如何做用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1、如何做用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空如何做用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空- 5 - / 5- 5 - / 5- 5 -用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空是中考常見的試題類型之一，旨在考查學(xué)生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和綜合運用英語的能力。解此類型的試題可遵循以下步驟：1.明確所給詞的詞性 2.弄清所給句子的意思 3.確定空白處所需的詞性 4.正確寫出所填的詞用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空主要考查以下詞類：一. 對名詞的考查1.考查名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式：(1).名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式(規(guī)則變化)一般情況下直接在單數(shù)名詞之后加-s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞。例如：desk desks , key keys , monkey monkeys ,

2、boy boys等以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，在單數(shù)名詞之后加-es。例如：fox foxes , boss bosses , bus buses, class classes, dress dresses, witness witnesses, address addresses, beach beaches, coach coaches , couch couches ,inch inches ,sandwich sandwiches , church churches ,watch watches ,match matches ,speech spee

3、ches ,witch witches ,dish dishes ,brush brushes ,goldfish goldfish, fish fishes , toothbrush toothbrushes等。以o結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，在單數(shù)名詞之后加-s的有：zoo zoos, radio radios, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, mango mangos, bamboo bamboos, kangaroo kangaroos。加-es的有：tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, dodo dodo

4、es/s,hero heroes。以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，先變y為i，再加-es。例如：family families, lady ladies, baby babies , copy copies, body bodies, century centuries, diary diaries, dictionary dictionaries, factory factories, library libraries, battery batteries, documentary documentaries, buddy buddies, ability abilities,

5、 country countries, butterfly butterflies, enemy enemies, memory memories, balcony balconies, laboratory laboratories, beauty beauties, charity charities, comedy comedies, industry industries, quality qualities, reply replies, difficulty difficulties, theory theories, mystery mysteries, hobby hobbie

6、s,story stories, city cities, laundry laundries, activity activities等。以f或 fe結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，先變f或 fe為v，再加-es。例如：half halves, knife knives, wife wives, leaf leaves, shelf shelves, herself themselves, scarf scarfs / scarves, wolf wolves等?？祭?：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 Look! There are some _ (bird) flying in the sky.分析：所給

7、的詞bird是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)主謂一致可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，bird的復(fù)數(shù)形式是birds，因此應(yīng)填birds.考例2：2005年泰州市 Your present is in one of the _. Can you guess? (box)分析：所給的詞box是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達 “one of the +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，box的復(fù)數(shù)形式是boxes，因此應(yīng)填boxes?？祭?：2004年淮安市 Newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become E.U.(歐盟)memb

8、ers this year.分析：所給的詞country是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)主謂一致可知,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)填countries?？祭?：2003年濟南市 The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their _. (life)分析：所給的詞life是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，life的復(fù)數(shù)形式為lives，因此應(yīng)填lives。(2).名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式(不規(guī)則變化)foot feet, tooth teeth, child chi

9、ldren, man men, woman women, policeman policemen, policewoman policewomen, Frenchman Frenchmen, snowman snowmen, businessman businessmen, Englishman Englishmen, gentleman gentlemen, salesman salesmen, mouse mice/mouses(鼠標),sheep sheep, Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, fish fish等。考例1：2004年無錫市 Its

10、good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meals.分析：所給的詞tooth是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，而tooth的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，為teeth，因此應(yīng)填teeth。2.考查名詞的所有格考例1：2005年泰州市 Chocolate is usually _ favorite food. (child)分析：所給的詞child是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意“巧可力是孩子們最喜愛的食物”可知，所填的詞在句中作定語，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格作定語，child的復(fù)數(shù)形式的所有格為childrens，因此應(yīng)填childrens?？祭?/p>

11、2：2005年淮安市 Tomorrow is _ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad?分析：所給的詞father是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知，“父親節(jié)”為Fathers Day,因此應(yīng)填Fathers。注意：母親節(jié)為Mothers Day,婦女節(jié)為Womens Day,兒童節(jié)為Childrens Day,教師節(jié)為Teachers Day。3.考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞有以下幾種情況：(1).名詞+y 形容詞 例如：rain rainy, wind windy, cloud cloudy,sun sunny, snow snow

12、y, fog foggy, mist misty, health healthy, luck lucky, unluck unlucky, noise noisy ,fun funny, thirst thirsty等。(2).名詞+ful形容詞 例如：care careful, thank thankful, help helpful, use useful, wonder wonderful, color colorful, pain painful, success successful等。(3).名詞+n形容詞 例如：America American, Russia Russian,

