(教師用)高中名詞性從句講解

1、專(zhuān)題7 ：名詞性從句一、概念 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等, 因此可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。主要考查語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題、連接詞選用、時(shí)態(tài)的 呼應(yīng)等Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 2. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

2、的連接詞可分為三類(lèi): 從屬連詞： that, whether, if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分 連接代詞: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、賓、表、補(bǔ)） 連接副詞: when,where,how,why, however, wherever（狀）主語(yǔ)從句的用法一、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ), 它可以位于句首, 但常見(jiàn)的主語(yǔ)從句多放在句末,句首則用形式主語(yǔ)it。1That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round2. W

3、hether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分,只起連接作用,不能省略 (注: if不可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whateve

4、r we do must be in the interests of the people.3.常見(jiàn)的it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)常用詞語(yǔ)It is + 名詞 + that從句It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is + 形容詞 + that從句It is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that這類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形It is + 過(guò)去分詞 + that從句It is said/reported/decided/known/t

5、hatIt + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句It seemed/happened/doesnt matter/has turned out/that1 / 6二、it 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 it 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu), 主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:u It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.u It doesnt interest me whether you succeed

6、 or not.u It is in the morning that the murder took place.u It is John that broke the window.賓語(yǔ)從句的用法句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + 連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞) + 賓語(yǔ)從句；在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞之后,賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)上。 I dont believe he will go. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he? You /They dont think h

7、e can do it ,do they?在接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中, 為了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式賓語(yǔ),將從句放于句尾, 常接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. Ithinkitapitytowastethefood表語(yǔ)從句的用法在復(fù)合句中用作表語(yǔ)的從句是表語(yǔ)從句, 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從

8、句。 Thats what we should do. Thats why I want to see you. The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 1. be, seem, look等動(dòng)詞后均可跟表語(yǔ)從句： My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up lat

9、e. 3. 在非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill注意:在表語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)reason做主語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用because,如:他遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有趕上早班車(chē)。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. 同位語(yǔ)從句的用法 在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用.一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion,truth , hope , problem, inf

10、ormation, belief, doubt, question dream advice, proof decision等之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.1.The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.2.I have no idea when they will go. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞

11、后的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略.同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開(kāi)：The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won九大熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題1.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的名詞（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)）。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說(shuō)

12、明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Da

13、d made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）2.語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題（名詞性從句用陳述語(yǔ)序）3.whetherif的區(qū)別 I. Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow. II. It all depends on whether the sky will clear up. III. The question is whether the film is well worth seeing. IV. Can you te

14、ll me whether or not the train has left? V. Whether it is true remains a problem. VI. He doesnt know whether to stay. A.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，位于及物動(dòng)詞后 B.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，位于介詞后 C.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，放句首 D.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句 E. 可與or not 直接連用4.Whatthat的區(qū)別（在名詞性從句中） I. I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. II. His mother is sa

15、tisfied with what he has done. III. That he was able to come made us happy. IV. This is what makes us interested. V. The reason was that Tod had never seen the million-pound note before. 所引導(dǎo)的從句中是否缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)意義 能否省略 What 缺 什么；所的 東西、事情 否 that 不缺 無(wú)意義 賓語(yǔ)從句中能省略5.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的省略情況1)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，

16、不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2)賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語(yǔ)或者從句主語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；I think ,he said,that Tom will come.（B）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)(或帶兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句)，that不能?。唬–）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉（很少在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓從，只在except,but ,beside ,in 后才用。

17、介詞后一般用what,whether連接，不用 which， if連接）如：Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.6.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論誰(shuí)”。7.Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。Where, when, why等連接副

18、詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個(gè)詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。7疑問(wèn)詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞的區(qū)別。疑問(wèn)詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑問(wèn)詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matt

19、er + 疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.考點(diǎn)解析【考點(diǎn)1】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that與what的使用場(chǎng)合。that 引導(dǎo)名從時(shí)，無(wú)意義不當(dāng)句子成分，只是引導(dǎo)詞；而what引導(dǎo)名從時(shí)，在從句中要充當(dāng)主賓表等句子成分，what表“什么”=all that或sth. that Tips：定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞中，有that沒(méi)有what。1.The mountain is no longer _ it used to be

20、.A. which B. that C. what D. as 2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if3.The thought of going back home was _kept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that B.all that C.all what D.which4.You can only be sure of_ you have at

21、present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that【考點(diǎn)2】“(should) + do”在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常用句型有: （1） It is necessary, (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. （2） It is suggested,(requested, proposed, desired, e

22、tc.) that. （3）一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，desire, require，request）。 （4） 主語(yǔ)是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表 “建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定”等意思的詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) + do”。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 1

23、. I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. be sent; was feelingB. was sent; sentC. be sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel 【考點(diǎn)3】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however可以引導(dǎo)名從和讓步狀從；no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how只能引導(dǎo)讓步主語(yǔ)從