英語畢業(yè)論文124：從《魯賓遜漂流記》看創(chuàng)新精神和知足長(zhǎng)樂

1、從魯賓遜漂流記看創(chuàng)新精神和知足長(zhǎng)樂The Spirit of Innovation and SatisfactionThe Thought of The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeAbstractAt present, society develops very quickly. But gradually, it cannot move on at the same speed. Therefore, it is necessary to find some new impetus for everyone. In th

2、is research, the author discovers the spirit of innovation and satisfaction of life of Robinson Crusoe from The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. Nowadays, the spirit of innovation is good for the college students and the teachers and students in high school. The satisfaction of lif

3、e is a good philosophy of life for people to consider the relation between wealth and happiness.Key WordsRobinson Crusoe; isolated; innovation; satisfaction 摘要目前，社會(huì)發(fā)展得很迅速。但是逐漸地，它不能以相同的速度向前發(fā)展了。因此，現(xiàn)在對(duì)于每個(gè)人來說需要找到發(fā)展的新動(dòng)力。在這篇文章中，作者從魯賓遜漂流記中的魯賓遜身上，找到創(chuàng)新精神和知足長(zhǎng)樂精神?，F(xiàn)今，創(chuàng)新精神對(duì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和中學(xué)里的師生有很大的用處。知足長(zhǎng)樂是人們思考財(cái)富與幸福的關(guān)系的一種

4、好的生活哲學(xué)觀。關(guān)鍵詞魯賓遜；孤獨(dú)的；創(chuàng)新；知足 IntroductionAt present, the world develops quickly. But gradually, it speeds down. Without any activity, it has no impetus to develop. Filled with creativity, it can continue to move. Now the duty of every nation is to search for creativity and learn how to apply to their st

5、udy, work and life.Almost everyone has ever read The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. It was the best seller and well known tales of adventure in the 18th century. Many people have researched it from many aspects, such as Puritanism and desolated island characteristics in it, but f

6、ew have researched it to discover the spirit of innovation and satisfaction of life from Robinson Crusoe. The author tries to illustrate these two aspects and their meaningful application in present society. . Introduction of The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe Life and Surprisi

7、ng Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is a famous novel in British literature. It tells some adventures of Robinson, the most adventurous one is his life on an isolated island. A. Main Idea of The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe tells

8、 a story about a young man named Robinson Crusoe. In fact, he lives a comfortable life before his first sailing. But he is persisted in sailing with his friend at the first time. During this sailing, they are caught in a storm. Fortunately, they land safely. But he does not reconcile himself to an i

9、nsipid life. Then, he continues to go sailing. This time, their ship is attacked by pirates. After that, he sails to Africa, they are caught in hurricane. What a pity! Only he is alive, but he is on an isolated island. There are no other people on this island or around the island. Beyond all expecta

10、tion, he uses the tools and seeds which he gets from the sunken ship to create houses, makes clothes and grows crops. He has enough food to eat, such as rice, mutton, grapes and fish. He yet does not concern himself about his clothes.Robinson lives there comfortable and healthy, with his courage and

11、 belief. He creates something with simple and crude tools miraculously. In his spare time, he read Bile. God always blesses him, like the most story and movie. Hero comes back to England at the end of the novel.B. Introduction of the Author of Daniel DefoeThe Life and Surprising Adventures of Robins

12、on Crusoe is written by Daniel Defoe. In his life, there are full of amazing achievements and failures. He once did business, entered politics, and he once was sent to prison. However, he has made a brilliant accomplishment in literature. He is erudite, his successes including fictions, poems, news,

13、 biographies, and travel notes. So he is called “father of Britain fiction” and “father of Europe fiction”. Moll Flanders, Captain Singleton, A Journal of the Plague Year, and Roxana are all his famous works. And among all his works, his first and the most celebrated one is The Life and Surprising A

14、dventures of Robinson Crusoe. Because of this work, Defoe becomes the first one to write adventure on the sea. He also writes the first fiction of realism and describes the first good bourgeoiss image. . Present Situation of ResearchMany experts and translators have researched it and commented diffe

15、rently on Daniel Defoe and his tale The Life and Surprising Adventure of Robinson Crusoe by their own angles of views.A. Desolated Island CharacteristicsMontesquieu introduces that the character of a nation grows out of its geography（Montesquieu，1982）. Desolated island characteristics in British are

16、 related to its geographic environments. Britain sets on the sea and its people are stubborn. They like adventures and explorations. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is a typical example. There is an extensive environment which is far away from the complex society in this tale.

