高三英語過去分詞用法一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行 過去分詞過去分詞: 表示動作是被動的和完成表示動作是被動的和完成 分詞在句中可以作分詞在句中可以作表語表語、定語定語、賓語補(bǔ)足賓語補(bǔ)足 語和狀語語和狀語。 I. Past participle used as attributes （定語）（定語） 1.位置位置: 單個分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后單個分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后, 被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯 主語主語。 The stolen car was found by the police last we

2、ek. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 2.作用作用-相當(dāng)于一個定語從句相當(dāng)于一個定語從句 （2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners. =Is there anything that has been planned for tonight? （1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？ =The book, which was written in 1957, tells the

3、 struggle of the miners. 注：注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成） The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在進(jìn)行）（表示正在進(jìn)行） II. Past participles used as predictive（表語）表語） 1. 過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)， 其邏輯主語就是句子的主語其邏輯

4、主語就是句子的主語。 The window is broken. The inner gate was locked. She was greatly excited. 2. 與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別。與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人令人”，有主動意，有主動意 思。思。 e.g. How disappointing the election is! 過去分詞：主語的感受，過去分詞：主語的感受，“感到感到”，有被動意思。，有被動意思。 e.g. They feel disappointed at the election. 常見的這類此有：常

5、見的這類此有： interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worried III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的動詞：的動詞： want, wish, expect, w

6、ish, like, order + (to be) done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被” e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned. 2. 2. 表表“感覺，感覺， 心理狀態(tài)心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：的動詞： see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(賓語賓語) + p.p. e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People fo

7、und the water polluted. Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 過去分詞過去分詞, 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的 區(qū)別區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系， 但過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，但過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系， 不帶不帶to的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程， 現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在 進(jìn)行。進(jìn)行。 I saw her come into the classroom. I saw her

8、coming into the classroom. I saw her taken out of the classroom. 3. 3. 使役動詞使役動詞: : make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. He had his watch repaired. 4.在在“with / without賓語賓補(bǔ)賓語賓補(bǔ)(過去分過去分 詞詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與

9、賓語之間是動 賓關(guān)系。賓關(guān)系。 e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back? IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(狀語狀語) 過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。 e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. 過去分詞作過去分詞作時間狀語時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句 (When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. e.g. 2. Gi

10、ven more time, Ill catch up with you. 過去分詞作過去分詞作條件狀語條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句 (If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you. e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there. 過去分詞作過去分詞作原因狀語原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句 (Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows

11、a lot of people there. e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight. 過去分詞作過去分詞作讓步狀語讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句 (Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight. e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. 表示方式和伴隨情況表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個并列的謂語時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個并列

12、的謂語 成分。成分。 The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student. 過去分詞作狀語時過去分詞作狀語時, 為了使意義更加明確為了使意義更加明確,也可以在也可以在pp. 前加上對應(yīng)的連詞前加上對應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if 等等等等. 4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight. 3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of p

13、eople there. 2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you. 1. When asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry. 注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個省略句注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個省略句, 省略的部分為主語省略的部分為主語+be的相應(yīng)變化形式的相應(yīng)變化形式. 注意：注意： 1） 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別 _London (夜里參觀倫敦夜里參觀倫敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream. _ (

14、當(dāng)有人夜里來訪當(dāng)有人夜里來訪)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend. When visiting When visited 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的 主語。主語。 如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分 詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。 _ (寫完了所有寫完了所有 的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out. Having finished all my lette

15、rs _ (信寫完之后信寫完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it. Finished 從山頂看，從山頂看， 我們能看到一個美麗的公園。我們能看到一個美麗的公園。 從山頂看，從山頂看， 公園很美麗。公園很美麗。 Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park. Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful. _ in thought, he almost ran into

16、 the car in front of him. ( lose) _ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost 2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài) Dressed 類似的還有：類似的還有： generally speaking

17、一般說來一般說來, given鑒于鑒于, judging from/by根據(jù)根據(jù)來看來看, judged by considering考慮到考慮到, supposing that假如假如, talking of說到說到, seeing (that)鑒于，由于鑒于，由于 有些固定用法：有些固定用法： Exercise: The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Mrs. Br

18、own was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A.it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired 3.With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled 4.With trees,flowers and grass

19、_ everywhere, my native town had taken anew look. A.planting B.planted C.to plant D.to be planted 5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking 6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know

20、 D.to be known 7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood 8.He found them_at a table_ A.sat; to play chess B.sitting; to play chess C.seated; playing chess D.seat; p

21、lay the chess 9. John rushed out in a hurry,_ the door_. A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlocking C.left, unlocked D.to leave;unlocking 10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly. A .settled B .settling C.be settled D .having been settled 11.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window. A .to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D .blown 12. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96) A. Losing B.