碩士研究生英語Introduction

1、translation theory and practicethe first semester of 2012-2013about the teacher 周小玲（fanny） associate professor ph. d in translation how to contact:syllabus of this course 32 hours within 16weeks: translation theory 30% translation practice 70%teaching schedule week 1: introduction to tr

2、anslation week 2: general principles of translation week 3: contrastive studies of english and chinese. week 4: translation and style week 5: choice of words week 6: conversion week 7: addition/amplification week 8: omission week 9: affirmative and negative week 10: passive voice week 11: clauses we

3、ek 12: long sentences week 13: idioms week 14: onomatopoetic words week 15: loaned words week 16: translation and culture requirements of this courseattendance 30%exercises and autonomous learning 30% class performance 20%final paper 20%you are require to preparean english-chinese dictionarytwo exer

4、cise booksto login useful websites for english learnersfinal exam (close)1. phrase translation，2. sentence translation，3. translation improvement 4. passage translation text book 50% handouts 50%aims of this courseto master basic knowledge and theories about translation, to understand better the dif

5、ferences between english and chinese, to acquire some skills ,techniques and strategies in translating, to develop abilities to translate efficiently and effectively. lecture oneintroduction to translationoutlines of this lectureua brief introduction to the history of english-chinese translation.uwh

6、at is translation?uwhat are the criteria of translation ?(the assessment of translation)uthe competence of a qualified translator.2.brief introduction to the history of english-chinese translation.古代佛經(jīng)翻譯：玄奘明末清初的西學(xué)（科技、文學(xué)、哲學(xué)等）翻譯：林紓、嚴(yán)復(fù)五四前后的新文學(xué)翻譯：胡適、矛盾、郁達(dá)夫、魯迅、周作人、林語堂、朱生豪、朱光潛現(xiàn)代：錢鐘書、許淵沖、楊必、王佐良、張谷若等famous

7、chinese translators 嚴(yán)嚴(yán) 復(fù)復(fù) 錢鍾書錢鍾書 朱生豪朱生豪 許淵沖許淵沖 傅傅 雷雷 楊楊 必必 王佐良王佐良 it may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before caesar set foot in southern britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of the room in which i write, was in what called “there state of nature”. （huxley evolu

8、tion and ethics） 赫胥黎獨(dú)處一室之中，在英倫之南， 背山而面野。檻外諸境，歷歷如在幾下。乃懸想兩千年前，當(dāng)羅馬大將凱撒徹底未到時，此間有何景物。（嚴(yán)復(fù)譯天演論）作品初作品初覽覽 homeindexbackforth作品初作品初覽覽homeindexbackforth to b|or nt|to b,|that is|the qus|tion, whethr | tis nb|ler in|the mind | to sf|fer the slings | and r|rows of| outr|geous fr|tune, or to|take rms|aginst|a sa|

9、of trubles,| and by opposing, end them. (hamlet iii,i,56-60) a）生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題：默然忍受命運(yùn)的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難，通過斗爭把它們掃清，這兩種行為，哪一種更高貴？(朱生豪) b）死后還是存在，還是不存在，這是問題；究竟要忍受這強(qiáng)暴的命運(yùn)的矢石，還是要拔劍和這滔天的恨事拼命相關(guān)，才是英雄氣概呢？（梁實(shí)秋） c.活下去|還是|不活，|這是個|問題，| 要做到|高貴，|究竟該|忍氣|吞聲| 來忍受|狂暴的|命運(yùn)|矢石|交攻呢，| 還是該|挺身|反抗|無邊的|苦惱，| 掃它個|干凈？|（卞之琳）作品

10、初作品初覽覽homeindexbackforth作品初作品初覽覽homeindexbackforth作品初作品初覽覽他人評他人評價價homeindexbackforthhomeindexbackforth3.what is translation translation is a science. translation is an art. translation is a craft. translation is a skill. translation is an operation. translation is a language activity. translation is

11、 communicating. ” different views on translationlinguistic views on translationcultural views on translationliterary views on translationsemantic views on translationfunctional views on translationcommunicative views on translation3.1linguistic views on translation translating consists in reproducin

12、g in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (nida) 從語義到文體在譯入語中用貼近而又最自然的對等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息。 translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (sl) by equivalent tex

13、tual material in another language. (tl). (catford) 3.2cultural views on translation translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures. there are terms as “intercultural communication”, “intercultural cooperation”, “accuturation” and “transcul

14、turation”3.3literary views on translation translation is an artistic recreation or a recreated art. the manipulation or rewriting of the source texts.3.4semantic views on translationfocus on the semantic equivalence between two languagestranslation means translating meaning.in semantic translation,

