【精品】人教版高中英語選修7Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、Part 1. Warming upPart 2. Pre-readi ng, readi ng and comprehe nding1.1 thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time.我當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為這只是個(gè)故事，但是后來我卻屢次親眼目睹了這樣的事情。witness vt.目睹；目擊；為 作證句型witness to (doing/having done) sth.證明某事；證實(shí)做了某事Police are appeali ng to any

2、driver who may have wit nessed the accide nt. 警方正呼吁曾目睹這事 故的司機(jī)出面作證。The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe.20 世紀(jì) 80 年代是全歐洲失業(yè) 日益加劇的年代。Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校長被傳喚來證明她優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。 The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 司機(jī)作證說，

3、他看至U此人進(jìn)入那 棟建筑物。n.證據(jù)；目擊者He has bee n a wit ness to a terrible murder.他目擊了一起殘忍的兇殺事件。His good health is a wit ness to the success of the treatme nt.他身體健康證明這種療法是成功的。2.0 ne after noon I arrived at the statio n, as I was sorting out my accommodati on, I heard a loudno ise coming from the bay.歸納總結(jié)accommoda

4、tion n.住處；停留處；和解，調(diào)解； (pl.)住宿，膳宿(1) make accommodations for.為提供膳宿book accommodation at a hotel 向旅館預(yù)訂房間arrange sb. s accommodation 給某人安排住處(2) accommodate vt.向提供住宿(或膳宿)；容納；為提供空間；考慮到；顧及；幫助；給提供方便；順應(yīng)，適應(yīng)(新情況)accommodate.to=adapt.to 使適應(yīng)accommodate on eself to=adapt (on eself) to 適應(yīng)； 順應(yīng)accommodate sb.with st

5、h.=supply sb.with sth.給某人提供即學(xué)即用(1 )客座藝術(shù)家們只好自掏腰包支付食宿費(fèi)用。Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodati ons and meals.(2 )旅館房間缺乏。The hotel accommodati on is scarce.(3 )這幢房子可容納兩家人居住。The house can accommodate two families銀行將提供一筆貸款給你。The bank will accommodate you with a loa n.(5)你必須使自己適應(yīng)形勢(shì)。You will h

6、ave to accommodate yourself to the situati on.3. We ran dow n to the shore in time to see an eno rmous ani mal opposite us throw ing itself out of the water and the n crash ing dow n aga in.搭配 opposite to 在的對(duì)面；與相反I sat opposite to him during the meal.吃飯的時(shí)候我坐在他的對(duì)面。The result was opposite to what we e

7、xpected.結(jié)果與我們所預(yù)料的正好相反。see.doing.看見正在做；throwing itself out of the water and then crashing downagain在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語， 與賓語an enormous animal存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系， 所以用現(xiàn)在 分詞形式。I saw the little child crossing the street.我看見那個(gè)小孩兒在過馬路。(1) 在感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find 等及使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, leave, keep, g

8、et等后既可以用不定式也可以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式(不帶to)表示過程或動(dòng)詞完成， v.-ing 形式強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行或當(dāng)時(shí)情景。另外在感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel等及使役動(dòng)詞 make, get, have, keep等后也可用動(dòng)詞-ed形式 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那個(gè)老板讓工人整夜地工作。I have never heard him spoken ill of. 我從未聽說過有人說他的壞話。I have my hair cut once a

9、month. 我每月理一次發(fā)。4. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat Georgesa, id as he ran ahead of e on 祈使句，表示勸說，鼓勵(lì)，不耐煩，催促來吧，趕快，得了吧與 come 相關(guān)的短語：come about come across come out come through come to come up come up with發(fā)生偶然遇見出版經(jīng)歷.仍活著 ,安然渡過總計(jì) 被提出；長出地面 提出come about , come through, come out , come up, come to , come

