2 計算機輔助人機分析軟件-SAMMIE

1、華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院主講：李哲林E-mail: 計算機輔助人機系統(tǒng)分析 Computer Aided Man Machine System Analysis華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-142目錄3、SAMMIE軟件介紹 3.1 基本功能 3.2 建模方法 3.3 人體數(shù)據(jù)4、 使用SAMMIE進行分析 4.1 觸及范圍 4.2 生物力學 4.3 視野分析華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1433.1 基本功能SAMMIESAMMIE (System for Aiding Man Machine Interaction Evalu

2、ation) is a Computer Aided Design system which assists with the design and evaluation of human workplaces. By providing human-models of fully variable size and shape and a three dimensional modelling environment, SAMMIE enables the investigation of the interactions between any potential user populat

3、ion and a workplace design at the earliest possible stage in the design process.華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1443.1 基本功能A virtual fitting trial with an Automatic Teller Machine designDrivers Direct and Indirect Visionfrom Vehicles華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1453.1 基本功能Reach Contours AnalysisReach Conto

4、urs AnalysisBiomechanical AnalysisBiomechanical Analysis華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1463.2 建模方法 幾個概念：幾個概念： 視圖（View）-通過鼠標控制； 全局軸系統(tǒng)-Global Axis SystemGlobal Axis System 視點（Eye point）和視野（Field of ViewField of View） 工作場所（ Workplace Workplace ）模型世界華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1473.2 建模方法 工作場所中操作對象工作場所中操作對象：

5、對象移動；對象縮放；建模：建模：自建或導入華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1483.3 人體模型SAMMIE中最為重要的部分；人體模型就可以用于評估一個產(chǎn)品或者環(huán)境設計的分析任務中。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1493.3 人體模型自帶人體模型庫自定模型尺寸67usmale.sli Dreyfus: 男性數(shù)據(jù) (1967). 18歲以上的成年男性67usfem.sli Dreyfus: 女性數(shù)據(jù)DD1 (1967). 18歲以上的成年女性81ukmale.sli BODYSPACE (1986). S. Pheasant, 英國1965歲的男性8

6、1ukfem.sli BODYSPACE (1986). S. Pheasant, 英國1965歲的女性98usmale.sli ADULTDATA, DTI, (1998).男性98usfem.sli ADULTDATA, DTI, (1998).女性 類似的有: 中國人, 荷蘭人, 法國人, 德國人, 意大利人, 日本人, 瑞典人, 英國人Aircrew.sli 英國皇家空軍2000型機組 (1971). 18-45 歲. RAE tech. Rept. 73083DEFSTAN-NBC-FIT.sli 英國成年陸軍 (1972). 18-45 歲. DEF STAN 00-25 ANNE

7、X E Corrected for NBC clothing (校正坐高DD2 )DEFSTAN-NBC-VIS.sli 英國成年陸軍(1972) 18-45 歲. DEF STAN 00-25 ANNEX E Corrected for NBC clothing (校正眼高DD3 )Defstan.sli 英國成年陸軍 (1972) 18-45 歲. DEF STAN 00-25 裸體測量數(shù)據(jù)華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14104.1 觸及分析觸及點：指定一個所要到達的對象或者位置，進行位置分析。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14114.1

8、觸及分析觸及范圍：分析可觸及的平面或者立體范圍。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1412練習題：宿舍或地鐵等空間分析要求：（1）兩人一組，下次課討論，然后改進；（2）提交word文檔，包含行為分析、觸及范圍分析；華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院4.2 生物力學人機工程方法 目前人機工程研究理論的數(shù)量很多，包括靜態(tài)施力分析、低背受力分析低背受力分析、作業(yè)姿勢分析、視域分析視域分析、疲勞恢復分析、舒適度分析舒適度分析、NIOSH （National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health）職業(yè)安全健康分析、RULARU

9、LA（Rapid upper limb assessmentRapid upper limb assessment ）上肢分析上肢分析、 OWAS(ovako working-posture analyzing system)姿態(tài)分析等。 進行手動任務的評估，常用RULA、 OWAS和 NIOSH。SAMMIE提供了一些簡單的指標來評估脊柱底部的負載和對脊柱運動起主要作用的豎脊肌的受力情況。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院4.3 視野分析靜態(tài)力分析靜態(tài)力分析華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1415華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1416Bio

10、mechanical AnalysisBiomechanical Analysis）生物力學分析只在Human對象起作用，為了分析的準確需要設置許多信息。首先要設置的是Human 體重。Erector Spinae offset（豎脊?。谥戈P于脊椎底部的豎脊肌的活動，通常我們設置為50到60mm設置兩手的負重。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1417Biomechanical Analysis點擊“Calculate”計算human的受力狀態(tài)。計算結果：指出模型的COG（重心）的坐標為(-4.9,0,978)；Disc Compression（間盤壓力）為902.42N

11、；Exerted by the Erector Spinae（豎脊肌受力）為80.83N；Disc Shear（間盤剪切力）是0N。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1418Biomechanical Analysis可改變human的姿勢和負重重新計算受力狀態(tài)。調(diào)整關節(jié)角度，改變姿勢。改變體重和負重華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1419作業(yè)1分析一站姿工作者在工作中的受力狀態(tài)。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1420作業(yè)2分析用平板電腦或手機時的幾種姿勢的椎間盤受力情況。華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1

