山東省濟(jì)南市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題

1、山東省濟(jì)南市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題山東省濟(jì)南市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題年級(jí)：姓名：28山東省濟(jì)南市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考號(hào)填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改 動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在 本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、

2、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。aeducator of the year contestdo you know an outstanding junior high or high school teacher, coach, guidance advisor, librarian, or headmaster? nominate （提名）that special person youll always remember and give him/her the chance to be recognized in teenink !guidelines the national magazine

3、 will only consider essays written by teens, and nominations must be for junior high or high school educators only. primary school educators are not included. convince us your nominee is special. tell us about his or her style of teaching, involvement in school activities, and community service. wha

4、t has your educator done for the entire school, your class, for you or another student? give examples with specific details. keep your essay between 200 and 1,000 words. include the first and last, name, position, and school of your educator. submit entries through our website. see our submission gu

5、idelines for more information.prizescash awards will be given to educators from across the country honored as teenink educators o the year. winning essays are published in teenink magazine.deadlinesthe deadline for submitting educator of the year essays for 2021 is may 1, 2021. entries are accepted

6、and considered for publication in teenink magazine throughout the year. winners will be informed after the june issue is published.1. who can be recommended for the contest?a. a national volunteer.b. a community educator.c. a primary school teacher.d. a high school headmaster.2. what is the requirem

7、ent for the essay?a. it covers at least 100 words.b. it is to be submitted after may.c. it should include specific details.d. it must be written by a candidate.3. what will the essay winners get?a. a large sum of cash money.b. a chance to publish their essays.c. the big prize from their school.d. th

8、e honor of educator of the year.【答案】1. d 2. c 3. b【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，本文主要介紹了“年度教育者大賽”的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)guidelines第一段中“nominations must be for junior high or high school educators only.primary school educators are not included.”（提名必須僅針對(duì)初中或高中教育者。不包括小學(xué)教育者。）可知提名必須僅針對(duì)初中或高中教育者。d選項(xiàng)a high school headmaster高中

9、校長(zhǎng)符合題意。故選d項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)guidelines第二段中“convince us your nominee is special. tell us about his or her style of teaching, involvement in school activities, and community service. what has your educator done for the entire school, your class, for you or another student? give examples with specific de

10、tails.”（說(shuō)服我們，你的提名人很特別。告訴我們他或她的教學(xué)風(fēng)格，參與學(xué)校活動(dòng)和社區(qū)服務(wù)。教育者為整個(gè)學(xué)校，班級(jí)，你或其他學(xué)生做了什么？舉例說(shuō)明具體細(xì)節(jié)。）可知對(duì)于文章的要求是要包括具體細(xì)節(jié)。故選c項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)prizes中“winning essays are published in teenink magazine.”（獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐陌l(fā)表在teenink雜志上）可知?jiǎng)俪稣呶恼聲?huì)有機(jī)會(huì)被發(fā)表。故選b項(xiàng)。點(diǎn)睛】bcory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎縮癥）at a very young

11、 age. because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. his mother, sandy gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that cory didnt miss out on the fun things in life. sandy took him on road trips during sum

12、mer breaks throughout his childhood. the exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.fortunately, cory was able to do that just before the covid-19 started. he and his mother traveled to antarctica in february, just before the bor

13、ders closed. it was the seventh and final continent off his list. he became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!according to cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. he starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, maki

14、ng sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location. he would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.when cory started going on adventures, there werent many online resources discussing accessible travel. to help other

15、travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does, he decided to share his knowledge in his blog. aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, cory and his mother wrote a childrens book, titled lets explore with cor cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world

16、 in his powered wheelchair.traveling to all seven continents wasnt something i was sure was going to be possible, he said. but if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless.4. what made cory lee decide to visit all seven continents?a. his mothers expectation.b.

