初中被動語態(tài)

1、被動語態(tài)1 .被動語態(tài)基本規(guī)則1.1. 先看一個例子主動旬： we ask him to sing an english song.被動旬： he is asked to sing an english song by us.1.2. 英語和中文一樣，都有主動和被動的表達方式，主動和被動表達的含義和重點有所不同。當 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者、沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者、需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者都可用被 動語態(tài)。如： 這塊手表是中國制造的。this watch is made in china. 每年都應該種更多的樹。 more trees should be planted every year.

2、世界上越來越多的人學說漢語。chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。many houses were washed away by the flood.1.3. 在主謂賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)中（成為被動語句的條件），原來的動作承受者由賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。根據(jù)英語 規(guī)則，人稱代詞做賓語使用賓格，做主語使用主格，則主動句的賓格（做賓語）應變?yōu)楸粍?句的主格（做主語），由于主語發(fā)生變化，根據(jù) 主謂一致性規(guī)則，謂語也應一致變化。1.4. 主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，代詞主格變成賓格，并由 by引導，放在旬末，表示 “被在

3、有時不關(guān)系原來主語的情況下，甚至可以省略。1.5. 原來的動詞變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。1.6. 時態(tài)保持原來不變。結(jié)論：主（格）賓（格）對換，主謂一致，be +過去分詞，by后置引導。2 .被動語態(tài)其它特殊情況2.1. 帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)she gave me a book.f i was given a book by her.f a book was given to me by her.2.2. （）（動詞后的不定式省略to的要還原）主動句中在感官動詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役動詞let, make, have后跟省略to的不定式，變

4、為被動句時，要加上不定式符號to。he makes the girl stay at home.f the girl is made to stay at home by him.2.3. 不及物動詞沒有賓語，盡管主語為物，表達帶有被動的含義，但不能用被動。如open, lock,第1頁共6頁write, read, sell, clean, washi, cut, burn, drive 等。this kind of pen writes very smoothly.2.4. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)，沒有賓語，盡管主語為物，表達帶有被動的含義，但不能用被動。如look, sound, taste, sme

5、ll 等。moon cakes taste delicious.2.5. () be worth doing用主動形式表被動意義。the book is worth reading.2.6. ()“want/ need /require +doingt目當于 “want/ need / require +to be done”my bike needs repairing.f my bike needs to be repaired.3 .不用被動語態(tài)的情況3.1. 主動句的賓語是each other或反身代詞時，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是主語自己不能用。 the man introduced h

6、imself as mr. white.f himself was introduced as mr. white. ( x) they help each other study english.f each other is helped study english.( x)3.2. 當主動句的謂語動詞是表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時，不能用于被動語態(tài)。we will have a meeting.f a meeting will be had by us. ( x)3.3. 主動句的賓語是不定式或動名詞時，不能用被動語態(tài)。my brother enjoys watching tv.f watchin

7、g tv is enjoyed by my brother. ( x)he asked to have a try.f to have a try was asked. (x)4 .被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別4.1. 被動語態(tài)表示以主語為動作的承受者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。 the shop is closed at 9 00p.m.(動作) the shop is closed today.(狀態(tài))4.2. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配，被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中則沒有。miss wang is satisfied with us.4.3. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。s

8、he s so worried about her exams.4.4. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，而被動語態(tài)則可以用于多種時態(tài)。5 .各種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)（原來的動詞變?yōu)閎e +done （過去分詞），保持主謂一致）5.1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：主動： we clean the classroom.被動：the classroom is cleaned by us.5.2. 一般過去時：主動： he made the kite.被動：the kite was made by him.5.3. 一般將來時：主動：they will plant trees tomorrow.被動：tree

9、s will be planted by them tomorrow.5.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時：主動：jim has finished the work.被動：the work has been finished by jim.5.5. 含有情態(tài)動詞：主動：i can find him.被動： he can be found by me.第6頁共6頁典型例題練習題1. today, computers are really helpful. they everywhere.a. use b. are used c. used d. were used2. the 30th olympic game

10、s in london soon.a. held b. will be held c. were held d. have been held3. chinese by more and more people from all over the world today.a. use b. are used c. used d. were used4. the task in an hour. then we can go home and have a good rest.a. was finishedb. will be finishedc. has been finishedd. can

11、 t be finished5. a new club in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.a. starts b. is started c. has started d. was started6. oh, my god! i can in dtmy key to the office.don t worry. perhaps it at your home.a. left b. has left c. was left d. had left7. people who drink

12、wine to drive after may daya. don t allow b. isn t allowedc. mustn t allow d. mustn t beowed8. because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake-hit areas in sichuan.a. can see b. can be seen c. will be seen d. could be seen9. can you sing thi

13、s english song? of course, i can t. itmany times on the radio.a. taught b. has taught c. is taught d. has been taught10. david, turn off the tv on one is watching it. but it off already! the music is from the radio.a. so that; has been turnedb. when ; has turnedc. if; has been turnedd. because; has turned11. mum , can i go to the zoo