態(tài)，聽(tīng)任 e.g: I wont have wome n work ing in our compa ny.The two cheats had the light burning all ni ght long. have sth done讓別人干某事，遭受到 e.g:you d better have your

4、teeth pulled out.He had his pocket picked.notes: done這個(gè)動(dòng) 作不是主 語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的。2. make sb do sth讓某人干某事 e.g:They made me repeat the story.What makes the grass grow?no tes: I was made to repeat the story.make sb/sth don e/adj./ne.g. The n ews made him happy.He could nt make himself heard above the noise of the t

5、raffic.His actions made him uni versally respected.He made her his wife.3.get sb to do使某人干某事e.g: I cant get anyone to do the work properly.get sth do ne讓另別人干某事e.g: I must get my hair cut.Can you get the work finished in time?4.l eave sb to do sth 讓某人干某事e.g: We left him to paint the gate.r II leave y

6、ou to settle all the bus in ess.leave sb doing讓繼續(xù)處 于某種狀態(tài)e.g: Dont leave her wait ing outside in the rain.We left him pain ti ng the gate.leave sth don e/adj./prep.phrasee.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questi ons unan swered. His ill ness has left him weak.I was left with a ray of hop

7、e.A）感官動(dòng)詞（及物）有：see/no tice/look_at/watch/no tice/observe/liste n_to/hear/feel（Vt）/taste（Vt）/smell（Vt）（B）連綴動(dòng)詞（含感官不及物）-be/get/become/feel/look/so un d/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remai n/go/ru n一、see, hear, feel, watch, look，這五個(gè)動(dòng)詞均可作連系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容 詞作表語(yǔ)， 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。其意思分 別為”看/聽(tīng)/聞/嘗/摸起來(lái)。

8、除look之外，其 它幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet.這些花 聞起來(lái)很香。The tomatoes feel very soft.這些西紅柿 摸起來(lái)很軟。二、這些動(dòng)詞后面也可接介 詞like短語(yǔ)，like后面常用名 詞。例如：Her idea sou nds like fu n.她的主意聽(tīng)起 來(lái)很有趣。三、這五個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，除look（當(dāng)看起來(lái)講時(shí)）只能作不及物 動(dòng)詞外，其余四個(gè)既可作及物 動(dòng)詞也可作不及物 動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是人。例如：She smelt the meat.她聞了聞那塊肉。I felt in my

9、 pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香煙。四、taste, smell作不及物 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于taste / smell + of +名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，意為有味道/氣味。例如：The air in the room smells of earth.房間里的空 氣有股泥土味。五、它們（sound除外）可以直接作名 詞,與have或take構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以嘗一口這月餅嗎？六、其中l(wèi)ook, sou nd, feel還能構(gòu)成look / sou nd / feel + as if +從句結(jié)構(gòu)，意為看 起來(lái)

10、/聽(tīng)起來(lái)/感覺(jué)好像。例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看來(lái)好像我 們班要獲勝 了1.在表示生理感 覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不 帶to。這類(lèi)詞有：feel 覺(jué) 得 observe 注意至看至Uoverhear聽(tīng)至Uwatch 注視 listen to 聽(tīng) perceive 察覺(jué)，感知notice 注意 see 看見(jiàn) look at 看 hear 聽(tīng)經(jīng)典例子On seeing the young child fell into the lake , Eric sprang to his feet , and went on the rescue.還有

11、 上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞(如make, let, have等)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).其后的 不定式一般需 帶to,如：He was see n to come.The boy was made to go to bed early. 在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可 帶to亦可不帶to,如：He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this seas on .他 發(fā)現(xiàn) 羊在此季 節(jié) 越出柵欄，感到驚訝。2. 超級(jí)深入的介紹(由于太多，挑了個(gè)經(jīng)典的來(lái)介紹一下)Feel和Feeling感覺(jué)的正確用法 .基本說(shuō)明feel是感官動(dòng)詞

