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1、【高級表達方式抽象名詞的使用】1. ABSENCE: (with/there is) the absence of attempt/ workAMany medical experts are now agreed that with the general absenceof roughage,modem citizens are literally-via heart attacks and cancer-eating and drinking themselves into the grave許多醫(yī)學(xué)專家現(xiàn)在一致認為,由于食物中總體缺少粗糧,現(xiàn)代公民們就是這樣一日三餐,不知不覺地患上了心
2、臟病和癌癥。最終送命,這樣說并非言過其實。BThere seems to have been an absence of attempt at conciliation between rival sects似乎沒有進行任何嘗試去調(diào)解對立派之間的矛盾。CFor large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health對大多數(shù)人來說,沒有工作對他們的身體反而有害。2. ACCEPTANCE: have/find/obtain/gain/win (general/immediate/wide) acceptanc
3、e for/among/ofAAcademic dishonesty has had relatively strong peer support and acceptance among some students,partly because we did not make a seriouseffort to explain why such behavior is contemptible學(xué)習(xí)上的作弊得到同伴相對有力的支持,也被一些學(xué)生所接受。部分原因是我們沒有真正努力去解釋為什么這種行為是可恥的。BIf that can be done,the high way will serve
4、 the purposes users wantThen it will gain broad acceptance and become a reality如果做到這一點的話,高架就會達到使用者所希望的目的。這樣就會得到廣泛的支持而成為現(xiàn)實。3. ACCESS: gain/get/have/attain/give (ready/easy) access toAAdvances in technology have smoothed access to information, rendering superfluous whole layers of management.技術(shù)的發(fā)展使我們能
5、較容易獲取信息,也使整個管理層變得有些多余。BWhile it is true that USsources may have better access to the information,they might also have more reason to conceal or alter that information美國新聞機構(gòu)獲取情報或許較為方便,但它們也可能有較多的理由去隱瞞或篡改情報。4. ACQUISITION: acquisition of knowledge/ a language/informationA. Newspaper reading,rather than
6、 being simply the acquisition of newinformation,is a kind of passive participation in the life of thenational community.讀報不僅僅是獲得新的信息,而是一種被動地參與國家生活的活動。BBut in the past trying to accelerate childrens acquisition of academic skills in their early age was seen as evidence of bad parenting但在過去,若家長們在孩子還很小
7、時就加快對他們的文化知識的學(xué)習(xí),這種做法被認為是不好的教育法。5. AGREEMENT: there is general agreement thatA. There is total agreement that the activity of humans is at least partly responsible for the problem.有一點大家的意見是一致的:人類的活動對這個問題至少應(yīng)當(dāng)負部分責(zé)任。BTo come to agreement on control and reduction of weapons between the superpowers is dif
8、ficult.超級大國之間要在控制和削減武器方面達成一致意見是很困難的。6. ANALYSIS: make a careful/close analysis of; attempt/defy/resist analysisAYet close analysis of such people often reveals the existence of whatmight be called “stability zones” in their lives仔細分析這些人,往往會發(fā)現(xiàn),在他們生活中也存在可能稱為的“穩(wěn)定區(qū)域”。BIt requires a very unusual mind,Whi
9、tehead said,to undertake the analysis of a fact懷特黑德說過,需要一種極不尋常的頭腦去分析一個事件。7ANTICIPATION:in anticipation of a risefallsuccessAAll experience a good deal of anticipation,but the anticipation palesnext to the excitement of first communicating verbally所有這一切都經(jīng)歷了許多的盼望,但這種盼望比起第一次語言交流的興奮要遜色多了。BThe financial
10、markets had raised interest rates in anticipation of a squeeze.金融市場因預(yù)計到銀根緊縮而提高了利率。Cin anticipation of an early reply期待早復(fù)8. ANTIDOTE: (serve) as an (strong/powerful) antidote to boredomAHe supported,for example,universal education as an antidote to the numbing effects of economic specialization.例如他支持
11、全民教育可以克服經(jīng)濟專業(yè)化帶來的麻木的影響。9. ANTIPATHY: have/arouse/provoke/natural antipathy to/towardsAWithout question,however,the first major thinker to express a clear antipathy to the urban way of life was Thomas Jefferson毫無問題,第一個表示出對城市生活反感的大思想家是托馬斯杰佛遜。10. APATHY: show/have/with an (political/election) apathy tow
12、ard sth.AHow can we curb this growing student apathy and assure ourselves of capable,responsible leadership for the future?如何才能制止學(xué)生中日益發(fā)展的冷漠態(tài)度,以確保我們在將來成為有能力、有責(zé)任的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人?11. APPEAL: make a direct/strong appeal toAThe appeal to venture capitalists of investing in United States high technology companies is