17、 his travelling experiences.c. his dream of helping others.d. his objective of making a history.5. what worries cory most about a trip?a. rental fees.b. local attractions.c. accommodation.d. transportation.6. why did cory and his mother write the book?a. to enrich online resourcesb. to record travel

18、ling events.c. to help people with special needs.d. to introduce wheelchair adventures.7. what can we learn from corys story?a. nothing can prevent a determined heartb. disability can turn into an opportunity,c. travelling shapes a positive attitude.d. mom is the creator of childrens dreams【答案】4. b

19、5. d 6. c 7. a【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，從小被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥的科里在媽媽的愛護(hù)下坐輪椅游覽了七大洲，他決定在博客上分享他的旅行知識(shí)，幫助其他殘疾旅行者像他一樣探索世界?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. the exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven

20、 continents.”（桑迪（媽媽）在他童年的暑假里帶他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)他樹立了一個(gè)終生的目標(biāo)：游覽所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年時(shí)，媽媽帶他去公路旅行的經(jīng)歷讓他下定決心訪問(wèn)所有七大洲。故選b項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“according to cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. he starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure t

21、hat there are accessible transportation options in the location.”（科里認(rèn)為，坐輪椅旅行需要進(jìn)行廣泛的規(guī)劃和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二個(gè)月開始他的研究，確保在這個(gè)地方有方便的交通選擇。），可知科里因?yàn)樯眢w原因要坐輪椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有沒有方便的交通選擇，可得出科里旅行時(shí)最擔(dān)心的是交通問(wèn)題。故選d項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, cory and his mothe

22、r wrote a childrens book, titled lets explore with cor cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.”（為了促進(jìn)輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，科里和他的母親寫了一本兒童讀物，名為讓我們和cor cor一起探索，這本書講述了一個(gè)男孩坐著電動(dòng)輪椅環(huán)游世界的故事。），可知是為了促進(jìn)輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，即為了幫助有特殊需要的人（坐輪椅的人），科里和他媽媽才寫書分享經(jīng)歷的。故選c項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“cory, aged

23、 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎縮癥）at a very young age. because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30歲，在很小的時(shí)候就被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥。因?yàn)樗纳眢w狀況，他從4歲開始使用輪椅。），第二段中的“he became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!”（他成為有史以來(lái)第一個(gè)訪問(wèn)所有七大洲的輪椅使用者?。?/p>

24、和最后一段“traveling to all seven continents wasnt something i was sure was going to be possible, he said. but if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless.”（他說(shuō)：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能確定的事?！钡绻惚３謭?jiān)定和積極的態(tài)度，機(jī)會(huì)是無(wú)限的?！保?，可知科里從小坐輪椅，但因?yàn)楸３种鴪?jiān)定和積極的態(tài)度，他才能完成游覽所有七大洲的目標(biāo)，可得出即使殘疾，堅(jiān)定的心也能幫助人們

25、實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，所以沒有什么能阻止一顆堅(jiān)定的心。故選a項(xiàng)。cdo you like the woolly mammoths from the movie ice age? too bad theyre extinct? thanks to recent developments in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called de-extinction, which aims to bring the extinct specie

26、s back. the resurrected species are functionally equal to the original extinct species, but they are not exact copies.there are three primary techniques of de-extinction. one of them is that scientists deliberately select existing species with similar characters to the extinct species to produce lat

27、er generation. this is a natural method. another is cloning. a cloned animal is created by obtaining the dna of the extinct animal. the later generation will be an identical copy of the extinct species. this is only applied to animals that are either endangered or have recently gone extinct, as it r

28、equires well-preserved eggs. the third is the newest technique, genetic engineering. it uses gene-editing tools to place selected genes from extinct animals in place of those present in its closest living relative.if we refer to jurassic park , resurrecting extinct animals is a terrible idea. thankf

29、ully, we dont have to worry about dinosaurs running wildly, as their dna has disintegrated over the 65 million years since their extinction. dna can survive for several million years at best under certain rare conditions, but does that mean we should do that?de-extinction is more for ecology than fo

30、r tourism. ecologist ben novak said, “all animals perform critical roles in their ecosystem. woolly mammoths, for example, were excellent gardeners. their disappearance was followed by a loss in diversity and the arctic grassland became a cold, ice field. if a resurrected animal is always going to b