10、across1) The cost of the journey 3000 yuan.2) How did the accident ?3) When will the book ?4) I my teacher in the street yesterday .5) The seeds haven t yet .6) The old man the World War I.comes to come about come out came across come up came through5. This was the call that announced there was abou

11、t to be a whale hunt. 這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就 要開始的號(hào)角。be about to do 表示打算或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但它不與表示將來時(shí)間的副詞或其他具體 將來時(shí)間狀語連用。但可以與 when 連用，構(gòu)成固定句型。6. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.drag vt. 拖；拉 vi. 拖曳；吸drag away 用力拖，拉drag out/on 使持續(xù)過久，拖延drag sb. down 使身體垮掉；使情緒低

12、落Her dress dragged on the floor. 她的裙子在地板上拖曳著。Angry protesters were dragged away by the police. 憤怒的抗議者被警察拖走了。They dragged out the meeting with long speeches. 他們的發(fā)言長篇大論，使會(huì)議拖了很長時(shí)間。7. “In the meantime,Old Tom,and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue, .在 這段時(shí)間里，老湯姆和其他虎鯨會(huì)飽餐一頓的，鯨唇和鯨舌就是它們

13、的美食in the meantime意為在期間，同時(shí)，其同義詞是meanwhile。for the meantime 目前，眼下8. “ Man overboard! Turn the boat around! urged George, shouting loudly.歸納總結(jié)urge vt. 催促；竭力主張；驅(qū)策。(1) urge sth./sb.on 催促某物 / 某人前進(jìn)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge o doing sth. 催促某人做某事(2) urge that.竭力主張，強(qiáng)調(diào)，從句謂語形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形It is urged

14、 that.堅(jiān)決要求，從句謂語形式為( should)+動(dòng)詞原形1) 他要求所有學(xué)生參加這次活動(dòng)。2) 我強(qiáng)調(diào)他要盡自己最大的努力。3) 有人竭力主張他應(yīng)受到懲罰。即學(xué)即用He argued all the students to take part in this activity.I urgued that he (should) do his best.It was urgued that he should be punished.9. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天海面上風(fēng)大

15、浪高，很難 操縱船只。be+adj.+to do 在“主語 +系動(dòng)詞 +形容詞 +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與主語在意義上是動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系， 但要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義； 如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物的， 要在不定式后邊加介 詞。用于這種句式中的形容詞常為： easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。此句型中還可用 it 作 形式主語，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說做某事 I

16、t s+adj.+of sb.to do sth.某人如此而做某事10. From James s face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 歸納總結(jié)aban don vt.遺棄,放棄；n.放任，放縱。 aba ndon on eself to.縱情；沉溺于aba ndon doing sth.放棄做某事 with abandon 放縱地，放任地aba ndoned adj無約束的；無度的；放縱的 【巧學(xué)助記】The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the

17、 abandoned boy was found wandering in the street， abandoning himself to despair. 那個(gè)孩子被他的父母遺棄了， 后來有人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)被拋 棄的孩子在大街上游蕩，他已陷入了絕望。11.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.歸納總結(jié)(1) 在 It takes (sb.) some

18、time/sth.to do sth.句型中，take意為“花費(fèi)，需要，take前也可用具體名詞作主語。It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.是一固定句型。也可用于It takes/took/will takesb.some money to do sth.。(2) it 作形式主語時(shí)，還可構(gòu)成以下句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+who/that.It is the first/second time that. 某人第幾次做某事It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人該做的時(shí)

19、候了It s said/reported/thought that.據(jù)說 /報(bào)道 /認(rèn)為It s a pity/a shame/a wonder that.可惜 /奇怪的是It happe ns/appears/seems that.恰巧 / 好似It seems/looks as if.看起來好似It s up to sb.to do sth該某人做某事hold up舉起；抬起 承受?。恢尉S持；保持良好阻擋；使停頓；耽誤The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a questi on.那個(gè)學(xué)生舉手要問老師一個(gè)問題。The chair was

