定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和同位語(yǔ)從句

1、定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句1、 定語(yǔ)從句1、 定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which；關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的“四個(gè)不能”：（1）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。（2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用why引導(dǎo)，要用for which 代替。 例：I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend

2、the meeting. （3） 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能用as。 （4） 指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom，不能省略。 3、在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which （1）先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。（3） 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 例：He was looking pleasantly at te children and pa

3、rcels that filled his bus. （4） 先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。例：Which are the books that you bought for me ? 4、 幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：（1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match. （句中one為先行詞） He is one of the s

4、tudents who have got good marks in the match. （句中students為先行詞） （2） Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?（3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.（4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.5、定

5、語(yǔ)從句的做題方法：（1）找出主句，確定先行詞；（2）找出從句，判斷從句是否完整(是否符合簡(jiǎn)單句的基本構(gòu)成)否，用關(guān)系代詞； 是，用關(guān)系副詞。2、 同位語(yǔ)從句1、同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo). 例：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2、同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。 例： He got the news from Mary that the sp

6、orts meeting was put off.3、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句1、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等)+that/who+句子的其余部分。 例：ItwasyesterdaythatMarymetanoldbeggarinthestreet.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中含有notuntil的句子 在強(qiáng)調(diào)notuntil句型時(shí)，not位于until從句前，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作相應(yīng)變化，即it is (was) +notuntil從句+that+其它。 例：Itwasnotuntilhehadfinishedtheworkthathewenthome. 四

7、、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1、定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2、定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例：（1）The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）（2）The news that Tom would go abroad is to

8、ld by him.（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)部分過(guò)短時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面，以免頭重腳輕，句子不平衡。 例：Word came that our team had won the game. 5、 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別1、 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。3、 強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。 例：It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句) It was i

9、n the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）練習(xí)：1、1He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the schoolAwhichBwho CitDthat2His uncle works in a factory bicycles are madeAthat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere3There is no dictionary you can find everythingAthatBwhich Cwhere Din that4Next m

10、onth, youll spend in your hometown is comingAwhichBthat CwhenDwhere5. It was on 12 May,2008_the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.A.since B.which C.that D.when.6Next month, youll be in your hometown is comingAwhichBthat CwhenDwhere7He wanted to know the time he needed to know A

11、thatBwhen CwhereDwhat8There isnt so much noise in the country in big citiesAthatBwhich CwhereDas 9They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English AthatBwhich Cas Dwhat10. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whil

12、e B. that C. when D. as11Crusoes dog became ill and died , made him very lonely Aas Bwhich CthatDthis12. It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A .that B. when C. while D. as13. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what14 h

13、as been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rulesAWhichBWhatCThatDAs 15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as16Do you know the man ?Awhom I spoke Bto who I spoke CI spoke to Dtha

14、t I spoke17. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. whichB. it C. that D. this18. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why19. when was it you called me yesterday?A. until B. that C. then D. so

15、 20The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp Awith which Bwith it Cwith that DWhich21、Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D. in which22、I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which23、By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that24、Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. w