31、e a zoo animal then it shouldnt be brought back.”8. why does the author mention the movie ice age ?a. to recall the joy from the movie.b. to lead the audience into the topic.c. to attract readers, attention to the movie.d. to show functions of resurrecting animals.9. what is mainly discussed about d

32、e-extinction in paragraph 2?a. its main methods.b. its wide application.c. its complex procedures.d. its distinct characteristic.10. what can replace the underlined word “disintegrated“ in paragraph 3 ?a. broken away.b. picked up.c. fallen apart.d. run out.11. what would be the best title for the te

33、xt?a. can we bring extinct animals back?b. do you like the woolly mammoths?c. will dinosaurs be seen in the zoos?d. should we promote cloning skills?【答案】8. b 9. a 10. c 11. a【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱為“反滅絕”，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來(lái)。文章介紹了三種主要的反滅絕技術(shù)，但是恐龍因?yàn)槠鋎na已經(jīng)分解，無(wú)法被復(fù)活了，最后文章指出反滅絕更多的是為了生

34、態(tài)，而不是為了旅游?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“do you like the woolly mammoths from the movie ice age? too bad theyre extinct? thanks to recent developments in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called de-extinction, which aims to bring the extinct spec

35、ies back.(你喜歡電影冰河世紀(jì)里的猛犸象嗎？它們滅絕了真是太糟糕了對(duì)嗎？由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱為“反滅絕”，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來(lái))”可推知，作者提到了電影冰河世紀(jì)是為了引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入文章主題。故選b?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“there are three primary techniques of de-extinction. one of them is that scientists deliberately select existing species with similar characters to

36、the extinct species to produce later generation. this is a natural method. another is cloning. a cloned animal is created by obtaining the dna of the extinct animal. the later generation will be an identical copy of the extinct species. this is only applied to animals that are either endangered or h

37、ave recently gone extinct, as it requires well-preserved eggs. the third is the newest technique, genetic engineering. it uses gene-editing tools to place selected genes from extinct animals in place of those present in its closest living relative.(有三種主要的反滅絕技術(shù)。其中之一是，科學(xué)家故意選擇與滅絕物種具有相似特征的現(xiàn)存物種來(lái)繁衍后代。這是一種

38、自然的方法。另一個(gè)是克隆?？寺?dòng)物是通過(guò)獲取滅絕動(dòng)物的dna而創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。后代將是滅絕物種的一模一樣的復(fù)制品。這只適用于瀕臨滅絕或最近滅絕的動(dòng)物，因?yàn)檫@需要保存完好的卵子。第三種是最新的技術(shù)，基因工程。它使用基因編輯工具，將已滅絕動(dòng)物的基因選擇出來(lái)，取代現(xiàn)存動(dòng)物近親的基因)”可知，第二段主要討論了反滅絕的主要方法。故選a?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“thankfully, we dont have to worry about dinosaurs running wildly”以及后文“dna can survive for several million years at be

39、st under certain rare conditions, but does that mean we should do that?(在某些罕見的條件下，dna最多只能存活幾百萬(wàn)年，但這是否意味著我們也應(yīng)該這樣做呢？)”可知，值得慶幸的是，我們不必?fù)?dān)心恐龍會(huì)亂跑，因?yàn)樽詮乃鼈儨缃^以來(lái)，它們的dna已經(jīng)在6500萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里分解了。故劃線詞意思為“分解”。a. broken away.脫離；b. picked up.撿起；c. fallen apart.分解；d. run out.耗盡。故選c。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“thanks to recent developme

40、nts in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called de-extinction, which aims to bring the extinct species back.(由于最近生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，科幻小說(shuō)中的東西可能很快會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，通過(guò)一個(gè)吸引人的過(guò)程，稱為“反滅絕”，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來(lái))”結(jié)合文章介紹了三種主要的反滅絕技術(shù)，但是恐龍因?yàn)槠鋎na已經(jīng)分解，無(wú)法被復(fù)活了，最后文章指出反滅絕更多的是為了生態(tài)，而不是為了旅