15、greater attention is paid to rendering the authors original thought-processes in target language than to attempting to re-interpret source text.3.5functional views on translation translation is a specific form of human action with a certain purpose, a kind of linguistic service provided to the socie

16、ty. translators take the need of client, the reader, the society into consideration.3.6 communicative views on translation the translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced by the original on the source language readers translation is a communicative p

17、rocess which takes place within a social context.types of translation complete translation（全文翻譯） selected translation（節(jié)譯） rewriting translation（改譯） adapted translation（編譯） abstract translation（摘譯） comprehensive translation（綜譯）4.the assessment of translation translation criteria put forward by famous

18、 translation theorists: 嚴(yán)復(fù)嚴(yán)復(fù)1853-1921：triple principles of translation信faithfulness:內(nèi)容忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確達(dá)expressiveness：表達(dá)通順流暢雅elegance/gracefulness：風(fēng)格古雅 alexander tytler, a famous british translation theorist also put forward the three principles of translation(1790)1, the translation should give a complete tran

19、script of the ideas of the original work.2, the style and manner of writing in the translation should be of the same character with that of the original.3, the translation should have all the ease of the original composition.criteria put forward by other chinese translation theoristsu魯迅：信faithfulnes

20、s, 順smoothness,寧信勿順u林語堂: 忠實(shí)faithfulness, 通順smoothness, 美beautifulnessu傅雷：神似resemblance in spiritu錢鐘書：化境transmigration of spiritu劉重德：信、達(dá)、切（faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness） 許淵沖許淵沖：翻譯了許多法國作品，追憶似水年華、紅與黑，包法利夫人等；翻譯了唐詩宋詞元曲，毛澤東詩詞等。 不愛紅妝愛武裝 do not powder the face but face the powder.“美、化、之”翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn) “三

21、美”（意美、音美、形美）、“三似”（形似、意似、神似）、“三化”（深化、等化、淺化）、“三之”（知之、好之、樂之） 千山鳥飛絕， 萬徑人蹤滅。 孤舟蓑笠翁， 獨(dú)釣寒江雪 fish in snow from hill to hill no bird in flight. from path to path no man in sight. a straw-cloakd man afloat, behold! is fishing snow on river cold.other factors affecting the evaluation of translationthe intentio

22、n of the authorthe purpose of the translationthe needs of the clientthe reader for whom the translation is intendedthe style and nature of the original work.the cost and time requirementssummary*1. 譯文要忠實(shí)于原文；譯文要忠實(shí)于原文；*2. 譯文要通順；譯文要通順； 3. 譯文風(fēng)格要和原文風(fēng)格一致；譯文風(fēng)格要和原文風(fēng)格一致；*4. 要考慮讀者的反應(yīng)和感受。要考慮讀者的反應(yīng)和感受。 譯者一也 譯者藝也

23、 譯者異也 譯者依也 譯者怡也 譯者易也example i love my love with an e, because shes enticing; i hate her with an e, because shes engaged; i took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her names emily, and she lives in the east. (charles dickens david copperfield ) 譯文1：我愛我的愛人為了一個e，因?yàn)樗莈n

24、ticing（迷人的），我恨我的愛人為了一個e,因?yàn)樗莈ngaged（訂了婚的）。我用我的愛人象征exquisite（美妙）,我勸我的愛人從事elopement（私奔），她的名字是emily（愛彌麗），她的住處在east（東方）。(董秋斯) 譯文:2：我愛我的愛，因?yàn)樗L得實(shí)在招人愛。我恨我的愛，因?yàn)樗换貓笪业膼?。我?guī)е綊熘∈幾诱信频囊患遥退勄檎f愛。我請她看一出潛逃私奔，為的是我能和她長久你親我愛。她的名字叫愛彌麗，她的家住在愛仁里。（張谷若譯） 譯文3：我愛我的那個“麗”，可愛迷人有魅力；我恨我的那個“麗”，要和他人結(jié)伉儷；她文雅大方又美麗，和我私逃去游歷；她芳名就叫愛米麗，家

25、住東方人俏麗。（馬紅軍譯） 譯文4： 吾愛吾愛，因伊可愛；吾恨吾愛，因伊另有所愛。吾視吾愛，神圣之愛，吾攜吾愛，私逃為愛；吾愛名愛米麗，吾東方之愛。（中國翻譯） 網(wǎng)絡(luò)版本 我愛我的愛人，因?yàn)樗苊匀?；我恨我的愛人，因已許配他人；她在我心中是美人，我?guī)奖迹员荛_外人；她名叫虞美人，是東方麗人。 愛她也為一個“人”，魅力無邊迷死人；恨她也為一個“人”，錯訂終身許他人。滿眼看她是完人，帶她私奔瞞眾人。她叫愛彌麗好可人，家住東邊想煞人。英語專業(yè)八級的翻譯要求tem8 能運(yùn)用翻譯的理論和技巧，將英美報刊上的文章以及文學(xué)原著譯成漢語，或?qū)⑽覈鴪罂㈦s志上的文章和一般文學(xué)作品譯成英譯，速度速度為每小時2