13、India Indian, Australia Australian, Canada Canadian, Italy Italian等。(4).名詞+ ern形容詞 例如：east eastern, west western, north northern, south southern等。(5).名詞 +ous形容詞 例如:danger dangerous, fame famous等。注意：friend friendly, wool woolen, difference different, difficulty difficult, importance important, pride

14、proud, person personal, safety safe, confidence confident等?？祭?：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 What a _ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：所給的詞rain在此處應(yīng)理解為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作定語，修飾day，應(yīng)用形容詞，rain的形容詞為rainy，因此應(yīng)填rainy。 考例2：2005年徐州市 Too much homework is really _ (pain) to students.分析：所給的詞pain為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞，pain的

15、形容詞為 painful，即應(yīng)填painful。4.考查名詞變?yōu)楦痹~success successfully, care carefully, care carelessly,health healthily, noise noisily等?？祭?005年泰州市 They played so _ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所給的詞care在此處應(yīng)理解為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作狀語，修飾played，應(yīng)用副詞，care的副詞為carefully,即應(yīng)填carefully。二對數(shù)詞的考查1.考查基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變?yōu)?/p>

16、序數(shù)詞時,一般情況下在基數(shù)詞之后加-th。例如：four fourth但是，特殊的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞可用以下口訣來幫助記憶：一、二、三單獨記，八去t,九去e,五和十二記仔細，f來把ve替，ty變成 tie，后面再加th。即：one first, two second, three third, eight eighth, nine ninth, five fifth, twelve twelfth, twenty twentieth, thirty thirtieth, forty fortieth, fifty fiftieth, sixty sixtieth, seventy seventi

17、eth, eighty eightieth, ninety ninetieth等?？祭?：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 The _ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所給的詞eight為基數(shù)詞,根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達“第八課”應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞，eight的序數(shù)詞為 eighth,即應(yīng)填eighth。 考例2：2005年揚州市We will have the _ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)分析：(略)應(yīng)填ninth?？祭?：2005年泰州市The students f

18、rom America live on the _ floor. (nine)分析：(略)應(yīng)填ninth?？祭?：2005年徐州市Liu Xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.分析：(略)應(yīng)填first。2. 考查分數(shù)詞 考例：2005年淮安市 Two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所給的詞three是基數(shù)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，本題是考查分數(shù)詞的表達，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。當(dāng)分子大于1

19、時，表示分母的序數(shù)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)用three的序數(shù)詞third的復(fù)數(shù)形式thirds,即應(yīng)填thirds。三對代詞的考查1.考查人稱代詞主賓格之間的轉(zhuǎn)換中考中不常出現(xiàn)。2.考查物主代詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 考例：2005年宿遷市 Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of _ (my).分析：所給的詞my為形容詞性物主代詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞作介詞of的賓語，即應(yīng)填my的名詞性物主代詞 mine。3.考查人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成自身代詞考例1：2005年泰州市The clever

20、girl could teach _ English when she was ten. (she)分析：所給的詞she為人稱代詞主格，根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達teach oneself sth.可知，應(yīng)用自身代詞作賓語，即應(yīng)填she的自身代詞herself?？祭?：2005年常州市 Thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析：所給的詞it為人稱代詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用自身代詞作主語的同位語，即應(yīng)填it 的自身代詞itself。4. 考查人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成物主代詞考例1：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 My

21、 schoolbag is different from _ (he). Mine is newer.分析：所給的詞he為人稱代詞主格，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞作介詞from的賓語，即應(yīng)填his。考例2：2005年揚州市 Our way of learning English is a lot better than _. (they)分析：(略)應(yīng)填theirs。考例3：2005年淮安市_ (we) city, Huaian ,is Zhou Enlans hometown. We are proud of him.分析：(略)應(yīng)填Our。考例4：2005年徐州市 This is m

22、y dictionary. Where is _ (you)?分析：(略)應(yīng)填yours。四對形容詞的考查1.考查形容詞的比較級/最高級(1).形容詞比較級/最高級的規(guī)則變化一般單音節(jié)的形容詞在詞尾加-er/-est 例如：black blacker / est, bright brighter / est此外還有：cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few, full, great, green, hard, high, kind, light, long, low, near, new, old,

23、 poor ,quick, quiet, rich, short, slow, small, steep, strong, sweet, tall, thick, yellow, young, warm, weak等。以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，只須在詞尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st, large larger/st 此外還有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple等。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-er

