七、動詞和動詞短語

1、七、動詞和動詞短語七、動詞和動詞短語 語法精講語法精講 考點一?？嫉膸最悇釉~及動詞短語考點一?？嫉膸最悇釉~及動詞短語 1.1.連系動詞連系動詞 特點特點: :后面常接形容詞或名詞后面常接形容詞或名詞, ,此時動詞沒有進行時和被動語態(tài)。連系此時動詞沒有進行時和被動語態(tài)。連系 動詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下五類動詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下五類: : (1)(1)變化類。表示事物發(fā)展變化的過程變化類。表示事物發(fā)展變化的過程, ,如如 become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,comebecome,go,turn,grow,get,fall,come等。等。 (2)(2)感官類。表示

2、人體部位的感受感官類。表示人體部位的感受, ,如如feel,smell,taste,look,soundfeel,smell,taste,look,sound等。等。 (3)(3)狀態(tài)類。表示事物所處的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)類。表示事物所處的狀態(tài), ,如如be,keep,remain,stand,liebe,keep,remain,stand,lie, , stay stay等。等。 (4)(4)外表特征類。表示外表給人的印象外表特征類。表示外表給人的印象, ,如如appear,seem,lookappear,seem,look等。等。 (5)(5)終止類。表示主語已終止動作終止類。表示主語已終止動作, ,

3、如如prove,turnprove,turn out out等。等。 2.2.感官動詞和使役動詞感官動詞和使役動詞 (1)(1)常考的感官動詞有?？嫉母泄賱釉~有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feelsee,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel等。感等。感 官動詞后接非謂語動詞的不同形式作補足語官動詞后接非謂語動詞的不同形式作補足語, ,表達的含義不同。表達的含義不同。 (2)(2)?？嫉氖挂蹌釉~有?？嫉氖挂蹌釉~有make,have,letmake,have,let等。使役動詞后接非謂語動詞的等。使役動詞后接非謂語動詞的 不同形式作補足語不同

4、形式作補足語, ,表達的含義不同。表達的含義不同。 3.3.接動詞接動詞-ing-ing形式作賓語的動詞或動詞短語形式作賓語的動詞或動詞短語 常見的有常見的有avoid,stand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveavoid,stand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,give up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,put up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid

5、 off,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid 等。如等。如: : He was lucky to escape being punished. He was lucky to escape being punished. 他幸運地逃避了懲罰。他幸運地逃避了懲罰。 4.4.接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞 常見的有常見的有afford,agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,determineafford,agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand

6、,determine, , expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want 等。等。 5.5.用現(xiàn)在時表將來的動詞及動詞短語用現(xiàn)在時表將來的動詞及動詞短語 常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的動詞( (短語短語) )有有 come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,stay,takecome,go,leave,start,arriv

7、e,move,begin,fall,stay,take off off等。如等。如: : Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飛機是下午兩點一刻起飛。你的飛機是下午兩點一刻起飛。 考點二以動詞為詞源構成的動詞短語考點二以動詞為詞源構成的動詞短語 常見的這類動詞有常見的這類動詞有break,die,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,takebreak,d

8、ie,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,take, , pay,pick,makepay,pick,make 等。等。 1.“break+1.“break+介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 break downbreak down失敗失敗, ,破壞破壞, ,發(fā)生故障發(fā)生故障,(,(身體身體) )垮掉垮掉, ,分解分解; break out ; break out 爆爆 發(fā)發(fā);break through ;break through 突破突破, ,克服克服;break off ;break off 中斷中斷, ,突然停止突然停止;break up;brea

9、k up打碎打碎, , 結束結束,(,(指人群指人群) )散開散開, ,解散解散;break in;break in闖入闖入( (不及物不及物);break into);break into破門而入破門而入( (及及 物物);break away);break away突然離開突然離開, ,逃脫逃脫, ,脫離脫離 2.“bring+2.“bring+介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 bring aboutbring about使發(fā)生使發(fā)生;bring back;bring back拿回來拿回來, ,使恢復使恢復;bring down;bring down擊倒擊倒, ,降降 低低;brin

10、g in;bring in引進引進;bring out;bring out出版出版, ,生產生產, ,使顯現(xiàn)使顯現(xiàn);bring up;bring up培養(yǎng)培養(yǎng), ,養(yǎng)育養(yǎng)育;bring ;bring over over把把帶來帶來 3.“come+3.“come+介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 come in come in 進來進來;come from ;come from 來自來自;come about ;come about 產生產生;come over;come over過來過來;come ;come out out出來出來, ,出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn), ,出版出版;come up;come