12、，后面通常接形容詞來(lái)形容感覺(jué)，如果需要后接一個(gè)句子，則用 feel like 或 feel as if/though 帶出。feeling 是它的名詞，當(dāng)在描述 你的感覺(jué)時(shí)多用復(fù)數(shù)形式加上-so 錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生及修正A. feel后面接了不正確的詞性例: I feel terribly about this accident. (X)I feel terrible about this accident. (O)記得feel后面要接形容 詞，其它類(lèi)似的感官 動(dòng) 詞包括smell (聞起來(lái)),sou nd (聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste償起來(lái))等，另外等于be動(dòng)詞作用的連綴動(dòng)詞look (看起來(lái)),seem

13、(好像是)后面也是接形 容詞。B. 用到feel like但是后面沒(méi)有接子句例: You feel like in a jungle when you live in the city. (X)You feel like you are in a jun gle whe n you live in the city. (O)feel like還有feel as if/though后面都是接有主 詞有動(dòng)詞的子句。C. feeling用了單數(shù)表達(dá)感覺(jué)例: It is necessary to express your feeling from time to time. (X)It is n ec

14、essary to express your feeli ngs from time to time. (O)不時(shí)表達(dá)你的感覺(jué)是必要的。feelings用復(fù)數(shù)形是指你對(duì)某事的看法 觀感。例: My own feelings are that you shouldn t be so mean to your si例ter.He used to hide his feeli ngs in front of people.3. 其它記法感 feel,二聽(tīng) hear, listen to,三讓 have, let, make,四看 see, look at, observe, watch 注意”觀察”

15、聽(tīng)到” see還有feel和watch,使用它們要仔細(xì)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式做 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省略不定式符 號(hào)“ to, ”此點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)要牢記。4. 類(lèi)似的介紹表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活 動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于 進(jìn)行時(shí)。believe, doubt, see, hear, know, un dersta nd, bel ong, think, con sider, feel, look, seem, show, mind, have sound, taste, require, possess, care, like ,hate, love, detest, desire. 簡(jiǎn)單記憶：永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)I m beli

16、eving or He is seeing a house簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)這些詞后面不要隨意 力口 -i ng.have a party/think about可以用 進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)檫@里的” have 意為 舉行” ；“ think “意為考慮”牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法273位于表示感 覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞之后A這類(lèi)表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞主要有see, hear, feel, smell以及l(fā)isten (to), notice和 watch。它們可與賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞連用：I see him pass ing my house every day.Didn t you hear the clock strikingI felt the

17、 car skidding .She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising .I watched them rehearsing the play .B) 由現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作可以是到目前已 結(jié)束的，也可以是仍在 進(jìn)行的。I saw him changing the wheel (我看見(jiàn)他換輪子)可以指看 見(jiàn)了動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過(guò)程，也可指只 看見(jiàn)動(dòng)作的一部分。B see, hear, feel以及l(fā)isten (to), notice和 watch后面也可接賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的 不定式：We saw him leave the house.I hear

18、d him make arrangements for his journey .C) 這里的不定式含有整 個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束了的意思，I saw him changethe wheel意指我看 到了動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。C兩種形式的比較由于現(xiàn)在分詞既可表示動(dòng)作到目前 為止已結(jié)束，也可表示仍在 進(jìn)行之中，所以 它 的用法較為普遍。但意欲強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作到目前為止已經(jīng)結(jié)束時(shí)，要用不帶to的不 定式。此外，表 達(dá)一連串的動(dòng)作時(shí)它比分詞形式在形式上要 簡(jiǎn)練些：I saw him enter the room , uniock a drawer, take out a document, photo-graph it a

19、nd put it back我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)了屋，打 開(kāi)抽屜，拿出文件，拍完照又放了回去。D在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，句子的 動(dòng)詞之后要用帶to的不定式：He was heard to say that the minister had been bribed .人家聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他說(shuō)部長(zhǎng)受賄了。感觀動(dòng)詞 都是系動(dòng)詞,后面通常是加名 詞,俗稱系表結(jié)構(gòu)感官 動(dòng)詞 有(see,watch,observe,look at, hear, listen to ,notice);感官動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)重要用法：感官 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+do，在用作被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要補(bǔ)出to.例如：1 heard her sing an En glish song jus