26、50-300個英文單詞。譯文要求忠實(shí)原意，語言流暢忠實(shí)原意，語言流暢。英語專業(yè)八級考試英譯漢評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)優(yōu)秀100-90良好89-80中等79-70及格69-60不及格59以下忠實(shí)60%原文的信息全部傳達(dá)，語氣風(fēng)格與原文一致除個別次要信息有疏漏外，原文重要信息全部傳達(dá)，語氣風(fēng)格與原文一致有少量理解錯誤或漏譯，但主要精神與原文一致有個別重大錯誤或漏譯，部分信息含混，但總體達(dá)意誤譯、漏譯多，不能傳達(dá)原文主要精神通順40%斷句恰當(dāng)，句式正確，選詞妥帖，有一定文采選詞較正確、得體。句子組織安排符合漢語規(guī)范拘泥于英文的句式，行文不夠順達(dá)，但沒有重大的選詞和句式錯誤語句不夠連貫，行文晦澀，有個別重大選詞和句式

27、錯誤用詞不當(dāng)，行文不通順，語言不符合漢語規(guī)范look at the following examples to see which translated versions are better from there i could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. it was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. 從那里，我可以看見下面的整個山谷，那田野、河流和村莊。這一切非常美麗，見到后使我心里充滿了

28、渴望。 從這里望下去，整個山谷一覽無遺，只見那田野、河流和村莊，全都美不勝收，真叫我心馳神往。5, the competence of a translator 1,excellent command of the two languages: bilingual competence (understanding and expressing) 2,considerable knowledge of the two cultures 3.adequate knowledge of the subject matter 4, fair capacity for writing 5, plent

29、y of practice and adequate knowledge of translation theories and skills 6.skills in the use of information technology a translator should know something of everything and everything of somethingimprove or correct the followingtranslations. this large body of men had met on the previous night, despit

30、e the elements which were opposed to them, a heavy rain falling the whole of the night and drenching them to the skin. 這一大群人頭天晚上還是聚到了一起，盡管老天與他們做對盡管老天與他們做對，整夜下著傾盆大雨，大家被淋得渾身濕透。 （盡管天公不作美；把大家淋得渾身濕透） i was never cut out to be a doctor, she said recently. i got queasy, found it unappetizing and didnt it s

31、timulating particularly either. 原譯：前不久，她說：“我根本不是想當(dāng)醫(yī)生 。當(dāng)醫(yī)生我感到不自在，覺得沒有吸引力，也不感到特別刺激?！?改譯：前不久，她說：“我根本不是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的料。當(dāng)醫(yī)生我感到不自在，覺得沒有吸引力，也不感到特別刺激?！?i wish peace could be saved at the eleventh hour. （comprehension） 原譯：我希望在第十一點(diǎn)鐘和平可以得救。 改譯：我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。 this failure was the making of him. 原譯：這次失敗是他造成的。 改譯：這次失敗促使他成

32、功。 he wanted to learn, to know, to teach. (expression) 原譯：a,他要學(xué)習(xí)、知道和教。(機(jī)械對應(yīng)) b,他渴望博學(xué)廣聞、喜歡追根窮源。并且好為人師。（過度發(fā)揮） 改譯：他想學(xué)習(xí)知識、增長知識、也想傳授知識。/他想學(xué)習(xí)、增長知識、也愿意教人。 the little chaps good-natured honest face won his way for him. 原譯：這個小伙子的老實(shí)、脾氣又好的臉蛋為他開辟了一條路。 改譯：這小伙子面相老實(shí)、性情隨和，到處吃得開/因此有人緣。john can be relied on. he eats

33、no fish and plays the game.約翰很可靠。他既忠實(shí)，又守規(guī)矩。/他忠實(shí)得齋日不吃葷，凡事都循規(guī)蹈矩。didnt she swear shed never again believe anything in trousers?她不是發(fā)誓從此以后再也不 相信男子漢嗎？not without reason mr. dulles was called a bull in the indo-china shop.難怪人們說dulles在印度中國問題上像一頭闖進(jìn)瓷器店的公牛，一動就闖禍。（a bull in a china shop）the japanese imperialist

34、s tried to make hell while the sun shines.日本帝國主義者想趁著末日來臨之前抓緊時機(jī)，垂死掙扎。（make hay while the sun shines.）have a try a: into englishif it worked once, it can work twice.the child has started going on all fours.62 例例1：if it worked once, it can work twice. 如果它能工作一次，它就能工作兩次。如果它能工作一次，它就能工作兩次。 如果它一旦起作用，它能作用兩次。

