歷年考研英語英漢翻譯(2005-2010)2

1、歷年考研翻譯真題匯編詳解（2005-2010） 2010年真題One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to

2、continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the e

3、ffect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matt

4、er of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the

5、physically weak, or that they prey only on worthless species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-comm

6、ercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land com

7、munity that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insec

8、ts would eat us up if birds failed to control them。解析：句子的主干是scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence，后接that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句修飾that從句。to the effect that大意是，意思是； fail to 未能； jump to立即，趕快 the rescue營救，援救，解救。參考譯文：科學(xué)家們立即拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來救駕，大致說的是如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話，害蟲就會(huì)把我們吃掉。47. but

9、we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。解析：句子主干we have drawn near the point。介詞短語of admitting that.。.作定語修飾point。其中嵌套了that從句作admit的賓語從句。regardless of.。.作讓步狀語

10、。a matter of .。.的問題，大約；draw near 接近，靠近；intrinsic right天生的權(quán)利，固有的權(quán)利；economic advantage經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。參考譯文：但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：不管鳥類對(duì)我們是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，生存都是它們的固有權(quán)利。48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that the

11、y prey only on worthless species。解析：主干time was when.。when引導(dǎo)了表語從句。Time was when可看作固定短語，譯為從前，曾經(jīng)。注意兩個(gè)并列同位語從句的翻譯。參考譯文：曾幾何時(shí)，生物學(xué)家總是重述以下的這條證據(jù)：這些生物通過捕食弱小的動(dòng)物去維持生物鏈的正常運(yùn)行，或它們只是去捕食沒有價(jià)值的物種。49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of na

12、tive forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。解析：句子的主體是the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community，包含被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子開頭是一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，to be preserved是修飾noncommercial tree species的成分。Within reason合情合理的，理智的。注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的處理。參考譯文：歐洲的林業(yè)從生態(tài)上講較為先進(jìn)，它把沒有成為商業(yè)化對(duì)象的樹

13、種視為原始森林群落的成員而適當(dāng)?shù)丶右员Ｗo(hù)。50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。解析：句子主干It tends to ignore many elements；兩個(gè)that從句意思上轉(zhuǎn)折，句法上為并列的定語從句，修飾the land community。注意插入語、定語從句以及代詞指代的處理。

14、參考譯文：這一體系容易忽視并最終消滅很多缺乏商業(yè)價(jià)值的物種，然而這些物種對(duì)于整個(gè)生物群落的健康運(yùn)行是至關(guān)重要的。2009年真題There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the ex

15、press reason of the association.46 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overrul

16、ing powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this ef

17、fect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little at

18、tention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. T

19、he need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are formi

20、ng the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 50 We are thus led to distinguish

21、, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the yo

22、ung upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive盡管人們可以這樣說，對(duì)任何一個(gè)社會(huì)制度價(jià)值的衡量就是其在增長和豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面所產(chǎn)生

23、的影響，但是這種影響并不是其最初（原來）動(dòng)機(jī)的一部分。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。這個(gè)制度的副產(chǎn)品僅僅是為人們所逐步注意到，而在實(shí)施這種制度時(shí)，認(rèn)為這種影響是一個(gè)制約因素則仍然更為緩慢。48. while it is easy to ignore in our conta

24、ct with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.盡管我們?cè)谂c年輕人交往時(shí)，很容易忽視我們的行為對(duì)他們性格的影響，但是與成年人接觸或交往卻并不那么容易。49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the p

25、owers which will secure this ability.既然我們對(duì)他們的主要職責(zé)（任務(wù)）就是使年輕人能夠參與到一個(gè)共同的生活中去，因此我們不禁思考我們是否正具備這種力量，而這種力量將有助于我們獲得這種能力。50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling.因此，我們到目前

26、為止一直在思考這種廣泛的教育過程，從而促使我們?nèi)^(qū)別一個(gè)更為正規(guī)的教育，也就是說，那種直接教導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。2008年真題In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very dif

27、ficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed he possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (4

28、7) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could rememb

29、er for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is on

30、e long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawy

31、er or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two

32、or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kids gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said:“Now for many years I can

33、not endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 46. He believes that thi

34、s very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 本句的考查點(diǎn)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主干是he believes that.that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是this very difficulty may have the.advantage of f

35、orcing, and thus enabling。Of后面forcing和enabling組成的并列結(jié)構(gòu)做advantage的同位語。參考譯文：達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)困難，促使他對(duì)每一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行長時(shí)間和針對(duì)性的思考，同時(shí)也使得他在觀察和推理中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。這也就使他具有了別人所不具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)。47. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he neve