20、t now.She was heard to sing an En glish song just now.另外，使役 動(dòng)詞包括(have,let,make)也有這種用法。如：I saw him go upstairs just now.He was see n to go upstairs just now感官動(dòng)詞一感feel,二聽(tīng)hear,listen to,三看see,notice,observe等一般后面可以加 動(dòng)詞 原形或者 動(dòng)詞ing形式，如see sb do sth和see sb doing sth后者強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)某人正在 做某事。而使役 動(dòng)詞 Let,make,have,get,基

21、本形式 let/make/have sb do sth,而 get sb to do sth。這幾個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞要注意的是在他 們的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，除了 let，其他的to都 要還原，也就是比如 說(shuō) make sb do sth-sb be made to do。而 let。i let him go.-he is let go.使役動(dòng)詞的用法所謂使役，就是叫人家去做事情，如： 不同的時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞仍是用原形。1. 老師叫John到辦公室拿他的書(shū)2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗車(chē)子3. 王先生昨天讓他們坐在那邊。The teacher made Joh n get his book in the office.Fa

22、ther makes me wash the car tomorrow after noon.Mr. Wang let them sit there yesterday. （ let 的過(guò)去式） Professor Villa had her stude nts read four short no vels in one week He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。I let him go.我讓他走了。I helped him repair the car.我?guī)退奁?chē)。Please have, him come here.請(qǐng)叫他到這來(lái)。要加to的I decide to set

23、 them free.I told her to wait a mome nt.The teacher wan ted Joh n to get his book in the office.Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow after noon.Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday.背下底下的片語(yǔ):n eed to .learn to .want （人）to .I n eed Jack to an swer the questi on.tell 人 to .decide to .1. The di

24、sh smells delicious.2. What does the cake look like?3. The n ews made her an gry.4. I saw them play ing basketball in the gym yesterday.5. I feel like tak ing a hot-spri ng bath.I make Tom fix the computerYour words made me happy.Ving 動(dòng)名詞He forgot to close the window.（忘記關(guān)窗戶）He forgot closing the win

25、dow.（ 忘記自己有關(guān)窗戶 ）Please remember to write a letter.（記得去寫(xiě)一圭寸信 ）I remember writing a letter.（記得自己寫(xiě)了一圭寸信 ）He stops smoking.（停止吸煙）He stops to smoke.（停下來(lái)去吸煙）有些動(dòng)詞後則可接不定詞和動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)作介詞的受詞be afraid of, think of, worryabout, talk about, be careful about, be good at感官動(dòng)詞句型S+感官動(dòng)詞+受詞+原形動(dòng)詞表事實(shí)主動(dòng)I saw him drink a CokeWe w

26、atched the childre n play basketball.S+感官動(dòng)詞+受詞+動(dòng)名詞Ving 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 一I saw her drinking a cup of coffeeThey saw the boy play ing the pia no辨析II saw him leave the house.I saw him leav ing the house.雖然兩句話的中文都可以是我看見(jiàn)他離開(kāi)這間房子，但是有意義上的差。第一句是我目睹了他離開(kāi)房子的整個(gè)過(guò)程，動(dòng)作從頭到尾我都看見(jiàn)了 第二句是正在離開(kāi)房子時(shí)，我看到了，是.動(dòng)作進(jìn)行中所見(jiàn)的。S+感官動(dòng)詞 + 受詞 + 過(guò)去

