高考英語閱讀理解人生百味試題有答案和解析含解析

1、高考英語閱讀理解(人生百味)試題(有答案和解析)含解析 一、高中英語閱讀理解人生百味類 閱讀理解1 A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with ) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.dementia (癡呆 The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart

2、home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their

3、medication or a snack in the kitchen.RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected, said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineerin

4、g and Computer Science. Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to tripl

5、e by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone. RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They re

6、cently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently. While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising, Minor said. The next step in t

7、he research will be to test RAS performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other 牰晥牥湥散?桴祥栠癡?敲慧摲湩?桴?潲潢? How does RAS serve elderly people? 1）（ A. Through sensors. B. Through objects. D. Through their daily activities.C. Through a mobile robot. W

8、hat can we know about RAS? 2）（ B. Its function remains to be tested.A. It is the first robot used in daily life. D. It can cook for owners on its own.C. It can locate people and do any task. Whats Minors attitude toward the future of RAS? ）（3 A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain. Wh

9、at can be a suitable title for the text? 4）（ A. Elderly people leave the nursing home. B. Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot. D. Older adults have benefited from RAS.C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart. A1）【答案】 （ B2（） C）3（ B ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學的科學家們研發(fā) 的機器人，可以幫助那些癡呆或有身體缺陷的

10、老年人在家里過上自立的生活。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據章第二段中的“ The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （傳感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities”可知機器人活動支持系統(tǒng)（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配備的傳感器（傳感器）來確定其居民在哪里，他們在做什 。A么以及何時需要日?；?/p>

11、動的幫助，說明傳感器起到了重大的作用，故選 （2）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS performance”可知，這臺機器人的表現(xiàn)還要經過進一步的測，說明正在測試階段，故選 。B （3）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“ While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor對這款機器人的未來發(fā)展充滿信 。心、非常樂觀，故選C （4）考

12、查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學的科學家們研發(fā)的機器人。再根據最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS 。Bperformance ”可知，機器人目前還在華盛頓州立大學的智能屋里進行測試，故選 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正 確答案。 閱讀理解2 Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great r

13、isk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says

14、a smile may be one way to help your heart. When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive. He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Sever

15、al studies support his opinion. When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷爾蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the bodys main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If yo

16、u are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response. However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems. Researchers say the

17、connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems. Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 t

18、imes an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish . smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. Once people smile, they are relaxing. This rel

19、axation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyones heart health. Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingams opinion? 1）（ A.Smile h

20、as the same effects as laughter. B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine. C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health. D.Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals. What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones? 2）（ A.They can lower our blood pressure. B.They wi

21、ll surely lead to heart diseases. C.They can benefit us when we are in danger. D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle. Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health? ）（3 A.It can make us relax. B.It increases sugar levels. C.It has little bad side effects. D.It can happen

22、 for no reason. What can be the best title for the text? ）（4 A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases B.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart C.One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones D.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases D）（

23、1【答案】 C2）（ A3）（ B 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。同時說明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人 們感到壓力時的身體反應等情況。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”當我們微笑時，大腦的線路會發(fā)生變化。釋放出的化學物質更積極?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認為微笑能使我們的身體產生有益的化學 。D

24、物質。故選 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危險，這些荷爾蒙會幫助你?？芍斘覀兲幱谖ｋU中時，壓力荷爾蒙 。C可以幫助我們。故選 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyones heart health.”如

25、果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系。而且它可能會為每個人的心臟健康提供一點額外的保護?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認為微笑可以使我們放松，從而有利于我們 。A的健康。故選 （4）考查主旨大意。根據第二段中的“Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。他說，微笑可能是幫助心臟的

26、一種方式。以及結合文章內容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進而有利于我們的健康， 。B所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需 要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解3 Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects. For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of m

27、oney they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficie

28、ntbut it also causes ).轉型new problems that could hold back the transition( Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king

29、. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017. Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that

30、 suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economyATMs, vans carrying

31、notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old- fashioned customers with heavy fees. In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also

32、creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow. Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system c

33、ould let governments watch over peoples shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data. Some rich countries are trying to . ）1（ A. dematerialize money B. get rid of the side-effects of cash C. make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species D. promote payment

34、 without paper money or coins In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show . 2）（ A. the differences between developed and developing countries B. that cash is still king across the world C. digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped D. China is developing faster that tho

35、se developed countries in digital payment Cash is disappearing largely because . ）（3 A. younger consumers are short of money to live their digital lives B. suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data C. the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets D. finan

36、cial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers The authors attitude towards digitalized payment is . ）（4 A. favorable B. negative C. objective D. indifferent D） （1【答案】 C）（2 B）（3 C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原 但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔憂。,無現(xiàn)金經濟的未來是個好消息因消失。總的來說 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Rich countries

37、 are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕國家正競相將支付非物質化；再根據第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數量下降了80。結合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支 。也就是電子支付方式。故選D,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,付 （2）考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail

38、 cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數量下降了80；再根據“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中國,數字支付從2012年占所有支付的4上升到2017年的34。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為 。了說明數字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C （3）考查推理判斷。根據第四段

39、中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets). Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術,他們可以從中提取數據和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經濟背后的基礎架構需要付出高昂的成本,

40、這些基礎設施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應商為了減少成本,獲取數 。B導致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,據和小費也提到電子,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處, （4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知， 。故選C支付引起的擔憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需 要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解4 Anyone who is afraid of failure and afraid to f

41、ace challenges will never taste success, so said actually when it that time, but got frightened our professor in marketing. I laughed it off at happened in my life.class car rental firm. Having I landed in a small city in the Middle East to set up a firm, a worldmyself told a positive mind, I prepar

42、ation. on the project, I earnestly settled in With decided nothing should stop me now, and was more than keen to make it a success.the in Tension ran high happened. the least expected thing Iraq invaded Kuwait. However, region. Eventually the war broke out, and many people fled the country, leaving

43、my firm in deep trouble. As usual, hings become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, it can be or even water down your goals your expectations lower and ambitions. I was no tempting to exception. I thought of running away. I remembered the words of Thomas Edison, Many of lifes

44、慦汩牽獥慍敲瀠潥汰?桷?楤?潮?敲污穩(wěn)?潨?汣獯?桴祥眠牥?潴猠捵散摥眠敨?桴祥朠癡?靈尮 I decided to hang on, telling myself, I am not afraid of challenges and obstacles. I stayed on through months of uncertainty and insecurity. Finances ran low, and banks could not wait to get their dues. To add to all this, the banks even threatened to ta

45、ke all my vehicles. I felt I made a wrong decision to move there. I was now ready to face failure. I was living against all hopes, believing that something good would happen. After 2 months the war ended. My persistence paid off: people started flooding back and the car bookings picked up, five time

46、s over. Success comes to the one who dares, even after failure, to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning expe

47、rience.（1）The main method the author uses to support his understanding of his professors viewpoint is _. A. offering analyses B. providing explanations D. giving examplesC. making comparisons How did the author feel when the war between Iraq and Kuwait broke out? 2）（ A. Unconfident B. Indifferent C.

48、 Nervous D. Calm What does the underlined phrase water down in the 4th paragraph probably mean? ）（3 A. get rid of B. smooth away C. make less forceful D. improve on The authors purpose of writing the passage is most likely to _. 4）（ D. entertainC. describe A. inform B. persuade D）1（ 【答案】 A）（2 C）（3 B

49、 ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者的教授曾經說過，任何害怕失敗和害怕面對挑戰(zhàn)的人永遠都不會嘗到成功的滋味。作者當時不以為然當，直到自己親身經歷了失敗 和挑戰(zhàn)后，作者才意識到人們面對挑戰(zhàn)或失敗時要大膽應對，保持積極的心態(tài)。 （1）考查推理判斷。一開始介紹了作者的教授提出的一個觀點，但是作者當時不以為然，直到在今后實際生活中真正遇到了失敗或挑戰(zhàn)時才認識到了教授的觀點。下文主要通 。D過自己的親身經歷闡述了自己的觀點，即通過舉例說明的方式。故選 （2）考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的“I was no exception. I thought of running away.”我也不例外

50、。我想過逃跑；以及第五段中的“I felt I made a wrong decision to move there. I was now ready to face failure.”我覺得搬到那里去是一個錯誤的決定。我現(xiàn)在準備好面對失敗了?？?。知當伊拉克和科威特之間的戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時，作者感到沒有信心。故選A （3）考查詞義猜測。根據第四段中的“things become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, it can be tempting to lower your expectations or eve

51、n”可知當事情變得困難，每一次努力似乎都會帶來失望，它可能會降低你的期望，甚至降低你的目標和抱負。 。C選項含義接近。故選，與C故可推測劃線短語意思為削弱 （4）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“Success comes to the one who dares, even after failure, to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never

52、 make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning experience.”成功屬于那些即使在失敗之后仍敢積極思考并充滿信心地展望未來的人。畢竟，只有經歷才能使人堅強。失敗并不意味著你永遠不會成功。這意味著它將花費更長的時間。它給我們提供了一個學習的經驗。可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是勸說人們面對挑戰(zhàn)或失敗時要大膽去對應，保持積極的心態(tài)。即作者寫這篇 。B文章的目的是說服別人。故選 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要 求考生根據上下文的邏

53、輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。 D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。B、C和5閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、 What makes a person a giver or taker? The idea give vs. take takes shape in all interactions (互動) and relationships of our lives. Were either giving advice, making time for people, or were on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two b

54、ased on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one. According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so gener

55、ously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve. ) that plays a part in this? ( Is there a gender factor性別因素 A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on

56、this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to discuss salary promotions. Male employees asked for an average salary of $146k while the females asked for only $141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simpl