賓語從句的連接詞

1、賓語從句的連接詞：that ;結(jié)構(gòu)：+ (陳述句語序)、從屬連詞。連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和特殊疑問詞(what, how, where ,when 等)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not 弓I導(dǎo)表示是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。He told me (that ) he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他明年上。I don t know if there willbe a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車。Nobody knew whether

2、 he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試。Teachers were ask ing me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那時(shí)老師們在問我是否曾去過那里。|關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)聯(lián)代詞關(guān)聯(lián)代詞主要有 who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。關(guān)聯(lián)代詞一般指疑問但 what,whatever除了指疑問外也可以指陳述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是誰贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么The

3、 book will show you what the best CEO should know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。Have you determ ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone你決定好是買諾基亞還是買摩托羅拉的電話嗎關(guān)聯(lián)副詞連接畐U詞主要有 whe n,where,why,how,whe never,wherever,however等。He didn t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面。Could you pl

4、ease tell me how you use the new panel你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些新的零件能在哪里買到。二、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect they will wi n,for members of their team are stron ger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯。He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我

5、們在整個(gè)工作中他們都會(huì)幫忙的。部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have bee n sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了。Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有make sure ? ?確保make up one s mi nd ? ? 下決心keep in mi nd ? ? 牢記Make sure that there

6、are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤。可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it n ecessary that we take ple nty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝開水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get -tog

7、ether.我沒去聚會(huì)感覺非常遺憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要。 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it雙賓語這類動(dòng)詞主要有 hate,take,owe,have,see ,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return, show,teach,tellI hate it whe n t

8、hey say with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話。He will have it that our pla n is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行。We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的。When you start the engin e,you must see to it that car is in n eutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。 若賓語從句是wh-類則不可用it代替We all con sider wha

9、t you said to be un believable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的。We discovered what we had lear ned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有價(jià)值的。Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告訴我這里有商店嗎三、介詞的賓語從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句We are talk ing about whether we admit stude nts into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。The new book is about how

10、Shen zhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的。用that,if 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know no thi ng about my new n eighbor except that he used to work with a compa ny.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班其他一無所知。四、形容詞的賓語從句有些形容詞具有動(dòng)詞的含義所以也可以帶一個(gè)賓語從句例如1.1 am sorry I

11、 am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his an swer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有sure,certa in, glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試。I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你。He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see him whe n h

12、e was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他。五、if 與 whether1）whether和if常用來引導(dǎo)這時(shí)兩者的含義區(qū)別很小一般可通用。例如I dont knowwhether/if they will come to help us.我不知道他們是否來幫助我們。I am not surewhether/if Ill have time to go with you.我很難說我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。上面兩句無區(qū)別。但是當(dāng)whether與or not連成一個(gè)詞組時(shí) whether不可換用if。例如Idont kn ow whether or not they will co

13、me for our help.我不知道他們是否要來求我們支援。【注意】若 whether和or not不連在一起在口語中可以用 if取代whether當(dāng)然也 可以用 whether。例如 I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time.我沒有把握火車是否準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。I do nt care if/whether your car breaks dow n or not.我不在乎您的車是否是會(huì)出故障。此外還有三種情況值得注意（1）在介詞后面只能用whether 不能用 if。例如 This depends upon whethe

14、r we are determined to do it.這件事要看我們是否有決心去做。It depe nds on whether he is ready.這件事要看他是否有準(zhǔn)備。 I am not interested in whether youll come or not.你來不來我不感興趣。 We have nt settled the questi on of whether well renew our supplies of coalfor factory.是否要為我們工廠補(bǔ)充一些煤這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。（2）在之前只能用whether不能用if。例如He does nt k

15、now whether to stay or not.他不能知道是否要留下來。 She does nt knows whether to get married now or wait.是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。（3）在及物動(dòng)詞discuss后的賓語從句中只能用whether不能用if。例如We discussed whether we should make a cha nge in our pla n.我們討論了是不是要對我們的計(jì)劃作一些修改。 We were discuss ing whether we should discuss the bus in esswith them.我

16、們正在討論我們是否要和他們談這個(gè)生意。2）引導(dǎo)時(shí)只能用 whether不能用if。例如 It is unknown whether he will come.他是否來還不知道。 Whether the news is true remains a question.這個(gè)消息是否真實(shí)仍然是個(gè)問題。3）引導(dǎo)時(shí)只能用 whether不能用 if。例如 What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我們想知道的是他明天是否來給我們講話。The question is whether they can take

17、 ouradvice.問題是他們是否能接受我們的意見。4）引導(dǎo)時(shí)常用 whether。例如The questionwhether well build ano ther lecture buildi ng has nt bee n settled.是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問題還未決定。 The question whether hell come is unknown.他是否來的問題還不知道。5）可以用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定的賓語從句whether則不能用來引導(dǎo)否定的賓語從句因?yàn)樗硎菊磧煞矫娴倪x擇意義比較強(qiáng)。例如 Tell me if it is n ot goi ng to rai n, plea

18、se.請告訴我明天是否不會(huì)下雨。He con sidered if he should nt tell her thesecret.他考慮他是否不該告訴她這個(gè)秘密。6）if除引導(dǎo)賓語從句外還可以引導(dǎo)作是否”解。在容易引起混淆產(chǎn)生歧義的情況下就不可用if而須用whether。例如Please letme know if you intend to come. 這個(gè)句子有兩種解釋A “請讓我們知道你是否想來?！盉 “如果你打算來請讓我們知道。”第一種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句看作賓語從句把動(dòng)詞know視為及物動(dòng)詞（vt）第二種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句當(dāng)作條件狀語從句把動(dòng)詞know看作不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）。

19、在口語中我們可以通過語調(diào)來表示兩者的區(qū)別但是在書面語中無上下文（如一張便條上寫著這句話）那就含混不清了。如果我們想表達(dá)的第一種含義就得用whether 來改寫第一句。 Please let me know whether you intend to come.又如 Letme kn ow whether he has left for Shan ghai.告訴我他是否已經(jīng)去上海了。 Let me kn owif he has left for Shanghai.如果他去上海請告訴我一聲。此外whether還可以引導(dǎo)作“無論、不管”解這兒就略而不談了！六、不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng) that 作 l

20、earn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí)當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾賓語從句之前時(shí)當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞（包括非謂語動(dòng)詞）與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略第二個(gè)that不可以省略當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that 或this,that做主語的定語時(shí)當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí)當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)在直接引語中轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí)當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)七、

21、否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句的反意疑問句主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是thin k,believe,imagi ne,suppose,c on sider,expect,fa ncy,guess等并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I don t think he will come to my party.而不能說成 I think he won t come to myparty.I don t believe that man is killed by Jim.我相信那人不是Jim殺的。如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞其反義疑問句要用肯定形式通常我們稱為否定前疑。We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課是不是八、時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí) 從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was stud