24、 /-est。例如：big bigger /est, fat fatter /est 此外還有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad等。以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er/-est。例如：angry angrier/ est, easy easier /est此外還有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unluck

25、y, pretty等。多音節(jié)形容詞和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞以及由分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，須在詞前加more/most。例如：beautiful more/most beautiful, tired more/most tired此外還有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious等。有些形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成，既

26、可以在詞為加-er/ est，又可以在詞前加more/most。例如：clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple等。(2).形容詞比較級/最高級的不規(guī)則變化bad worse worst good better best much/many more most little less least考例1：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 Our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析：所給的詞strong為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級，即應(yīng)填strong 的比較

27、級stronger?？祭?：2005年揚州市 The more exercise you take, the _ youll be. (health)分析：(略)應(yīng)填healthier?？祭?：2005年泰州市 Houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析：(略)應(yīng)填more expensive。2.考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞形容詞+ly副詞 bad badly, bright brightly, certain certainly, careful carefully, careless carelessly, cl

28、ear clearly, clean cleanly, loud loudly, polite politely, quick quickly, quiet quietly, real really, sad sadly, safe safelyslow slowly, strong strongly, usual usually, wide widely, angry angrily, heavy heavily, easy easily, happy happily, silent silently, lucky luckily, sudden suddenly, busy busily，

29、exact exactly, neat neatly, noisy noisily, successful successfully, terrible terribly, true truly等。注意：early early, fast fast, good well等?？祭?005年揚州市Be careful, or you wont work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析：所給的詞easy為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞work out，因此應(yīng)填easy的副詞 easily。3.考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞參見“名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞”注意：ill i

30、llness foreign foreigner high height true truth 考例：2005年南京市When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析：所給的詞safe為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞作介詞to的賓語，即應(yīng)填safe的名詞 safety。五對副詞的考查1.考查副詞的比較級/最高級(1).副詞比較級/最高級的規(guī)則變化一般單音節(jié)的副詞在詞尾加-er/-est 例如：fast faster/ est, hard harder /est, long lo

31、nger /est, loud louder/ est, high higher/ est, soon sonner/ est注意：early earlier /est多音節(jié)副詞和部分雙音節(jié)副詞，須在詞前加more/most。例如：angrily more/most angrily 此外還有：quietly, quickly, sadly, slowly, widely, suddenly, happily, politely, clearly, often, carefully, carelessly, luckily等。(2).副詞比較級/最高級的不規(guī)則變化well better best

32、, badly worse worst, far fartherfurther/farthestfurthest考例：2005年南京市 Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than I.分析：所給的詞good為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用副詞的比較級，即應(yīng)填good的副詞 well的比較better。2.考查副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞中考中不常出現(xiàn)。六對動詞的考查1.考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞常見的有：(1).動詞+er名詞 work worker, tea

33、ch teacher, keep keeper, paint painter, sell seller, speak speaker, wait waiter, clean cleaner, play player, surf surfer, sing singer, own owner等。(2).動詞+r名詞 manage manager, write writer, dancedancer, dive diver ，strike striker等。注意：run runner, swim swimmer, travel traveler, win winner, rob robber, co

34、ok cook等。(3). 動詞+or名詞 visit visitor, invent inventor(4). 動詞+(t)ion名詞invent invention, operate operation, discuss discussion, pollute pollution,(5). 動詞+ing名詞park parking, mean meaning,surf surfing, train training, shop shopping, meet meeting, turn turning, cross crossing, begin beginning, build build

35、ing, clean cleaning, draw drawing, paint painting, swim swimming, wash washing等。注意：rob robbery, please pleasure, die death, think thought, know knowledge, appear appearance, disappear disappearance, dry drought, fly flight等。考例1：2005年南京市Some foreign _(visit) from England came to our school last week.

36、分析：所給的visit為動詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞作主語，即應(yīng)填visit的名詞復(fù)數(shù) visitors.考例2：2005年鎮(zhèn)江市 Paul is the best basketball _ (play) on school team.分析：(略)應(yīng)填player?？祭?：2005年徐州市 We feel sorry that Chen Yifei, a famous _ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.分析：(略)應(yīng)填painter?？祭?：2005年淮安市 Every child has a dream. My life dream is to be a pop _ (sing).分析：(略)應(yīng)填singer。2.考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞一般都是轉(zhuǎn)換成其相應(yīng)的形容詞化的過去分詞或現(xiàn)