35、如果它一旦起作用，它能作用兩次。 如果再操作一次，它能工作兩次。如果再操作一次，它能工作兩次。 要是馬上干的話，能干兩倍的活。要是馬上干的話，能干兩倍的活。 一旦開始，永不停息。一旦開始，永不停息。 舉一反三。舉一反三。 如果它一旦工作，就將取得兩倍功效。如果它一旦工作，就將取得兩倍功效。 立即工作，效率兩倍。立即工作，效率兩倍。 萬事開頭難。萬事開頭難。 一次得手，再次不愁。一次得手，再次不愁?！窘馕鼋馕觥科鋵?shí)這是一則諺語，答案是其實(shí)這是一則諺語，答案是 。對于。對于諺語、熟語、俗語等，翻譯時一定要多查辭典諺語、熟語、俗語等，翻譯時一定要多查辭典, , 多翻閱資料，不能似是而非，憑想當(dāng)然去譯

36、。多翻閱資料，不能似是而非，憑想當(dāng)然去譯。63 例例2:the child has started going on all fours. 人類起源于四肢動物。人類起源于四肢動物。 人類經(jīng)歷了四個階段。人類經(jīng)歷了四個階段。 這個小孩已經(jīng)四歲了。這個小孩已經(jīng)四歲了。 孩子會爬了。孩子會爬了。 這個小孩開始全面發(fā)育。這個小孩開始全面發(fā)育。 那個孩子開始四管齊下。那個孩子開始四管齊下。 這個男孩四周觀望。這個男孩四周觀望。 這個男孩開始闖蕩四方。這個男孩開始闖蕩四方。 這個男孩每天四點(diǎn)出發(fā)。這個男孩每天四點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 孩子們開始四面離散。孩子們開始四面離散。 這個孩子四處奔波。這個孩子四處奔波。 這個孩

37、子已經(jīng)鼓足干勁，全力以赴。這個孩子已經(jīng)鼓足干勁，全力以赴。 這孩子一年四季忙個不停。這孩子一年四季忙個不停。 孩子們赤身裸足地玩起來了。孩子們赤身裸足地玩起來了。 這個小孩在接受四個方面的訓(xùn)練。這個小孩在接受四個方面的訓(xùn)練。 小孩在滿四歲時就什么都懂了。小孩在滿四歲時就什么都懂了。 這個孩子已經(jīng)開始跳在四個孩子當(dāng)中。這個孩子已經(jīng)開始跳在四個孩子當(dāng)中。 那個孩子已經(jīng)同時進(jìn)行四個項(xiàng)目了。那個孩子已經(jīng)同時進(jìn)行四個項(xiàng)目了。 1. 青島今昔 2. 全世界人民 3. 黃色錄像（電影） 4. 不見不散 5. 文如其人 6. 1997年7月1日零點(diǎn)整，香港回歸祖國。 7. 9.11 事件 b 漢譯英漢譯英 （

38、into english）651 青島今昔青島今昔【譯文譯文】 qingdao yesterday and todayqingdao past and presentqingdaos yesterday and todayqingdao: yesterday and todayqingdao: past and presentqingdao, yesterday and todayqingdao, past and present662. 全世界人民全世界人民【譯文譯文】people of all countriespeople all over the worldpeople in the

39、worldpeople under the sunpeople on the earthpeople the world overpeople across the worldpeople around the worldpeople round the worldpeople throughout the worldpeople in all parts of the world （parts 前用前用 all 較好）較好）people in every corner of the world （corner 前用前用 every 較好）較好）the whole world673黃色錄像（電

40、影）黃色錄像（電影）【譯文譯文】blue video (films)4不見不散不見不散【譯文譯文】be there or be square5文如其人文如其人 【譯文譯文】the style is the man.61997年年7月月1日零點(diǎn)整，香港回歸祖國。日零點(diǎn)整，香港回歸祖國?！咀g文譯文】exactly at zero hours, july 1, 1997, hong kong returned to china.7 9.11事件事件【譯文譯文】sept.11 attacks / the tragedy of sept.11 / 9.11681he has a weakness for smoking.a他有抽煙的缺點(diǎn)。他有抽煙的缺點(diǎn)。b他有抽煙的癖好。他有抽煙的癖好。2a cat is a cleanly animal.a貓是一種干凈的動物。貓是一種干凈的動物。b貓是喜愛清潔的動物。貓是喜愛清潔的動物。 課堂互動課堂互動 1 1：找找哪個譯文正確找找哪個譯文正確693he is dead，as i live.a他死了，我還活著。他死了，我還活著。b他的確死了。他的確