13、quite obvious對風(fēng)險資本家來說,投資于美國高技術(shù)公司的吸引力是顯而易見的。BHe holds a special appeal to little children.他對小孩有種特殊的吸引力。12. APPETITE have/stimulate a strong/keen appetite for(愛好,追求)1. He has a great appetite for knowledge.他強烈的求知欲。2The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward,not only th
14、e means of sustenance,but a keen appetite forpleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms在辦公室或工廠里長時間的工作,給他們帶來的報酬不僅僅是生活給養(yǎng),而且是對樂趣的強烈追求,即使是最簡單、最樸實的樂趣。13. APPLICATION: the application of knowledge/theoryA. We ale dealing with the application of psychology to advertising and political propaganda我們
15、說的是把心理學(xué)應(yīng)用于廣告和政治宣傳。BIn general,the application-or misapplication-of science and technology in all fields is certain to affect the structure of society as a whole總的說來,科學(xué)技術(shù)在各個領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用或誤用,必然會影響整個社會的結(jié)構(gòu)。14. APPRECIATION: cultivate/deepen/express/show an (better/keen)appreciation ofA cultivate the appreciati
16、on of good music培養(yǎng)對音樂的欣賞能力B We take this opportunity of expressing / to express our sincere appreciation of your help.對于你們的幫助,我們趁這個機會向你們表示衷心的感謝。Cpromote/deepen the appreciation of Chinese arts and letters in the United States of America促進/加深美國對中國文學(xué)藝術(shù)的理解。DHe has a keen appreciation of the students ne
17、eds.他深刻了解學(xué)生們的需要。15. ASSESSMENT: make an assessment ofAAlthough it is,of course,much more difficult,he can also make a subjective assessment of the percentage of his emotional energy invested in the job雖然這很困難,但是他還能對在這份工作中投入多少精力作一個主觀的評價。BThe other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the
18、intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair我們必須注意的另一件事是,對智力評估實質(zhì)上是相對的。16. ASSOCIATION: be/have an association with;in association withAdo sth in association with sb和某人一起做某事BThey suggest the answer may be the lack of association with other humans during the period of sleep他們暗示這個回答或
19、許和睡眠中缺少與其他人的聯(lián)系有關(guān)。17ATTACK: come under (personal/sharp) attackAToday, American colleges and universities originally modeled on German ones are under strong attack.今天美國大學(xué)(最初是按照德國大學(xué)模式)正受到社會的激烈批評。18. ATTAINMENT: the attainment of goals/aim/objectiveAThis will deeply impress them on your memory, and thes
20、e memory traces will soon start influencing your everyday behavior toward the attainment of the goal這將會把它們深深地銘記在你的腦海里。而這些記憶痕將很快開始影響你的日常行為,促使你朝著實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而努力。BSchools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of a person學(xué)校通常把一個人獲得平衡發(fā)展作為教育的目標(biāo)。19. ATTENTION: bring.to
21、 public attention/claim/draw/come to the attention ofAMany of these workers are poorly educated and unskilled,and they often lack the union representation that has helped bring other industrial disease to public attention這些工人中許多沒受過什么教育,又缺乏技術(shù),他們往往沒有自己的工會代表可以幫助他們讓公眾知道其他的職業(yè)病。BAs for sowing methods-prob
22、ably over half of Europes seed was wasted every year before the Chinese idea of the seed drill came to the attention of Europeans至于播種方法,在中國人關(guān)于種子條播機的想法引起歐洲人的注意之前,也許歐洲每年要浪費一半以上的種子。C. The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in sev
23、eral highly publicized cases.今年初幾個透明度頗高的案例中,有關(guān)世界各地女傭的悲慘狀況引起了新聞媒體的關(guān)注。20. ATTEMPT: make an attempt/in an attempt toAAttempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years在過去的100年中,人們極力想打破這個在歷屆總統(tǒng)大選中都實行的舊體制。B In an attempt to do sth, .為了.do sth i
24、n an attempt to do 做某事是為了21. AVAILABILITY: the availability of information/moneyAThey do this in order that births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers adequate supply of milk for the young.它們這樣做,是為了使生育正好與雨季相遇,并有大量的青草生長,這樣母畜就有足夠的奶水喂養(yǎng)幼仔。22. AWARENESS: heig
