畢業(yè)設(shè)計基于PLC的花樣噴泉控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

1、 中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院機電傳動課程設(shè)計說明書基于plc的花樣噴泉控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計31 機自072 16目 錄第一章 引言31.1課題背景及目的31.2本次課程設(shè)計任務(wù)及要求3第二章 控制方案的選擇4第四章 i/o分配表5第五章 plc硬件連接圖55.1 plc硬件連接圖75.2控制電機的接線圖7第六章 順序連接圖7第七章 調(diào)試過程及說明10第八章 結(jié)束語10第九章 參考文獻11第十章 附錄12附錄1 控制面板設(shè)計12附錄2 梯形圖12附錄3 指令表21 第一章 引言1.1課題背景及目的課程設(shè)計在整個教學(xué)過程中，是一個非常重要的實踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，尤其在掌握機電傳動控制技術(shù)時，僅僅了解工作原理和控制的

2、指令系統(tǒng)是遠遠不夠的。為最大限度的滿足生產(chǎn)工藝和機械設(shè)備的要求，就需要結(jié)合機電傳動控制和應(yīng)用技術(shù)的特點，進行初步的工程訓(xùn)練。在許多休閑廣場、景區(qū)或游樂場所里,人們經(jīng)?？吹絿娙匆欢ǖ囊?guī)律噴水,景色迷人;若在夜晚配上各種顏色的燈光顯示,則更加絢麗多彩.本次課程設(shè)計就是通過設(shè)計花樣式噴泉以機電傳動控制課程設(shè)計為載體的主要目的，是通過對噴泉簡單的自動化控制、簡單的工藝過程的調(diào)查研究，使學(xué)生明確生產(chǎn)工藝對電氣控制提出的各項要求。根據(jù)這些要求，進行基本的原理設(shè)計、工藝設(shè)計和操作設(shè)計，使學(xué)生在課程設(shè)計的全過程中，進一步明確設(shè)計任務(wù)中的各項要求，建立課程設(shè)計工作的整體概念，從工程環(huán)境、實現(xiàn)手段和操作方式的各

3、個環(huán)節(jié)入手來設(shè)計控制程系統(tǒng)，通過不斷的調(diào)試和完善軟硬件設(shè)計，最終能夠滿足這些要求。課程設(shè)計以培養(yǎng)工程應(yīng)用能力為主，在獨立完成設(shè)計任務(wù)的同時，還要進行多方面能力的培養(yǎng)和提高，為畢業(yè)設(shè)計以及畢業(yè)后的工作能力打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。1.2本次課程設(shè)計任務(wù)及要求某廣場的噴泉如圖所示，4號為中間噴頭，3號為內(nèi)環(huán)狀噴頭，2號為1次外環(huán)狀噴頭，1號為外環(huán)裝噴頭。（1） 按下啟動按鈕，噴泉控制裝置開始工作，按下停止按鈕，噴泉控制裝置停止工作。（2） 噴泉的工作方式由花樣選擇開關(guān)和單步、連續(xù)開關(guān)決定。（3） 當(dāng)單步、連續(xù)開關(guān)在單步控制時，噴泉只能按照花樣選擇開關(guān)設(shè)置得方式運行一個循環(huán)。（4） 花樣選擇開關(guān)用于選擇噴泉得

4、噴水花樣，現(xiàn)考慮4種噴水花樣。 花樣選擇開關(guān)在位置1時，按下啟動按鈕后，4號噴頭噴水，延遲2s后，3號噴頭噴水，再延遲2s后，2號噴頭噴水，又延遲2s后，1號噴頭噴水。18s后，如果為單步工作方式，則停下來。如果為連續(xù)工作方式，則繼續(xù)循環(huán)下去。 花樣選擇開關(guān)在位置2時，按下啟動按鈕后，1號噴頭噴水，延遲2s后，2號噴頭噴水，再延遲2s后，3號噴頭噴水，又延遲2s后，4號噴頭噴水。30s后，如果為單步工作方式，則停下來。如果為連續(xù)工作方式，則繼續(xù)循環(huán)下去。 花樣選擇開關(guān)在位置3時，按下啟動按鈕后，1號、3號噴頭同時噴水，延遲3s后，2號、4號噴頭同時噴水，1號、3號噴頭停止噴水。如此交替15s后

5、，4組噴頭全噴水，30s后，如果為單步工作方式，則停下來。如果為連續(xù)工作方式，則繼續(xù)循環(huán)下去。 花樣選擇開關(guān)在位置4時，按下啟動按鈕后，按照1-2-3-4的順序，以此間隔2s噴水，然后一起噴水。30s后，按照1-2-3-4的順序，分別延遲2s依次停止噴水。再經(jīng)1s延遲時，按照4-3-2-1的順序，依次間隔2s噴水，然后一起噴水。30s后停止。如果為單步工作方式，則停下來。如果為連續(xù)工作方式，則繼續(xù)循環(huán)下去。 第二章 控制方案的選擇 本次課程設(shè)計的課題是花樣式噴泉，由其控制要求可知：控制過程是一個復(fù)雜，連續(xù)。靈巧的過程。在工業(yè)工程中，被選擇為控制的一般是：繼電器，plc，單片機。由于絕大多數(shù)控制

