非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空題中的考查

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空題中的考查教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)： 佛山市順德勒流中學(xué) 唐春生本設(shè)計(jì)適合于廣東英語高考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.復(fù)習(xí)歸納非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類。2.探討非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空題中的考查。二、備用思維工具ago、聚焦、概念扇、caf、apc、opv三、教學(xué)步驟：一) 限時(shí)訓(xùn)練（8分鐘）1.做題之前，先解讀語法填空的題目要求：閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。提問：如何運(yùn)用聚焦思維工具解答語法填空題？聚焦指的是“關(guān)注事物的焦點(diǎn)，包括目標(biāo)聚焦和范圍聚焦”。做語法填空題，首先聚焦語篇（范圍聚焦）：通讀短文，掌握其大意。然后聚焦句子

2、和空格（目標(biāo)聚焦）：找出句子的主干，看句子的空格缺什么，就補(bǔ)充什么。參考提示（圖1）： 圖1 語法填空的題目要求2.學(xué)生運(yùn)用聚焦工具獨(dú)立思考，做題。as i walked home one freezing day, i stumbled (絆腳) on a wallet in the street. i picked it up and looked inside 16 (find) some identification so i could call the owner. but 17 wallet contained only three dollars and a letter th

3、at looked as if 18 had been there for years. the envelope was 19_ (wear) and the only thing on it was the return address. i started to open the letter, hoping to find some clue. then i saw the dateline 1924. the letter had been written almost sixty years 20 (early). it was written in a beautiful han

4、dwriting, on blue writing paper 21 a little flower in the left-hand corner. it was a “dear john (絕交)” letter that told the receiver, michael, 22 the writer could not see him any more 23_her mother forbade it. even so, she wrote that she would always love him. it was signed hannah. 24 (actual), i too

5、k great pains to find both hannah and michael, who still remained single. then, after sixty years separation, they married each other in 25_ late seventies. and i was invited to be their best man!二）解惑答疑（4分鐘）1.學(xué)生展示答案，老師核對(duì)答案，并給出評(píng)分（1.5分/題）。2.學(xué)生分小組，針對(duì)問題討論，并解決問題。討論之前，結(jié)合上述文章思考：高考語法填空的命題特點(diǎn)是什么？究竟考什么？(用caf、a

6、pc和概念扇工具)。參考提示（圖2）：圖2 語法填空的命題特點(diǎn)3.老師答疑，側(cè)重解答16題，19題。16題考查不定式作目的狀語；19題考查過去分詞作表語。三）復(fù)習(xí)歸納：非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類（8分鐘）從以上解題過程我們可以看出，非謂語動(dòng)詞是語法填空題的重要考點(diǎn)。1. 以do為例，填寫動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞的形式變化（1-4組展示，5-8組點(diǎn)評(píng)）：1）構(gòu)建動(dòng)詞不定式的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖參考提示（圖3）： 形式類別 時(shí)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)概念主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式不定式一般式發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后to doto be done完成式發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生to

7、 be doing不定式的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖2）構(gòu)建動(dòng)名詞的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖；參考提示（圖4）： 形式類別 時(shí)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)概念主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞一般式與謂語動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)doingbeing done完成式發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前having donehaving been done動(dòng)名詞的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖3）構(gòu)建現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖；參考提示（圖4）： 形式類別 時(shí)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)概念主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式與謂語動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)doingbeing done完成式發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前having donehaving been done過去分詞發(fā)生了、完成了done現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖4）構(gòu)建非謂語動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖四

8、）專項(xiàng)突破:探討非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空題中的考查(12分鐘）1.i got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then i noticed a man _ (sit) at the front. （2011廣東）答案為sitting。and后面的分句已有謂語動(dòng)詞noticed，且sit前沒有并列連詞，因此，sit是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式notice sb. doing/ do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事) 可知，填sitting或sit，根據(jù)文中提供的情境，不難推出，作者“注意到”時(shí)，那個(gè)人是“正坐在”作者前面的，故應(yīng)填sitt

9、ing。2. he spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.（2010廣東）答案為saying。整句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞spit，且空格前沒有并列連詞，故此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，空格的邏輯主語是he，表伴隨狀態(tài)，故用v-ing形式。3. she wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (09廣東)答案為to please。從句已有謂語動(dòng)詞was，所以考慮空格填非謂語動(dòng)詞。位于形容詞后，作系表結(jié)構(gòu)的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式。4. while

10、she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to . (2008廣東)答案為settled。因從句已有謂語was getting，且空格前沒有并列連詞，故此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，空格作賓補(bǔ)，且與其邏輯主語me是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。探析小結(jié)：當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞且又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列，該動(dòng)詞就必定用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式 此時(shí)，就要分析該非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，確定成分后，判斷用哪一

11、種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，是用-ing形式、-ed形式還是動(dòng)詞不定式。如：（1）作主語或賓語，就用動(dòng)名詞(一般，習(xí)慣）或不定式形式（具體）；（2）句尾作結(jié)果（常有only為標(biāo)志）、目的（也可句首）和原因狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式；（3）句首作時(shí)間、讓步、方式狀語或句尾作伴隨情況狀語時(shí)，用分詞形式；（4）注意一些固定的句式搭配。如：it is no good/ no use/ fun/ useless/ a waste of time doing sth.，see/ hear/ notice sb. do/ doing sth.，spend.doing sth.等。最后再根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的

12、動(dòng)作與句子謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后確定用何種非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，再結(jié)合與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種語態(tài)：與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。五）實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練(8)one day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my university museum of natural history, i saw 16 elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.as i looked

13、17_ (close) at this girl, i found that she was fixed on her chair. i then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and upper body, 18 (dress) in a little white skirt.as the couple wheeled her up to me, i turned my head toward the girl. when i took the money from her grandparents, i look

14、ed back 19_the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile i had ever seen. all of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all i saw was this beautiful girl, 20 smile just melted me 21 _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of 22_ life is all about. she took me from a poor, unh

15、appy college student and 23_ ( bring ) me into her world, a world of smiles, love and 24 ( warm ). im a successful business man now and whenever i think about the troubles of the world, i think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught 25 . 18題:這里單獨(dú)用dressed過去分詞做伴隨狀語。 be/get drssed in “穿著. .”,在句中做謂語。對(duì)于18題，我們可以采用簡單句，并列句，定語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞短語等多種表達(dá)，一句多譯，讓學(xué)生以不變應(yīng)萬變。（用caf、opv、apc工具）參考提示（圖5）：圖5 一句多譯all of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all i saw was this