25、hten/reduce/increase/sharpen/spark/obscure ones awareness ofAThe Bhopal tragedy five years ago, when thousands of Indians died after an escape of chemicals, sparked a belated environmental awareness among Indias middle classes.5年前,因化學(xué)氣體的泄漏而發(fā)生的伯帕爾慘劇使成千上萬的印度人喪生。這個慘劇在印度的中產(chǎn)階級中喚起了一種姍姍來遲的環(huán)保意識。BThe compute
26、r could obscure mans awareness of the need to come to terms with himself電腦可能模糊了人需要對自身有限能力妥協(xié)的認識。CThe intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens to it聰明的聽眾必須隨時提高自己對音樂素材的認識以及有關(guān)這方面的意識。23. BARRIER: a barrier to the development/progressABut it
27、is the lack of political will and the ineptness of established sociopolitical structures that are major barriers to the progress in this field但是,由于缺少政治意志加上現(xiàn)有的社會政治結(jié)構(gòu)的不完善,這就極大地阻礙了這個領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。BA strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own;and anyway,language is always a bar
28、rier to the contact with the local population緊湊的日程安排使得旅游者不可能自己隨便閑逛。不管怎樣,語言總會阻礙他們同當(dāng)?shù)厝说慕佑|。24. BELIEF: express/foster/hold a belief in; there is a widely accepted/held belief that; contrary to popular/general/growing beliefAThe enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists h
29、ave developed and are employing effective methods in gaining new knowledge科學(xué)的巨大成功,使一般人認為,科學(xué)家人數(shù)在發(fā)展,他們在利用有效的方法獲得新的知識。25. BOREDOM: to escape/interrupt/relieve boredomAOnly an occasional stop at a gasoline station or at a drugstore to read movie magazines interrupts their boredom去加油站溜溜歇歇腳或到藥店走走,讀讀電影畫報這樣
30、可以解解悶氣。BThis includes keeping them in more suitable cages, allowing social animals like dogs to live together and trying to reduce the boredom that these animals can experience.其中包括把它們飼養(yǎng)在較合適的籠子里,讓狗這一類愛結(jié)交的動物生活在一起,盡量減少它們的寂寞。26. CAPACITY: ( have a ) capacity for development/organizationAHitler,aided by
31、 a phenomenal capacity for organization and by the readiness of Germanys great industrialists to finance his campaign,shrewdly utilized the prevailing attitude to establish his power由于他非凡的組織能力以及德國大企業(yè)家們愿意資助他的競選,希特勒精明地利用了社會上的這種態(tài)度,建立了他的政權(quán)。BBut of all our problems,the most immediate and pressing, the on
32、e which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act,to obliterate our vision of the future,is the plight of the Negro of the center city但是,在所有我們最直接和緊迫的問題中,威脅到損傷我們的行動能力,威脅到遮住我們對未來的展望的就是市中心黑人的困境。27. CELEBRATION: a celebration of freedom/achievement/successAAny celebration of what has been accomplis
33、hed during our first two centuries also requires a commitment to what remains to be done during the third century慶祝在過去兩個世紀里所取得的成就,同樣需要對第三個世紀里所要做的事情承擔(dān)起責(zé)任。BAt this time,and in the place where so many great names in American history have trod,we renew this celebration of freedom in the full and certain
34、 knowledge that with it comes great responsibility此時,在美國歷史上許多偉人所踩過的地方,我們重新慶祝獲得的自由,確信隨之而來的是巨大的責(zé)任。28. CERTAINTY: be/become a certainty with/has certaintyAIt can be said with certainty that 可以斷言BI had the certainty that he was at home.我確信他在家。CSome children learn best by rote,in structured environments
35、with high certainty and strict discipline0thers gain success in the less structured“permissive” atmosphere of a“progressive”school.有的孩子在高度穩(wěn)定和嚴明紀律的嚴格環(huán)境中以死記硬背取得好成績,另有一些則在“先進”學(xué)校比較寬松的環(huán)境里獲得了成功。29. CHALLENGE: meet/accept the challengeABecause I had no formal training in any of these fields with the except
36、ion of engineering,I had to learn to meet each challenge of managing a business as it arose除了工程學(xué),在所有這些領(lǐng)域里我都沒受過正規(guī)的教育,所以每當(dāng)出現(xiàn)一個工商管理方面的挑戰(zhàn)時,我只好學(xué)著去迎接它。30. CHANGE: undergo/bring about/inaugurate great/marked changeAAfter crossing several time zones,sleep rhythms undergo marked changes during the first nigh
37、t.經(jīng)過幾個時區(qū)后,睡眠規(guī)律就會在第一個晚上發(fā)生很大變化。31. CHOICE: make a wise choiceANot only do lies not provide any hope,they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health對病人隱瞞真情,不僅不能給予病人任何希望,還會侵犯病人的自由,使他們不能對自己的健康做出明智的選擇。BWhen choices are made among alternative
