電大農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)試卷A小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)試卷a一、名詞解釋（共24分，每個(gè)3分）1、十分之一定律2、食物鏈3、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)4、水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化5、生物放大作用6、環(huán)境污染7、頂極群落8、生態(tài)平衡二、填空（共36分，每空1分）1、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)的研究對(duì)象是 。2、系統(tǒng)必備的三個(gè)條件是 、 、 。3、系統(tǒng)整體功能大于部分功能之和的效應(yīng)叫 。4、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)包括 和 兩大組分。5、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的三大功能類群是 、 、 。6、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的基本功能包括 、 、 。7、種群增長(zhǎng)的基本型有 和 。8、生態(tài)對(duì)策 和 兩種。9、生態(tài)學(xué)金字塔有 、 、 三種類型。10、輔助能包括 和 兩類。11、生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)按元素運(yùn)動(dòng)范圍不同有 、 兩大部分。12、

2、碳循環(huán)不平衡帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題主要是 。13、自然資源按更新期的長(zhǎng)短為 、 兩類。14、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的綜合效益是 、 、 三大效益的統(tǒng)一。15、農(nóng)業(yè)種群間的正相互作用包括 、 、 。16、環(huán)境污染包括 、 、 。三、不定項(xiàng)選擇題（共20分，每個(gè)2分）1、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是 的復(fù)合系統(tǒng)。a、自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng) b、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)系統(tǒng) c、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)2、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是 。a、馴化生態(tài)系統(tǒng) b、人工生態(tài)系統(tǒng) c、半自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)3、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)區(qū)別于自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是 。a、有無(wú)系統(tǒng)功能整合作用 b、系統(tǒng)的生物構(gòu)成不同 c、系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性不同4、 生物個(gè)體大、壽命長(zhǎng)、存和率高、要求穩(wěn)定的棲息環(huán)境。a、r對(duì)策 b、k對(duì)策

3、 c、s對(duì)策5、下列種間關(guān)系 屬于互利互生。a、豆科植物與禾本科植物 b、豆科植物也根瘤菌 c、鳥與樹6、植物體向外分泌的化學(xué)物質(zhì)阻礙相鄰植物的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育，這種現(xiàn)象叫 。a、他毒作用 b、他感作用 c、抗毒作用7、可能出現(xiàn)倒金字塔的生態(tài)學(xué)金字塔是 。a、能量金字塔 b、生物量金字塔 c、數(shù)目金字塔8、兩營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)之間能量轉(zhuǎn)化的損失通常是 。a、8090% b、5060% c、1020%9、在“三葉草田鼠黃鼠狼”食物鏈中分別測(cè)得其含能量（千卡）和ddt（ppm）濃度，問(wèn)其中哪組數(shù)據(jù)是正確的： 。三葉草田鼠黃鼠狼能量ddt能量ddt能量ddta0.271070.254.981061.893.48104

4、30.24b0.2710730.244.981061.893.481040.25c3.481040.254.981061.893.4810730.2410、下列食物鏈“加環(huán)”中 屬于復(fù)合環(huán)。a、農(nóng)田放養(yǎng)寄生蜂防治棉鈴蟲b、用牲畜糞便養(yǎng)蚯蚓，用蚯蚓、蠅咀喂雞c、稻田養(yǎng)魚四、判斷改錯(cuò)題（共10分，每個(gè)2分）（ ）1、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)同一般系統(tǒng)的根本區(qū)別是因?yàn)樯鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)開放系統(tǒng)。（ ）2、環(huán)境容納量是指一定環(huán)境內(nèi)最大種群數(shù)量。（ ）3、r-對(duì)策生物種群的基本增長(zhǎng)型通常是j型。（ ）4、土壤中c/n下降，有機(jī)質(zhì)分解加速。（ ）5、食物鏈“加環(huán)”可以改變十分之一定律。五、論述題（共10分）1、論述高斯競(jìng)爭(zhēng)排

5、斥原理，推論及在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用。農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)試卷a答案一、 名詞解釋 1、十分之一定律能量在食物鏈傳遞過(guò)程中，從一營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)到另營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)的能量轉(zhuǎn)化只有10%左右被下一營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)固定，稱之為十分之一定律。2、食物鏈生物系統(tǒng)中生物成員通過(guò)吃與被吃的食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)關(guān)系彼此連起來(lái)的鏈條叫食物鏈3、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一定時(shí)空范圍內(nèi)生物與環(huán)境通過(guò)能流物流，信息流構(gòu)成的具有一定的結(jié)構(gòu)的功能整體。4、水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化過(guò)多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)排入水體，使水體微生物物生長(zhǎng)過(guò)旺，并大量死亡。消耗水中溶解氧使水質(zhì)變壞變臭的現(xiàn)象叫水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化5、生物放大作用一些性質(zhì)比較穩(wěn)定的元素或化合物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)沿食物鏈傳遞過(guò)程中，其濃度隨營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)上升而急劇增加的現(xiàn)象叫生物放大作

6、用6、環(huán)境污染人類直接或間接產(chǎn)生的一些物質(zhì)或廢氣物排放到環(huán)境，超過(guò)環(huán)境自凈能力，使環(huán)境理化或生物學(xué)狀發(fā)生有害改變叫環(huán)境污染7、頂極群落群落演替序列中最后到達(dá)的和物理環(huán)境緊密相連適應(yīng)的穩(wěn)定群落叫頂極群落8、生態(tài)平衡生物系統(tǒng)中生物與生物，生物與環(huán)境相互作用保持的一種穩(wěn)定協(xié)調(diào)的狀態(tài)叫生態(tài)平衡。二、填空1、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 2、有兩個(gè)以上組分，有一定結(jié)構(gòu)，有一定功能 3、系統(tǒng)功能整合作用 4、無(wú)機(jī)環(huán)境，生命部分 5、生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者、分解者 6、能量流、物質(zhì)流、信息流 7、j型增長(zhǎng)，s型增長(zhǎng) 8、k對(duì)稱，r對(duì)策 9、能量金字塔，生物金字塔，數(shù)目金字塔 10、自然輔助能，人工輔助能 11、地質(zhì)大循環(huán)，生物小循

7、環(huán)12、溫室效應(yīng) 13、可更新資源，不可更新資源 14、生態(tài)效益、社會(huì)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益15、偏利作用，原始協(xié)作，互利共生 16、大氣污染，水體污染，土壤污染三、不定項(xiàng)選擇題1、a、b、c 2、a、c 3、b、c 4、b 5、b 6、b 7、b、c 8、a 9、a 10、c四、判斷改錯(cuò)題1、 改：有生物成分； 2、 改；應(yīng)是穩(wěn)定達(dá)到的最大種群數(shù)量3、 4、 5、 改：不能五、論述題winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit

8、 after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england o

9、n the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.t

10、he kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack

11、of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya t

12、oure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing bod

13、y, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent

14、 could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of th

15、e atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary

16、 layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they

17、 will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a

18、team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but n