11、 up上來上來, ,走近走近;come across;come across偶遇偶遇;come along;come along到到 達達, ,進步進步;come after ;come after 跟著來跟著來;come back;come back回來回來;come around ;come around 蘇醒蘇醒, ,再次出再次出 現(xiàn)現(xiàn);come down;come down下來下來;come on;come on快點快點, ,趕快趕快 4.“cut +4.“cut +介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 cut in cut in 插嘴插嘴, ,插入插入;cut across ;cu

12、t across 抄近路抄近路;cut off ;cut off 切斷切斷;cut up ;cut up 切碎切碎;cut ;cut away away 砍掉砍掉;cut down ;cut down 砍倒砍倒, ,削減削減;cut out;cut out刪除刪除, ,刪去刪去;cut through;cut through抄近路抄近路 穿過穿過; ;克服克服 5.“get+5.“get+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 get aboutget about傳播傳播;get through;get through到達到達, ,做完做完, ,通過通過, ,度過度過, ,打通打

13、通( (電話電話);get in);get in到到 達達, ,收集收集;get on;get on上上( (車車),),進展進展, ,融洽相處融洽相處;get off ;get off 下下( (車車),),下來下來;get out ;get out 出去出去, ,離開離開;get over ;get over 克服克服;get across;get across被傳達被傳達, ,被理解被理解;get along;get along相處相處, ,進進 展展;get away;get away離開離開, ,脫身脫身 6.“give+6.“give+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動

14、詞短語 give upgive up放棄放棄;give in;give in屈服屈服, ,投降投降;give away;give away贈送贈送, ,捐贈捐贈, ,泄露泄露;give over ;give over 移交移交, ,交給交給;give off;give off放出放出, ,發(fā)出發(fā)出;give out;give out分發(fā)分發(fā), ,散發(fā)散發(fā), ,用完用完;give back;give back歸還歸還 7.“go+7.“go+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 go alonggo along進展進展, ,繼續(xù)繼續(xù);go around;go around流傳流傳

15、, ,傳播傳播;go away;go away離去離去, ,走開走開;go beyond;go beyond超超 過過;go by(;go by(時間時間) )過去過去, ,流逝流逝;go down;go down下降下降;go up;go up上升上升;go for;go for喜歡喜歡;go off;go off離離 開開, ,停止停止;go on;go on繼續(xù)繼續(xù), ,發(fā)生發(fā)生;go over;go over復習復習, ,溫習溫習;go through;go through經歷經歷, ,穿過穿過 8.“l(fā)ook+8.“l(fā)ook+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 lo

16、ok afterlook after照顧照顧, ,照料照料;look away;look away把目光移開把目光移開;look around;look around環(huán)顧環(huán)顧;look at ;look at 看看;look for ;look for 尋找尋找;look into;look into調查調查;look out;look out向外看向外看, ,當心當心;look over;look over查看查看; ; 檢查檢查;look through;look through瀏覽瀏覽, ,快速查看快速查看;look up;look up向上看向上看, ,査閱査閱 9.“turn+9.“

17、turn+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 turn around/round(turn around/round(使使) )向后轉向后轉, ,回頭回頭, ,轉身轉身;turn against ;turn against 反對反對( (某某 人人);turn away);turn away把某人拒之門外把某人拒之門外; ;不準某人進入不準某人進入;turn down;turn down調低調低, ,拒拒 絕絕;turn in;turn in上交上交;turn into(;turn into(使使) )變成變成;turn off;turn off關掉關掉;turn on;tu

18、rn on打打 開開;turn over;turn over翻轉翻轉;turn to;turn to求助于求助于, ,轉向轉向;turn up;turn up調高調高, ,到來到來, ,出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn) 10.“put+10.“put+介詞介詞/ /副詞副詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 put asideput aside把把放在一邊放在一邊, ,忽視忽視, ,儲存儲存;put away;put away把把收拾好收拾好, ,積積 蓄蓄;put back;put back把把放回原處放回原處;put down;put down放下放下, ,記下記下, ,鎮(zhèn)壓鎮(zhèn)壓;put forward ;put f