12、4214.3 視野分析視線盲區(qū)視線盲區(qū)視線盲區(qū)分為視野盲區(qū)、視力盲區(qū)和障礙盲區(qū)。視野盲區(qū)：直接和間接；視野盲區(qū)：直接和間接；視力盲區(qū)：眼部器官異常；障礙盲區(qū)：視線被遮擋；http:/ 視野分析后視鏡盲區(qū)所造成得交通事故約三成（http:/ 華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14234.3 視野分析 水平方向上水平方向上，正常的駕駛人在僅轉動眼球而不回頭的情況下，約可以看到前方前方200200度度左右的范圍，左右后視鏡再加中央后視鏡，只能再提供額外約6060度左右度左右的可視范圍，剩下的100度則是盲區(qū)。視野盲區(qū)與后視鏡視野盲區(qū)與后視鏡 后視鏡合理位置：中后視鏡：水平擺中間，

13、右耳放左邊左后視鏡：天空占一半，車身再折半右后視鏡：車身相一致，地面占大半（http:/ 視野分析視野盲區(qū)引發(fā)的交通事故http:/ 視野分析減少視野盲區(qū)方法http:/ 視野分析減少視野盲區(qū)方法http:/ BlindZoneManagement (TBZM)全盲區(qū)管理系統(tǒng)技術華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14274.3 視野分析減少視野盲區(qū)方法采用SAMMIE評估駕駛員直接和間接視野The Development of Improvements to The Development of Improvements to Drivers Direct and Indi

14、rect Vision from VehiclesDrivers Direct and Indirect Vision from VehiclesFor: Department for Transport Prepared by: Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University and MIRA LimitedDate: March 2011華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14284.3 視野分析Indirect vision :vision through mirrors and Indirect vision :

15、vision through mirrors and camerascamerasDirect vision :through the windscreen and Direct vision :through the windscreen and side windowsside windows The Transport Technology and Standards (TTS) Division of the Department for Transport has a responsibility for providing technical support to policy f

16、ormulation and development. TTS wished to investigate the issues and implications for extending regulations relating to drivers field of view requirements.背景背景華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14294.3 視野分析項目研究目標：項目研究目標：VisionVision The research needs to provide information on what drivers of M and N catego

17、ry vehicles: Should be able to see. Should be able to see. What they actually see in the real world. What they actually see in the real world. How their field of vision may be affected by How their field of vision may be affected by vehicle design.vehicle design.Blind spotsBlind spots The research n

18、eeds to: Identify blind spots in both drivers Identify blind spots in both drivers direct and direct and indirect fields of view.indirect fields of view. Propose practical solutions to eliminate the Propose practical solutions to eliminate the identified blind spots.identified blind spots.華南理工大學設計學院

19、華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14304.3 視野分析項目研究目標：項目研究目標：SolutionsSolutionsThe solutions should facilitate drivers in easily seeing other road users at all times. The solutions should aim to: Minimise obscurationobscuration of the direct field of view relating to vehicle design, exterior mirrors and other vehicle

20、 features. Maximise the drivers indirect field of view.view. Provide recommendations for amendments to the European legislations, where appropriate.The context in which the objectives need to be considered includes: Right and left hand drive vehicles. Basic vehicle design and the drivers environment

21、. Future potential vehicle design features.華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14314.3 視野分析N category vehicles:light and heavy goods vehicles N2 DAF LF 45; Renault Midlum; IVECO Eurocargo.N3 DAF XF 105; Volvo 480 (Left hand drive); Scania R420.Driver:99th% and 4th% UK males99th% and 4th% UK malesM category ：

22、car and minibusM1 - Volkswagen Golf.Volkswagen Touran.Hyundai i10.M2 Ford Transit long wheelbase minibusDriver:99th percentile Dutch male and the 99th percentile Dutch male and the smallest UK femalesmallest UK female項目研究對象：項目研究對象：華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-1432車輛Renault MidlumScania R420Ford Transi

23、t long wheelbase minibusHyundai i10華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14334.3 視野分析研究內(nèi)容 N2 and N3 Blind Spot Determination M1 Forward Field of View, A/B Pillar Obscuration M1 and M2 Rear Field of View, Visibility of Rear Obstacle Mirror Image Quality.華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14344.3 視野分析研究過程M1 and M2 rear

24、field of view (Visibility of rear M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibility of rear obstacle)obstacle)Direct vision was assessed by means of:Direct vision was assessed by means of: Target markers defined within ISO/TR 12155. A wall-like target (5m wide, 1m high). Defining minimum target heights neces

25、sary in order to be seen by directvision.Indirect vision was assessed by means of:Indirect vision was assessed by means of: The mirror requirements as specified for each class of mirror within therelevant standards ECE46-1, ECE46-02, 2006/96/EC and FMVSS111.華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14354.3 視野分析研究結

26、論M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibility of rear M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibility of rear obstacle)obstacle)M1 vehicle Class I are fully compliantClass I are fully compliant.Class I compliance is theoretical since in reality the rearwards field of view is compromised by internal fixtures su

27、ch that it is only applicable to the uppermost half of the rear window. Class III mirrors when set up optimally to provide an appropriate rearwards view fall marginally short of the field of view requirements for ECE46-02 and 2006/96/EC in relation to the areas closest to the rear of the vehicle, pa

28、rticularly on the nearside. .華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14364.3 視野分析研究結論M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibility of rear M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibility of rear obstacle)obstacle)M1 vehicle The same rearward limitation impedes direct vision where only objects greater than 1400mm in height c

29、ould be seen directly behind the vehicle. The areas of obscuration to the rear of the vehicle range from 6.5-10m on the ground plane and 0.5-1.1m on a plane 1m above the ground. Thus there is potential for a child or other obstacle lower than 1m to be obscured.華南理工大學設計學院華南理工大學設計學院2021-6-14374.3 視野分析研究結論M1 and M2 rear field of view (Visibilit