6、繼電器都是長期磨損和疲勞工作條件下進行的，容易損壞。而且繼電器的觸點容易產(chǎn)生電弧，甚至?xí)墼谝黄甬a(chǎn)生誤操作，引起嚴(yán)重的后果。單片機是一種集成電路編程復(fù)雜，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等。而plc可靠性高，抗干擾能力強，配套齊全，功能完善，適用性強，系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、建造工作量小，維護方便，容易改造，體積小，重量輕，能耗低且易學(xué)易用，深受工程技術(shù)人員歡迎，在工業(yè)以及其他領(lǐng)域都得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。因此，本次花樣噴泉的自動化控制也采用plc控制。 該控制系統(tǒng)選用三菱公司fx 系列的plc。它體積小,重量輕,使用壽命長,編程和維 護方便,故障率低,通過擴展模塊的連接, 可以增加輸入/ 輸出點數(shù). 為了便于程序清晰明了，分別調(diào)用不同

7、的四個花樣，采用了子程序調(diào)用指令（call p），并通過sret返回原始指令。 不同花樣的選擇采用手動選擇開關(guān)，內(nèi)部通過時間繼電器和輔助繼電器實現(xiàn)自動化控制來完成各花樣內(nèi)的循環(huán)動作。 第四章 i/o分配表 由控制要求分析可知，分配表中輸入7個，輸出4個，則其i/o分配表如下表所示 輸入 輸出 地址 元件 功能 地址 元件 功能 x0 sb1 啟動開關(guān) y0 km1 噴頭1 x1 sa2 花樣開關(guān)位置1 y1 km2 噴頭2 x2 sa3 花樣開關(guān)位置2 y2 km3 噴頭3 x3 sa4 花樣開關(guān)位置3 y3 km4 噴頭4 x4 sa5 花樣開關(guān)位置4 x5 sb6 停止 x6 sb7 單步

8、/連續(xù) 第五章 plc硬件連接圖 5.1 plc硬件連接圖 課程設(shè)計的要求，采用三菱fx2n系列，其硬件連接圖如下圖所示： 圖一plc硬件連接圖 5.2控制電機的接線圖 圖二控制電機接線圖 第六章 順序連接圖 由于有4中花樣，所以應(yīng)該分布考慮，按照花樣的要求，編輯四種花樣順序圖，順序圖如下圖所示： 圖三花樣1順序圖 圖四花樣2的順序圖 圖五花樣3的順序圖 圖六花樣4的順序圖 第七章 調(diào)試過程及說明考慮到花樣噴泉的花樣復(fù)雜，選擇了子程序控制，這樣簡單，明了。但還是遇到許多的問題，比如在輸入程序時的不小心，或者出現(xiàn)程序錯誤.，由于是四種花樣工作，設(shè)計了自鎖，同時，沒必要的自鎖導(dǎo)致核程序的復(fù)雜，在自

9、己設(shè)計程序的時候沒有輸入復(fù)位指令，導(dǎo)致程序不能調(diào)用現(xiàn)象。經(jīng)過自己的認真檢查，調(diào)試過程順利進行。 第八章 結(jié)束語 通過這次設(shè)計實踐。我學(xué)會了plc的基本編程方法，對plc的工作原理和使用方法也有了更深刻的理解。在對理論的運用中，提高了我們的工程素質(zhì)，在沒有做實踐設(shè)計以前，我們對知道的撐握都是思想上的，對一些細節(jié)不加重視，當(dāng)我們把自己想出來的程序與到plc中的時候，問題出現(xiàn)了，不是不能運行，就是運行的結(jié)果和要求的結(jié)果不相符合。能過解決一個個在調(diào)試中出現(xiàn)的問題，我們對plc的理解得到加強，看到了實踐與理論的差距。 雖然本次課程設(shè)計是要求自己獨立完成，但是，彼此還是脫離不了集體的力量，遇到問題和同學(xué)互

10、相討論交流。多和同學(xué)討論。我們在做課程設(shè)計的過程中要不停的討論問題，這樣，我們可以盡可能的統(tǒng)一思想，這樣就不會使自己在做的過程中沒有方向，并且這樣也是為了方便最后設(shè)計和在一起。討論不僅是一些思想的問題，還可以深入的討論一些技術(shù)上的問題，這樣可以使自己的處理問題要快一些，少走彎路。多改變自己設(shè)計的方法，在設(shè)計的過程中最好要不停的改善自己解決問題的方法，這樣可以方便自己解決問題 在設(shè)計的過程中我們還得到了老師的幫助與意見，和同學(xué)們的幫助，謝謝你們！ 第九章 參考文獻 1 殷培峰.基于plc噴泉控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計. 蘭州石化職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報,2006 2 王傳艷.三菱plc在花式噴泉控制系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用,天津