41、游?？芍琣選項(xiàng)“我們能讓滅絕的動(dòng)物復(fù)活嗎？”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選a。dwe already know that salt can lead to heart disease. but could it also affect our mind? scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans.costantino iadecola, director of the feil family bra

42、in and mind research the institute, said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice. after about three months, the mice had a big change in their behavior. mice are very curious, and they like to look for new things. however, the tested mice lost the a

43、bility to identify a normal object. when the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so. the research suggested humans would expe

44、rience a similar response.studies have shown australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. dr. ladecola said the estimated two teaspoons of salt the average australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term. howe

45、ver, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, who were given extremely high levels of salt. but probably over years and perhaps decadesas opposed to a few months for the mouseeven lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect, dr ladecola said.“high levels of salt cause serious immune c

46、hanges in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. it is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,“ bryce vissel, director of the centre for neuroscience at the university of technology sydney, said. those changes in turn c

47、ause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.12. which can describe the tested mice?a. they remained quiet all day.b. they became smarter than ever.c. they forgot some routine things.d. they were quick at finding objects.13. what do we know a

48、bout australians?a. they ignore health advice.b. they have a higher-salt diet.c. they dislike processed food.d. they value their brain health.14. what does the last paragraph mainly focus on?a. studies carried out by bryce vissel.b. immune changes brought about by salt.c. effects of daily diets on h

49、uman behaviors.d. links between salt intake and brain damage.15. what does the text suggest?a. brain health counts much.b. the body never tells a lie.c. low-salt diet is to be advocated.d. heart diseases can be prevented.【答案】12. c 13. b 14. d 15. c【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對(duì)人類也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的影響。文章介紹了

50、這項(xiàng)研究開展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“however, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object. when the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. then when the mice

51、were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so.(然而，被測(cè)試的老鼠失去了識(shí)別正常物體的能力。當(dāng)老鼠被關(guān)進(jìn)籠子，被要求找一個(gè)安靜的地方時(shí)，它們不記得安靜的地方在哪里。然后，當(dāng)老鼠在筑巢時(shí)這是老鼠每天都要做的事情它們無(wú)法這樣做了)”可推知，被測(cè)試的老鼠忘記了一些日常的事情。故選c。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“studies have shown australians eat around double the recommended amount of sa

52、lt each day, most of it coming from processed food. dr. ladecola said the estimated two teaspoons of salt the average australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term.(研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品。ladecola博士說(shuō)，澳大利亞人平均每天攝入兩茶匙的鹽，長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看可能會(huì)影響大腦功能)”可知，澳大利亞人的飲食含鹽量高。故選b?！?4題詳

53、解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“high levels of salt cause serious immune changes in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. it is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,“ bryce vissel, director of the centre for neuroscience at the unive

54、rsity of technology sydney, said. those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.(悉尼科技大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心主任bryce vissel說(shuō)：“高濃度的鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃內(nèi)外器官嚴(yán)重的免疫變化，幾乎會(huì)對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生自身免疫效應(yīng)。有越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，吃什么決定人的性格，這是其中的一部分。這些變化反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)引起身體的各種反應(yīng)，久而久之肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙。”)”可知，最后一段主要

55、講了鹽攝入和腦損傷之間的聯(lián)系。故選d?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠的認(rèn)知障礙，對(duì)人類也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的影響)”結(jié)合文章介紹了這項(xiàng)研究開展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來(lái)自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食?？赏浦?，文章提倡低鹽飲食。故選c。第二節(jié)（

56、共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余 選項(xiàng).critical thinking means absorbing important information and using that to form a decision or opinion of your own. _16_ but luckily, its something you can train yourself to do better.one of the most important parts of thinking critically

57、is learning what details matter. were exposed to so much information and so many different opinions every day that its really easy to get lost in the details. _17_knowing which details matter is the first part of critical thinking, but its pretty useless if you dont know what types of questions to a

58、sk next. _18_ its important to always ask yourself why something is important and how it connects to things you already know. as you do that, you train your brain to think critically about more information you come across.as with anything, if you want to get good at critical thinking, you need to practice it every day. _19_ this could be casual observations or a notebook with opinions, but the point is to write every singl