17、Only the sea is around this desolated island. No land can be seen. The experience of Robinson corresponds with the structure of desolated island characteristics. He does not cower, and seeks for survival by his endeavor. He spends several months making a canoe. After finishing this work, he finds th

18、at it needs twelve years to dig a river and put into sea. He has to give that canoe up. But, he still cuts down tree to make another canoe near the sea. It takes him two years. He finds a little seed of rice by accident, and then he sows some. Because he does not do it at right time, he cannot get a

19、 good harvest. He does not lose heart, and sows some seed again. He is not bored with working. Without anybodys help on an isolated island he creates his implements of production, food, houses and clothes.B. Puritanism in The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoePuritanism takes an impor

20、tant place in Britain in the 17th and 18th century. So, it also affects Daniel Defoe. In The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, this notion of region is reflected. Robinson is alone on the desolated island, so he is a hard working man. He must do everything by himself. He spends many

21、 days on making a canoe, and he makes the earthen pots again and again. The confession of Robinson also can display Defoes Puritanism. He always read Bible and longs for some strength given from God. Sometimes, he makes some wrong decisions and gets bad results. Then he prays for Gods forgiveness an

22、d inclines to rectify his behavior. In this novel, individualism is indispensable. Robison is one of the middle bourgeoisies. He has the traditional notion of capitalism, so he makes everything for himself. Robinson saves Friday with his advanced gun. And he educates Friday with his the tenets of th

23、e Christian religion. Then, Friday is civilized. At the same time, he becomes the slave of Robinson. These all can reflect Robinsons individualism. And Defoe thinks that what Robinson does is aims to create individual wealth. Its motivation is individualism. C. The Starting Point of Historical Devel

24、opmentJin Liuchun mentions that if Robinson did not get the necessity of life, maybe he would be eaten by the animal or savages(金留春，1979). The things he gets from the ship are necessary to Robisons survival, especially the kinds of tools. Having these tools from the civilized society, he does not ne

25、ed to create tools from Stone Age. He can create tools at a high level. Besides that, he gets other things from the sunken ship, such as canvas, rope and board. These also are the basic things of his life. Therefore, he can live there comfortable, having safe houses, abundant food, and warm clothes.

26、 The notion of survival, enemy and friend, enterprise, and self-defense are all taken to the desolated island by Robinson. So the individual is not the starting point of historical development. . Edification from The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe As for China, despite the fact th

27、at the teenagers and the youth are dominant parts of the population, yet they are lacking in energy. So, activity is becoming scarce in the society. If one did not have an aspiring spirit, his life would be mediocre. If a country did not have confidence to be a member of the developed country, it wo

28、uld be a member of developing country forever. Therefore impetus is needed from the spirit of innovation badly. And people should cherish their happiness, not seek more things that they cannot get in their whole life.A. A Spirit of Innovation1. The Innovative Ways of the College GraduatesIn the past

29、, having a job was as having a golden bowl what they lived on. Now, there is a new idea-hopping job. There are many reasons that why they hop their jobs, such as impulse of emotion, a bad management and changing the leaders frequently. Besides, the innovation is another reason. At first, they pursue

30、 their objects, including higher salaries, positions, welfare and fames. Then they break this phenomenon that the bosses dismiss his employees. They are not willing to bear their bosses bad temper, so they resign on their initiatives. They settle their own companies and become their own bosses.The c

31、ollege students, especially the graduates must have innovation, due to the pressure of employment. After three or four years learning, they have mastered some professional knowledge. But how they get a job? The most important thing is that they should possess innovation. Every year, there are a larg

32、e number of graduates. So, there is a stormy competition. But, it is unnecessary to be fearful of that. They should be confident that we are able to find a good job. If a chance is available to hunt for a job, just go to have a try. The innovation can spur them to receiving this challenge and surmou

33、nting the biggest barrier from their hearts. But some graduates who have innovation yet can not find a job. There is another reason. They are much too arrogant. They look some jobs up and down, and think that the jobs would disgrace themselves if they did these jobs. At present, they should discard

34、this outdated notion. They attempt to do it on condition that it is a potential job. They must forecast its long-rang profit. Then it can impel their innovation to work.As for the college graduates, there is another way to settle the employment. It is that they can start an enterprise by themselves.

35、 But at first, they should have innovation. If they possess it, they can apply the knowledge they have grasped to exploit some new resources. Then they can make use of them to produce a new product. At the same time, they do not need to frustrate by their bosses excessive request. So they can become

36、 their own bosses. According to their own ideas, they learn how to manage a business company and how to succeed.Not only in foreign countries, but also in China there are many typical examples. One of the senior students in international trade had set up three companies. The first one had closed dow

37、n, but now he makes a profit from the other two companies. At the beginning, he built a cultural company. Because of the intervention from the government, his company did not take up an important place in the market. He had to seek a new business, then he began to do handicrafts wholesale. After tha

38、t, he set up an advertisement company and distributed the shares.This unimaginable thing certainly happens among the college graduates. Although not all of the college students have that accomplishment, they only admire them. But if a college graduate has adequate professional knowledge and competen