11、大學(xué)自動化學(xué)院，2007 3 郭艷萍，李曉波.plc在花式噴泉控制系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用,漯河職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院，2007 4張延燦. 噴泉工程發(fā)展及其設(shè)計問題(上). 給水排水， 1998，24(7)：4750 第十章 附錄 附錄1 控制面板設(shè)計附錄2 梯形圖附錄3 指令表 0 ld x0001 mps2 and x0013 call p06 mrd7 and x0028 call p111 mrd12 and x00313 call p216 mpp17 and x00418 call p321 p022 ld x00623 and m10024 or m10025 ani x00526 out m100

12、27 ld m428 and t329 or m030 or m800231 ani m132 out m033 ld m034 and m10035 or m136 ani m237 out m138 out t0 k2041 out m3042 ld m143 and t044 or m245 ani m346 out m247 out t1 k2050 out m4051 ld m252 and t153 or m354 ani m455 out m356 out t2 k2059 out m5060 ld m361 and t262 or m463 ani m064 out m465

13、out m6066 out t3 k18069 fend70 p171 ld m20072 and x00673 or m20074 ani x00575 out m20076 ld m977 and t778 or m800279 or m080 ani m681 out m082 ld m083 and m20084 or m685 ani m786 out m687 out m6188 out t4 k2091 ld m692 and t493 or m794 ani m895 out m796 out m5197 out t5 k20100 ld m7101 and t5102 or

14、m8103 ani m9104 out m8105 out m41106 out t6 k20109 ld m8110 and t6111 or m9112 ani m0113 out m9114 out m31115 out t7 k300118 fend119 p2120 ld m300121 and x006122 or m300123 ani x005124 out m300125 ld m13126 and t11127 or m8002128 or m0129 ani m10130 out m0131 ld m300132 and m0133 or m10134 ani m1113

15、5 out m10136 out m21137 out m23138 out t8 k30141 ld t8142 or m11143 ani m12144 out m11145 out m20146 out m22147 out t9 k30150 ld t9151 and m11152 or m12153 ani m0154 out m12155 out t10 k150158 ld m12159 and t10160 or m13161 ani m0162 out m13163 out t11 k300166 ld m13167 or m20168 out m32169 ld m1317

16、0 or m21171 out m42172 ld m13173 or m22174 out m52175 ld m13176 or m23177 out m62178 fend179 p3180 ld m400181 and x006182 or m400183 ani x005184 out m400185 ld m16186 and t16187 or m8002188 or m0189 ani m13190 out m0191 ld m0192 and m400193 or m13194 out m13195 ld m13196 ani t1197 out t0 k10200 ld t

17、0201 out t1 k10204 out m70205 ldi m80206 out m71207 ldp m70209 sftr m71 m80 k4 k1218 ldp m70220 out t12 k300223 ld t12224 out m14225 ld m14226 and t12227 ani t3228 out t2 k10231 ld t2232 out t3 k10235 out m72236 ldi m84237 out m73238 ldp m72240 sftr m73 m84 k4 k1249 ldp m72251 out t13 k300254 ld t13

18、255 out m15256 ld m15257 ani t5258 and t13259 out t4 k10262 ld t4263 out t5 k10266 out m74267 ldi m88268 out m75269 ldp m74271 sftl m75 m88 k4 k1280 ldp m74282 ani m0283 out t16 k300286 ld t16287 out m16288 ld m80289 or m84290 or m88291 or m16292 out m33293 ld m81294 or m85295 or m89296 or m16297 ou

19、t m43298 ld m82299 or m86300 or m90301 or m16302 out m53303 ld m83304 or m87305 or m91306 or m16307 out m63308 fend309 ld m30310 or m31311 or m32312 or m33313 out y000314 ld m40315 or m41316 or m42317 or m43318 out y001319 ld m50320 or m51321 or m52322 or m53323 out y002324 ld m60325 or m61326 or m6

20、2327 or m63328 out y003329 endag an employment tribunal clai emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses

21、you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. for more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.

22、 most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal. you can make

23、 a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. remember that in most cases you must make a

24、n application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you if you are being represe

25、nted by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.your

26、e clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribuna

27、l, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch m cay man islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match t

28、omorrow and i have asked to meet ya ya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, presi

29、dent of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the begi

30、nning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do som

31、ething, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many thing

32、s really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over

33、 the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction

34、when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的

35、成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ide

36、as are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have be

37、en doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment,

38、the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do

39、, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have t

40、o be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 mil

41、es/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. we often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in

42、our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. we try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. we need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of

43、life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時，我們常常會關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. the items listed below

44、are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. when the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. when

45、 we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. we take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會變得更強烈更真實悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷by util

46、izing our breath we soften our experiences. if we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。2. embrace the uncomfortable we all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. we

47、 know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. we can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我們都經(jīng)歷過焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受過恐懼造成的生理反應(yīng)：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻騰。其實，我們有能力面對這些痛苦的感受，從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。the initial impulse is to run away to t

48、ry and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. when we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. the next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. act in spite of the fear.我們的第一反應(yīng)總是逃避以為否認不安情緒的存在就能萬事大吉，可這也恰好妨礙了我們經(jīng)歷最需要的生活體驗。下次感到不安時，不管有多害怕，也請試著勇敢面對吧。3. ask your heart what it wants傾聽內(nèi)心were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. instead of always taking this approach, what if we en