現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)的比較

1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)要點1：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示(1)目前已經(jīng)完成的動作(2)剛剛完成的動作 (3)從過去某一刻發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在仍然延續(xù)著的動作或情況（4）這個時態(tài)強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。 The conference has lasted for five days. 會議已經(jīng)開了五天。 He has just bought an unusual car. 他剛剛買到一輛不一般的小轎車。 要點2：當句子中出現(xiàn)表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時間的狀語時，謂語動詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時: 這類狀語有：up to now, up till now, so far, these days, this summer, for 后面接一段時

2、間的短語或 since 等: We havent seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 1987年畢業(yè)后我們就一直沒見面。 Up till now we have established ten projects. 到目前為止我們共上了十個項目。 So far they have only learned the first three chapters. 到現(xiàn)在為止他們只學了前三章。 We havent had much rain this summer. 今年夏天沒下多少雨。 一般過去時態(tài)要點1：一般過去時表示(1)過去某個特定

3、時間發(fā)生，并且一下子就完成了的動作（即：非持續(xù)性動作），也可以表示(2)過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子，煙抽得可兇了。(2) 一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a fe

4、w days ago, when 等等。 句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時還是用現(xiàn)在完成時，取決于動作是否對現(xiàn)在有影響。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎？（意思是說你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已經(jīng)吃過了。（意思是說已經(jīng)吃飽了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么時候吃的？（關心的是吃的動作發(fā)生在何時。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大約十分鐘以前吃的。 Used to do something 表示過去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習慣動作。 I used to work fo

5、urteen hours a day. 過去常常一天干十四個小時。用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao _(hurry) off to look after the man.2. Jim _(make) many friends since he _(come) to China.3. They _(know) each other for about ten years.4. He _ already _(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop

6、 making noise.5. When _ she _(leave)? Two hours ago.6. _ you _(see) the film before? Yes, I _. Where _ you _(see) it?At The Queens Cinema.7. Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I dont eat sweets. Oh, I am sorry. I _(not know) that.8. They usually _(go) fishing when they lived there.9. How long _

7、she _(be) ill?10. They didnt start to work in the field until the rain _(stop).II. 按要求完成句子。 A)句型轉換。1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao _(hurry) off to look after the man.2. Jim _(make) many friends since he _(come) to China.3. They _(know) each other for about ten years.4. He _ already

8、 _(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.5. When _ she _(leave)? Two hours ago.6. _ you _(see) the film before? Yes, I _. Where _ you _(see) it?At The Queens Cinema.7. Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I dont eat sweets. Oh, I am sorry. I _(not know) that.8. They usual

9、ly _(go) fishing when they lived there.9. How long _ she _(be) ill?10. They didnt start to work in the field until the rain _(stop).B)同義句轉換,每空一詞。4. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ _ for two days.5. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. My uncle has _ the new car _

10、 two months ago.6. They left Changsha an hour ago. They have _ _ _ Changsha for an hour.7. The film began ten minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.8. The old man died 5 years ago. The old man _ _ _ for 5 years. III. 單項填空。1. Im sorry, Cathy, I _ your radio for such a long time. Never mind.A. h

11、ave borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have returned2. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Yangzhou with my friends.A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone3. Where is your father? We havent seen each other for weeks. _.A. He has been to America B. He has gone to EnglandC. He

12、is going to Australia4. They have _ since the factory opened.A. left the school B. joined the team C. become workers D. worked here 5. Jim _ the Great Wall many times.A. went to B. goes to C. has gone to D. has been to6. It _ ten years since they _ to France.A. was, moved B. was, have moved C. is, h

13、ave moved D. is, moved 7. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go8. I wont go to see the film tonight because I _ my ticket.A. didnt lose B. have lost C. will lose D. didnt have9. Miss Wu has taught in thi

14、s school _.A. for ten years B. ten years ago C. since ten years D. for ten years ago10. I _ todays homework already. What about you?A. have finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing 11. Ann has gone to Shanghai. So _ her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have列表分析一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的區(qū)別過去時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)

15、生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight,this A

16、pril, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等?，F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了。） Why did you get up so ear

17、ly?（強調起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper?（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)He became a League member three years ago. (變成團員的，became為瞬間動詞)He has been in the League for three years.

18、(在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))判斷下面句子的對錯。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.Key: I. 1. hurried 2. has made, came 3. have known 4. has, written 5. did, leave 6. Have, seen; have; did, see 7. didnt know 8. went 9. has, been 10. stopped II. 1. How often did, go 2. hasnt, yet 3. have you 4. been back 5. had, since 6. been away from 7. has been o