20、 too weak to hold him up.那把椅子承受不住他的重量。I hope the fine weather will hold up.我希望這么好的天氣會(huì)持續(xù)下去。提示 hold up作“阻擋，使停頓，耽誤解時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。We were held up for five mi nutes in a traffic jam.我們趕上了交通阻塞，被耽誤了5 分鐘。hold相關(guān)短語hold dow n 壓制，抑制；縮減；垂下The rate of in flation must be held dow n.通貨膨脹率必須控制在低水平上。Hold it down, will you

21、? I m trying to sleep!小點(diǎn)聲行嗎？我要睡覺。hold back 躊躇；阻止，抑制感情等；隱瞞She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.她躊躇著，不知如何說出這一可怕的 消息。She just ma naged to hold back her an ger.她勉強(qiáng)壓住了自己的怒火。hold on 等著，停??；堅(jiān)持住；不掛斷；抓住不放Hold on, this isn the right road.等一下！這條路不對(duì)。They man aged to hold on un til help arriv

22、ed.他們堅(jiān)持至 U救援來。Hold on and don let go until I say so.握緊，等我讓你松手時(shí)再松開。hold out伸出；提供，維持；阻止，制止They all held out their hands to welcome me.Such a situati on held out for ano ther half a mon th.up相關(guān)短語keep up繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持take up開始從事于，占據(jù)，拿起bring up撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)make up組成，編造，化裝pick up拾起，學(xué)會(huì)，得到，用車去接，搭載put up搭建起，張貼，投宿set up建立，建造s

23、how up露面，出席throw up 嘔吐turn up出現(xiàn)，出席，調(diào)高音量12. What evidenee was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?歸納總結(jié)help out意為：幫助擺脫困境或危難。help sb.to do sth.幫某人做某事help to do sth.幫助做某事cannot help doi ng sth.禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth.不能不/不得不做某事help on eself to sth.自用；自取所需食物等help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事with t

24、he help of. 在幫助下 =with one help13.It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner. 看起來好似每個(gè)角落里都 有驚喜在等著我It seemed.意為看來，其中seem為動(dòng)詞，意為看起來像，似乎，好像。Part 3. Learning about LanguagePart 4. Using Language1.Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day

25、. 歸納總結(jié) reflect vt. 映射；反射； vi. & vt. 思考(1) reflect sb./sth.in sth. (指鏡子等)映出某人 /物的影像reflect sth.from sth. 從某物(外表)反射(光、熱、聲等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事(2) reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映像 be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 即學(xué)即用(1) 她坐著，在思考自從他買下這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)以來發(fā)生了多少變化。She sat reflecting on how much it had changed since hed bought

26、 the farm.(2) 這種材料吸音，而不產(chǎn)生回音。This material absorbs the sound, and doesnt reflect it.(3) 這一事件給相關(guān)人士都造成了惡劣影響。This incident reflects badly on everyone involved.2. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding m e purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.歸納總結(jié)be/become awa

27、re of意為：對(duì)知道，明白；意識(shí)到。(1) be aware that 知道；體會(huì)到as far as I m aware 據(jù)我所知(2) develop an awareness of.逐漸懂得lack of awareness 缺乏認(rèn)識(shí)即學(xué)即用(1 )大多數(shù)人知道酒后開車的危險(xiǎn)。Most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.(2) 我想你還不知道這對(duì)我有多重要。I dont think youre aware of how important this means to me.(3) 她覺察東西被偷了。She

28、 became aware that something had been stolen.3. The fish didntseem to mind me swimming among them. 我在這些魚中間游泳， 它們似乎并不 介意。Do/Would you mind if .?Do you mind doing .?你介意嗎？不介意： Of course not. Certainly not. No, not at all. No, go ahead.介意：lm sorry, but I do. Im sorry, you better not.Never mind 多用來寬慰對(duì)方或用