39、ce of administration, then exerts his innovation at the right time, he will surely have a wonderful life. 2. Using Innovation in Learning and Teaching English by Teachers and Students in High SchoolNot only learning language but also teaching language is a difficult thing. I major in English and stu

40、dy the English teaching. Accordingly, I took practice teaching at a middle school. During about two months practice teaching, I learnt something valuable from my teacher who instructed me at that school. One of the classes she taught did not have good grades. The students were very naughty not only

41、the boys but the girls. The teacher must explain again and again. But sometimes, they did not understand yet. If I were their English teacher, I would always get angry with them and give them up. On the contrary, she taught them patiently and never lost heart. She had a strong sense of responsibilit

42、y. Besides, she had the spirit of innovation. She used an innovative way to teach them. There is a long distance between the level of knowledge and ability or comprehension of the students and mine. And when they entered this school, they did not have a firm foundation. They need much more time than

43、 the good students to digest the new knowledge. So the teacher needs the spirit of innovation.The teachers who teach the students at senior high school especially should have creativities. The students are all between thirteen years old to fifteen years old. They have their own distinct characters.

44、They do not have a persistent passion to learn English, because their minds and determinations are always changeable. The teachers must attract the students to learn English. Best of all, they should break the traditional approach.Firstly they must revolve the teaching material. Traditional teaching

45、 materials attach importance to grammar. Now the new teaching materials reinforce the practice. There is some speaking and listening practices about the knowledge just explained attached in the lessons. It can help the students acquaint with new grammar, phrases and words and consolidate them by the

46、ir own created sentences. This practice is good for the degree of interaction between the teacher and students. It can make the class become more active, attract the students attentions and prevent them from doing something that is irrelevant to the class. It also can make the teacher become modern,

47、 so the students feel they can communicate with their teacher better than before. It is a good chance for teacher to stride over generation gap. And the teachers turn more accommodating to students. Moreover, the teachers can observe the extent of language point they have mastered and arrange the ne

48、xt teaching step.There is another innovative point in the new teaching material. It is a part of grammar focus. It helps students conclude them and heightens the importance of the grammar in each lesson. Then the students can gradually conclude and pay attention to them.Secondly they do not begin ou

49、r classes by explaining the new words. It is so boring that their interests will gradually die down. On each lesson, they should give them something fresh. Telling them a funny story or an interesting discussion to introduce the new lesson is an effective way. Grammar has an important position in En

50、glish learning. But learning it is also a dull thing. Applying some more advanced teaching technology can make the teaching become more handy .With visual aids, they can express concretely and attract their more attentions. At the same time, they can comprehend and remember that language point easil

51、y.The students should also have innovations. If they master a few skills, they can feel that is a happy thing. Therefore, they should have innovation to use some efficient skills to learn it. The English majors have learnt English for ten years. At the beginning, they learned it obeying the teachers

52、 requests passively. At that time, they were all new learners. English was a new subject for them. They had no sense of it, so they learned it only following the teachers steps. In junior high school, basically they could learn English by themselves after class. When they enter university, they expa

53、nd the areas of English learning. They learn listening, extensive reading, intensive English, writing, advanced English, etc. They gradually use their own methods to learn, and then establish a theory of English learning.Words are the most basically element of English learning. Listening, reading co

54、mprehension and writing are all based upon them. Accordingly, the students must memorize many words. But memorizing word by word is not workable. First of all, they can divide all the word into three types: simple words, compound words and complex word. Compound words and complex words are based on

55、the simple words. Simple words are easy to memorize. When they memorize compound words and complex word, they firstly remember their roots. So, divide them into several parts. As for compound words, they are consisted by more than one free form. For example, “blackberry” is consisted by “black” and

56、“berry”. So memorizing “black” and “berry” is enough. “Greenback” consists “green” and “back”. Applying this method helps them memorize the forms of these words and their meaning quickly. And it can stay in their heads for a long time.Complex word is more difficult. According to the theory mentioned

57、 above, they divide it in to base or stem and prefix or suffix. Take “discolored” as an example. First, break it three parts: “dis”, “color” and “ed”. “dis” is a prefix having a meaning lacking . “ed” is a sign of past tense. It also can turn a word become an adjective word. Therefore “discolored” m

58、eans becoming fading in color. Divide “impressionism” into “impress”, “ion” and “ism” by the same way. After that, they can memorize it effortlessly.Beside those, blending, clipping, back-formation all can form words. Learning this approach to memorize can make the words stayed easily and durable. E

59、specially when they meet some new words in comprehension, they can guess their meanings. So it also is an important approach to expand their vocabulary.Reading comprehension is another component in English learning. If they want to do well it, they should know how to read, not only knowing literal meaning of every word. Before reading an article, read the questions after the material. Through reading them, guess the top