36、r could have succeeded with mathematics. 本句考查點(diǎn)是賓語從句，非限制性定語從句。主干是He asserted that。賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是his power to was。其中不定式to引導(dǎo)的部分 follow of thought做power的定語；for which reason所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 參考譯文：達(dá)爾文同時(shí)聲稱，對(duì)于冗長而且純抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不強(qiáng)。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，他相信自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面根本不會(huì)成功。48. On the other hand, he did not accept as we

37、ll founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 本句考查點(diǎn)是同位語從句，讓步狀語從句。主干是he did not accept the charge made by that。其中as well founded作為一個(gè)插入成分，對(duì)charge進(jìn)行修飾。made引導(dǎo)的過去分詞短語作定語修飾charge。That引導(dǎo)的從句是charge的同位語，包括一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。參考譯文：另一方面，雖然有些批評(píng)他

38、的人一致認(rèn)為他善于觀察，但不具備推理能力，但是他不同意這種說法。49. He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”本句考查點(diǎn)是賓語從句，定語從句。主干是he adds that 其中賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是he was superior to in, and in。which引導(dǎo)的是things的定語從句。參考譯文：達(dá)爾文很謙虛的補(bǔ)充到，有些

39、事情需要高度的注意力和細(xì)心的觀察，也許他自己在觀察此類事情時(shí)比一般人有優(yōu)勢(shì)。50. Darvin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 本題考查點(diǎn)是賓語從句。主干是Darvin was convinced that。其中賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是the loss of these tastes was no

40、t only, butbe injurious to , and to 。參考譯文：達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為，對(duì)(音樂和繪畫方面)興趣的喪失，失去的不僅僅是一種樂趣，而且可能會(huì)傷害到智力，更有甚者還可能傷害到道德。2007年真題The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs i

41、n Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itsel

42、f in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encoura

43、ges responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on th

44、e news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparatio

45、n for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major

46、subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.F

47、urthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawye

48、rs may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a wellgrounded understanding of the legal system.這篇文章主要講對(duì)大學(xué)生，尤其是新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生進(jìn)行法律教育的重要性。 其大概意思是：以前，在加拿大，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)日益成為普通高等教育的重要組成部分，法律知識(shí)已經(jīng)被

49、認(rèn)為是受過教育的公民所必備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。法律中的公正、民主、自由等觀念與實(shí)際緊密相連；對(duì)于新聞專業(yè)的學(xué)生和新聞工作者來說，法律知識(shí)的儲(chǔ)備和對(duì)于憲法的了解尤為重要，后者對(duì)于他們對(duì)新聞，尤其是政治新聞的把握和判斷是必不可少的。需要翻譯的五個(gè)句子具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。一是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，如將作狀語的介詞詞組插入動(dòng)詞詞組中，而不是放在其后；定語從句中又套定語從句和狀語從句；同位語從句；并列結(jié)構(gòu)修飾同一個(gè)中心詞；本身包含從句的從句作it的真實(shí)主語；含有并列結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式作it的真實(shí)主語，等等。二是劃線句子對(duì)上下文的依賴較大，一方面是名詞和代詞詞組的所指，如第一句中的such institutions，第二句中的i

50、t、these concepts等需要到上文中去找，另一方面，對(duì)第二句的翻譯有賴于其后邊的例子所作的進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明。三是詞匯的難度較大，用詞抽象，一詞多義的較多，如special preserve、intellectual、equipment等，其具體含義需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行引申理解?？傊?，詞義和代詞及名詞詞組對(duì)上下文的依賴是這套題非常突出的特點(diǎn)之一，進(jìn)一步提醒我們要注重對(duì)語篇的理解，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力。另外，在平常記憶單詞時(shí)，要用聯(lián)想記憶等科學(xué)的方法全面掌握一個(gè)單詞的多個(gè)含義。具體分析如下：翻譯題解：46. Traditionally, legal learning has be

51、en viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.分析1. 句子分段： Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the in

52、tellectual equipment of an educated person.2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： 1） 主干結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句legal learning has been viewed as.rather than.；2） view.as中間插入介詞詞組in such institutions作狀語，該詞組的含義要到前一句話中去找，指的是“Canadian universities”。3. 詞的處理： institution機(jī)構(gòu)；special preserve專門的工作；intellectual equipment知識(shí)素養(yǎng)；educated受過良好教育的譯文傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里，學(xué)

53、習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個(gè)受過良好教育的人所必須具備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.分析1. 句子分段： On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： 1) 主語謂語which引導(dǎo)的定語從句省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；2） these concepts的含義也要到前邊的句子中去找，指的是前面提到的j