29、作針對(duì)歉意的答語，意思是“沒關(guān)系，別介意。 mind 后接動(dòng)名詞有無邏輯主語意思不同。Do you mind opening the car door for the old lady?Do you mind my/me opening the car door for the old lady?4a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it. 一只長相聰慧的大海龜緊貼著我的身旁游過，幾乎伸手便可觸及。could have done sth. 意為“本來能做某事 (卻沒做

30、) I could have lent you the money.Why didn t我本來可me把錢借給你的，你為什么沒有向我借呢？拓展 could have done 與 might have done 也可表示推測(cè)語氣，意為 “可能做了某事 ， could 多用于否認(rèn)句或疑問句中。She couldn t/can t have been to L，onfodronshe knows nothing about it. 她不可能去過倫 敦，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)倫敦一無所知。He might/may have gone to sleep， for the light is turned off. 他可

31、能已睡覺了，因?yàn)闊粢严?滅。5. There were other creatures that I didn t want to get too close to an eel with its strong sharp teeth， with only its head showing from a hole ， watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe ！) “with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作或伴隨情況，在句中一般作定語或狀語。它的構(gòu)成形式為with名詞形容詞 /副詞 /現(xiàn)在分詞 /過去分詞 /動(dòng)詞不定式 /介詞短語。(1) with n . 介詞短

32、語The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm. 老師 進(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一本厚詞典 /胳膊底下夾著一本厚詞典。(2) with n.adj.I like sleeping with all the windows open. 我喜歡開著窗子睡覺。(3) with n.to do sth.With all the clothes to wash ， I will be very busy today.(4) with n.doing sth.With the boy lea

33、ding the way ， they had no difficulty in finding the house. 有那個(gè)男孩領(lǐng) 路，他們很容易就找到了那棟房子。(5) with n.doneWith his homework finished ， the boy went out to play. 做完作業(yè)后，那男孩出去玩了。(6) with n.adv.With her mother away ， the little girl left lonely. 由于媽媽離開了，小女孩感到孤獨(dú)。6.I told myself they weren t dangerous but that di

34、dn t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!歸納總結(jié)(be) scared to death 嚇?biāo)懒薭e scared of sb./(doing)sth.害怕某人 /恐懼(干)某事scare sb. i nto doi ng sth.恐嚇/威脅某人做某事be scared to do sth 不 敢干某事scare.away/off 把嚇跑scared adj擔(dān)驚受怕的scare vt. 恐嚇 ； vi. 受驚嚇 。即學(xué)即用(1) 那聲音把我嚇壞了。That noise scared me.(2) 他動(dòng)不動(dòng)就害怕。 He sc

35、ared easily.(3) 他們點(diǎn)起火來把狼嚇跑。 They lighted a fire to the scare off wolves.(4) 有些父母試圖用嚇唬的法子使孩子守規(guī)矩。Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well7. The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was_a steep drop to the sandyocean floor.海水是淺的，但是到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個(gè)陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。where

36、.，there be.，意為在的地方，有， where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 You d better leave the medici ne where kids can你最好耙藥放到孩子夠不到的地方。 Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 As far as I m concerneylou are free to go wherever you like.就我個(gè)人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里.本單元語法V-i ng的用法：1. 作主語Swim ming is good for health.Raising (raise) your ha

37、t to a lady is good manners .對(duì)一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。Bei ng killed (kill) by sharks in the sea is a com mon thi ng .2. 作表語Teaching is learning.教學(xué)相長.My hobby is making (make) model pla nes.What worried the child most was not being allowed (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .注意：1) 動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動(dòng)名

38、詞作主語表示一般或抽象的屢次性行為，不定式作 主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Play ing with fire is dan gerous.(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dan gerous.(指一具體動(dòng)作)2) . V-ing形式和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性；當(dāng)主語是不定式時(shí)，表語也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語是V-ing形式時(shí)，表語也用 V-ing形式。To see is to believe.= Seeing is believi ng.3) .It nouse (good) doing sthIt s a waste of time doing sthit