27、分詞表示被動(dòng)I saw Tom sent to hospital.我看見(jiàn)Tom被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院Joh n saw the man kno cked dow n by the car.約翰看見(jiàn)這名男子被車(chē)撞倒S+感官動(dòng)詞+形容詞The song sounds wonderfulMary looked angry todayS+感官動(dòng)詞+ like +名詞Kevin looks Jike a clownSn ake meOla人ecile chicke n使役動(dòng)詞have的用法：有這樣一個(gè)句子：He had his favorite Alsatian dog poisoned and two othe

28、r dogs in the household shot .他 命令把他心 愛(ài)的阿爾薩斯狼犬毒死，將家中的另兩條狗擊斃。此句中的 結(jié)構(gòu)“have+名詞+ done中的have是使役動(dòng)詞（causative verb）。表示讓某人來(lái)完成某動(dòng)作”表示使役意義的have，主要用于以下三 種結(jié)構(gòu)中：1. have +兵語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般有兩種意義，一為 致使”二為被動(dòng)。前者表示主 語(yǔ)的意志致使某 事發(fā)生或被做到，后者 則與主觀意志完全無(wú) 關(guān)。1）表示主觀的意志I must have this table photocopied .我必須（找人）把這個(gè)表格復(fù)印出來(lái)。Those plants are

29、 not suitable for that part of the garden . I should have them pulled up . 那些植物在 園子里的那個(gè)地方不太合適。我要（叫人）把 它們拔掉。表示主觀意志的have也可以用get代替，例如：Where can I get （have） this printed ?我在哪里能（找人）把這份東西打印出來(lái)呢？Hell get （have） his teeth knocked down one of these days .他遲早有一天會(huì)挨揍的。2）與主觀意志完全無(wú)關(guān)He has his leg broken in a fall

30、.他的腿 摔斷 了。I had my pocket picked on the subway .我在地 鐵里，口袋被人掏了。2. have +賓語(yǔ)+不定式（不帶to）這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示讓某人做某事”例如：I have my children clean the house before you arrive .在你們來(lái)之前，我讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。Our manager wont have us criticize his work .我們經(jīng)理不許我們批評(píng)他的工作。I should like to have you meet Mr . Davis .我想讓你和戴維斯先生認(rèn)識(shí)一下。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中h

31、ave有時(shí)也可以用get代替，但這時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式需帶to,例如：I got him to write a letter to my employer .我要他 寫(xiě)一圭寸信 給我的雇主。Get him to come early .叫他早點(diǎn) 來(lái)。3. have +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種意思，一是使某人做某事，二是與否定詞連用，表示不許某人做某事。1）have +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞（叫某人做某事）We fin ally man aged to have her talk ing about herself .我們終于使她開(kāi)始談自己的事。Well soon have your car goin

32、g again .我們 很快就 會(huì)讓你 的汽車(chē)重新開(kāi)動(dòng)起來(lái)。2）not have +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞（不許某人做某事）I wont have you smok ing in the sitt ing room .I cant have my son doing such a thing .感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)題1、I have heard both teachers and studentswell of him.A to speak B spoken C to have spoken D speak2、They are going to have the servicemanan ele

33、ctric fan.A install B to install C to be installed D installed3、They ll have youif you don t pay your taxes.A to be arrested B arrest C arrested D being arrested4、They know her very well. They had seen herupA grow B grew C was growing D to grow5、Is this fridgeyou wish to have?A the one, it repaired

34、B that, repaired itC the one, repaired D which, repaired6、When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult.A making understand me B to make myself understoodC to make myself understand7、-Good morning, Can I help you?-I d like to have this packagemadam.A be weighed B to be weighed C to

35、 weigh D weighed8、The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself.A hear B having heard C hearing D heard9、Jane was made tothe truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washing C to be washing D wash10、The missing boys were last seennear the river.A playing B to be playing C play D

36、playing11、The police were told that some boys were seenon the street.A playing B to be playing C play D playing12、Paul doesn t have to be made.He always works hard.A to learn B learn C learned D learning13、 Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth.A filling B filled C to fill D fill14、The manager discussed the plan that they would like to seethe nextdoor.A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out15、If you want to buy