19、orward 提出提出( (建議建議);put in);put in放進放進;put off;put off推遲推遲, ,拖延拖延;put on;put on穿上穿上, ,戴上戴上, ,增加增加, , 上演上演;put out;put out生產生產, ,出版出版, ,撲滅撲滅;put up;put up舉起舉起, ,張貼張貼, ,搭建搭建, ,安排膳宿安排膳宿 11.“be/get/become+11.“be/get/become+過去分詞過去分詞/ /形容詞形容詞+ +介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 be dressed in be dressed in 穿著穿著;be fond

20、of ;be fond of 愛好愛好, ,喜愛喜愛;be lost in ;be lost in 沉溺于沉溺于;be ;be located in located in 位于位于;be addicted to ;be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于;be/get used to;be/get used to習慣于習慣于;be ;be curious about curious about 對對好奇好奇;be engaged in ;be engaged in 忙于忙于;be convinced of ;be convinced of 確信確信, ,認識到認識到;be/become aw

21、are of ;be/become aware of 知道知道;be worried about ;be worried about 擔心擔心;be ;be proud of proud of為為而自豪而自豪 12.“12.“動詞動詞+ +副詞副詞+ +介詞介詞”構成的動詞短語構成的動詞短語 add up to add up to 合計達合計達;break away from ;break away from 從從脫離脫離;come up with;come up with想出想出, ,提提 出出;catch up with;catch up with趕上趕上;get down to;get

22、down to開始認真地做開始認真地做;go in for ;go in for 參加參加, ,愛愛 好好;keep away from ;keep away from 遠離遠離;keep up with ;keep up with 跟上跟上;date back to ;date back to 追溯到追溯到;put ;put up with up with 忍受忍受, ,容忍容忍;run out of ;run out of 用完用完;watch out for ;watch out for 當心當心;look down ;look down upon/on upon/on 瞧不起瞧不起;l

23、ook forward to ;look forward to 期望期望;go along with;go along with一起去一起去;hold on ;hold on to to堅持堅持 1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he he refused refused (stop) until we reached the next stop(stop) until we reached th

24、e next stop.(2014 .(2014 新課標全國新課標全國) 2.Keep 2.Keep (hold) your position for a while.It(hold) your position for a while.It helps helps develop your strength and flexibility. develop your strength and flexibility.(2014(2014遼寧遼寧) ) 答案及剖析答案及剖析: : 1.to stop1.to stop根據語境可知根據語境可知, ,此處作動詞此處作動詞refuserefuse的賓

25、語的賓語, ,構成構成refuse to refuse to do do結構結構, ,因此填動詞不定式形式。因此填動詞不定式形式。 2.holding2.holding根據語境可知根據語境可知, ,此處作動詞此處作動詞keepkeep的賓語。的賓語。keep doing sthkeep doing sth. . 意思是意思是“一直做某事一直做某事”, ,因此填動詞因此填動詞-ing-ing形式。形式。 真題鏈接真題鏈接 填空或填寫括號內單詞的正確形式。填空或填寫括號內單詞的正確形式。 1.Have you finished 1.Have you finished (read) the nove

26、l?(read) the novel? 2.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed2.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed(catch).(catch). 3.Despite a strong wind,children3.Despite a strong wind,children are still looking forward to not are still looking forward to not (cancel) the outdoor activity at the w

27、eekend.(cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend. 4.Nancy suffered 4.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no a serious disease and she could no longer walk.She longer walk.She spent her waking hours in a wheelchair. spent her waking hours in a wheelchair. 語法專練語法專練 答案及剖析答案及剖析: : 1.readin

28、g1.reading根據語境可知根據語境可知, ,此處作此處作finishedfinished的賓語的賓語, ,因此填提示詞的因此填提示詞的- - ing ing形式。形式。 2.being caught2.being caught動詞動詞missmiss意為意為“錯過錯過”時時, ,后面應該接后面應該接v.-ingv.-ing形式作形式作 賓語賓語, ,此處表示此處表示“被捕捉到被捕捉到”, ,因此用被動式因此用被動式, ,所以填所以填being caughtbeing caught。 3.cancelling/ canceling3.cancelling/ canceling短語短語look forward tolook forward to中的中的toto為介詞為介詞, ,因此因此 此處填提示詞的此處填提示詞的-ing-ing形式作賓語。形式作賓語。 4.from4.from此處構成固定短語此處構成固定短語suffer from,suffer from,意思是意思是“患患疾病疾病”。 5.European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters that 5.European offic