39、作形式主語，只用V-ing,不用不定式。It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sthIt is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。It is a waste of time talking (talk) to him .It is importa nt for me to lear n (lear n) En glish .3. 作賓語V-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。We would appreciate hearing from you .我們會(huì)珍惜你的來信。The bird escaped being caug

40、ht (catch).I feel like joining (join) the army.He was afraid of being aba ndoned (aba ndon) by us.注意：在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to

41、, object to, keep on 等后只接 V-ing 形式作賓語。、I 注意 在 want， need， require， deserve 等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意 義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光臨一下。The problem requires studying carefully . 這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering . 這些樹需要澆水了。 在(be) worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。His su

42、ggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.The problem is worthy of being discussed.The problem is worthy to be discussed. 在 allow ，advise，forbid ， pe rmit 等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或 代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smkoe.4. 作定語The girl standing

43、there is my sister .This is a piece of surprising (surprise) news .The problem being discussed (discuss) now is very important.The farmers working (work)in the fields are tired .5. 作狀語Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy .He sat at the table , reading ( read ) China Daily .Being asked (ask) to

44、 answer the question, she couldn t refuse.Working ( work ) hard , you will succeed .6. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 :I saw people coming and going in the street .I heard her singing (sing) a song in her room.You ll find the topic being discussed (discuss) everywhere now.7. - Ving 一般時(shí)和一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式 ;1) He hurried home , lookin

45、g behind from time to time .2) The building being repaired is our dormitory.- Ving 的完成時(shí)和完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldn t leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語是句子的主語，但有時(shí)前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng) 邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯

46、主語的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開 車走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。9. 有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語的動(dòng)作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 總的來說，這部小說并不感人。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說的

47、情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。Practice1. - What made Bill so angry?- _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn t come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waitingC. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waited2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though there s noise most of the day, we still

48、feel happy about it.A. builtB. having been built C. to be built D. being built3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch4. While shopping, people sometimes can t help _ into buying something they don t reallyA. to persuadedB. persuadingC.

49、being persuaded D. be persuaded5. _ many times, the boy still didn t know ehxoewrctiosedso. theA. Having taughtB. Having been taught C. taughtD. Teaching6. the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having told C. Been toldD. Telling7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr

50、Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called8. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Jane s being left D. Jane to be left9 When I called Mrs Smith to ask how things were， she told me that four-fifths of the houses.A have been sell

51、ing out Bare selling out C had been sold out D have sold out10 The book which deals with the cultures and customs of Canadawell in China.A is soldBis sellingCwas soldDhad sold11 Lets hurry.The film is beginning.Oh ，I was afraid that the beginning.A is already missedBwill be missedC has already been

52、missed D had already been missed12 She didn t speak to me yesterday.She was unhappy.Well ， she seemed toabout it.A have been toldB be told Chaving been toldD being toldBDCCB ADCCB DAFill in the blanks :1. (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. (ask) to put on performance , she re

53、fused .3. (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. (learn) new words is useful.5. He disliked (interrupt)in his experiment .6. I apologize for (not, wait) for you .7. (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .9. I didn t mind (leave)at home .

54、10. The house wants (clean).11. He came in without (ask).12. (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning being interruptednot having waitedNot having received Having been givenbeing left cleaning being asked Having been shownTransforming 句型轉(zhuǎn)換

55、(改成帶 -ing 形式被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句 )Example :I has always insisted that I should be called Dr. Tuner instead of Mr.Tuner.I has always insisted on my being called Dr. Tuner instead of Mr.Tuner.1. The bridge which is being built will be completed next month.The bridge being built will be completed next month.2. The

56、 little girl was eventually aware( 意識(shí) ) that her parents abandoned her in the mountainous village.The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned in the mountainous village by her parents.3. He wouldn t come if we don t invite him. (without)He wouldn t come without being invited.4. I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.I noticed some people being taken to the polic