定語從句詳解+例句

1、Attributive Clause 定語從句 、定義 定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語從句。 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。 關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 1關(guān)系代詞：在定語從句中擔任主、賓、表、定語成分 2關(guān)系副詞：在定語從句中擔任狀語成分 關(guān)系詞3個功能： 1. 連接功能(連接先行詞與定語從句)； 2. 擔任功能(在定語從句中擔任主、賓、表、定、狀語) 3. 替代功能(在定語從句中代替先行詞)。 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當 主語的是： who, that, which, as 賓語的是： who, whom, that,

2、 which, as 定語的是： whose, which 先行詞是人時，關(guān)系代詞是：who, whom, that, as 先行詞是物時，關(guān)系代詞是：which, that, whose, as 關(guān)系副詞有：when (先行詞為時間),where (先行詞為地點),why (先行詞為原因) 關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞+ which / whom 定語從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間無逗號隔開為限制性；有逗 號隔開則為非限制性，且一般由which弓I導。 唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語從句由關(guān)系代詞as引導。 二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句 1. who指人，在從句中做主語 (1) The

3、 boys who are playi ng football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the pers on (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom y

4、ou met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人時，相當于 who或者whom ;指物時，相當于 which。在賓語從句中做主語或者 賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year r

5、ises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，有從屬關(guān)系。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has falle n in. whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired. (4) The class

6、room the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he o

7、nce studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magaz ine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magaz ine for which you asked. (5) Well go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about. (6) Well go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we

8、have often talked. 注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am look ing for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am look ing. (F) 2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用 whom，不可用who或者that ;指物時用which， 不能用that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is

9、my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The pla ne in that we flew in to Can ada is very comfortable. (F) 3. “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞 (1) He loved

10、his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty stude nts in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句 1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first cam

11、e to the school. (2) The time whe n we got together fin ally came. 2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 (1) Shan ghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n. 3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne. (2) I don know the

12、reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的從句替換 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan ted whe n he grew up. (3) Great cha nges have take n place in the city in whi

13、ch/where I was born. 難點分析 (一) 只能用that不用which 1 .當先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代 詞時，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you take n dow n everyth ing that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible

14、 for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has bee n done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won do such a thing. 2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is t

15、he best film that I have see n. 4. 當形容詞被 the very, the only, the last 修飾時 (1) This is the very dict ionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he own ed. 當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only pers on in our school who will atte nd the meet ing

16、. 5. 當先行詞前面有 who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who is the man that is sta nding there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scie ntist and his theory that we have lear ned? 只能用 which, who, whom 不用 that 1. 關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時，要用which，不用that;要用whom ,不用who。 2. 引導非限制性定語

17、從句時，要用which, who, whom,不用that，也不能省略。 (二) 關(guān)系代詞 as和which引導的定語從句 as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是： 1. as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was n atural. (2) He was hon est, as/which we can see. 2. as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句； which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，

18、正像”的 意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his acce nt. (3) Joh n, as you kno w, is a famous writer. (4) He has bee n to Paris more tha n several times, which I don believe. 注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which (5) Tom was always late for sc

19、hool, which made his teacher an gry. 3. 當先行次由such, the same修飾時，常用 as (1) I have n ever heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定 語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wor

20、e at Marys weddi ng. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。 (三) 以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通?？梢允÷浴?(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導定語從句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don ) (五) 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句 1.定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是 補充說明的關(guān)系 (1) The pla ne that has just take n off is for London. 定語從句 (2) The fa