38、s such as those just described, it becomes plain that choosing one alternative often involve giving up another在上述幾個方案中做出選擇,顯然,挑選一個意味著放棄另一個32. COMBINATION: (express/symbolize) a rare/ happy combination ofAHe turned out to be an incredible combination of strength and relaxation on the track在這方面他證明是把力量
39、和放松結(jié)合得最好的人。BThe modern world is a combination of Eastern and Western ingredients which are inextricably fused現(xiàn)代世界是一個東西方緊密融合的結(jié)合體。33COMFORT: take/derive/seek comfort from/enjoy the comfort ofAPeople have taken comfort from the idea that our brains are magically unique and could never be duplicated,nev
40、er mind surpassed,by machines人的大腦是神奇般獨特的、不能被復(fù)制、不用擔(dān)心會被機器超過,想到這一點,人們感到了極大的安慰。34. COMMAND: acquire/has/secure a good command ofABut this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.但這種事并非一天就能做成的,也不是靠征服意志就能一蹴而就的。35. COMMENT: make comment aboutAOl
41、d people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true老年人總是說年輕人不像他們同齡時那樣了。一代一代人做出相同的評論,而且總是真實的。36. COMPARAISON: in comparison with/to make comparisonAYet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the mu
42、ch moreserious malady,future shock與更嚴重的弊證、即未來沖擊相比,文化沖擊相對來說要輕些。BThe boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days一個人當(dāng)他在必須做無趣味的工作時所感到的乏味,和他成天無所事事而感到的乏味相比,幾乎算不了什么。CThe firs
43、t two must be equal for all who are being compared,if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made如果就智力進行比較的話,前兩個因素對所有要比較的人必須是一樣的。37. COMPETITION: enter/get into competition within competition with/forAIn the Olympic Games,women not only cannot win any medals in competition with men,the gul
44、f between them is so great that they cannot even qualify for the contests with men在奧運會上,女運動員在同男的競爭中不僅不能奪獎牌,而且他們之間的鴻溝這么大,她們甚至沒有資格和男運動員同場競技。BIt would also place him in competition with other workers,whichwould be playing into the bosseshands這樣做還會把他置于同其他工人的競爭中,而這正中老板之意。38. CONCENTRATION: the concentrat
45、ion ofAThe lack of goods,services,and household aids,brought on by the countrys concentration on heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods, affects women much more than men國家重視重工業(yè),忽視消費品生產(chǎn),由此帶來的商品、服務(wù)設(shè)施和家用器具的短缺對女士的影響要比男士的大。BStrong economic and social currents encourage the continued concentratio
46、n of the urban population which otherwise might disperse into more sparsely settled areas經(jīng)濟和社會的向上形勢鼓勵人們不斷向城市集中,要不然的話這些人口會分散到人口較少的地區(qū)。39. CONCERN: there is/express/arouse/show/give concern over/for/about/withAI have a deeper concern about higher education and the current national mood我對高等教育和目前國家形勢所處的狀
47、態(tài)的深深關(guān)切。BMeanwhile the public show little concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons:a possibility people are consciously aware of同時公眾對核武器造成的全球毀滅的危險很少關(guān)心,雖然他們意識到這種可能性。40. CONSIDERATION: give consideration/thought to;take sth. into considerationAAll the argument sounds logical,but
48、 it is obvious that no consideration is to be given to his concern for either the women or the children所有這些論點聽上去有道理,但它沒有考慮到對婦女或者對孩子的關(guān)心。41. CONNECTION: there is/bear connection toA It also enables us to tell ourselves that the despair of homeless people bears no intimate connection to the privileged
49、existence we enjoy- when,in fact,we rent or purchase one of those restored townhouses that once provided shelter for people now huddled in the street同時也使我們告誡自己,無家可歸者的絕望和我們享受到的特權(quán)生活沒有密切關(guān)系的。而實際上,我們租的或買的那些修建過的市中心房子,曾經(jīng)是現(xiàn)在流浪街頭人的住所。42. CONSCIOUSNSS: a national/world/class/ deep consciousnessAIn other words
50、,the world of urban America as a dark place undeserving of support or help has become fixed in the American consciousnessAnd we are paying for that attitude in our cities today換句話說,美國城市作為一個黑暗的地方,不值得投資和幫助,這種想法已深深扎根于美國人民的思想意識中。今天我們的城市正在為這種態(tài)度付出代價。BFurther study and better public understanding are neede
51、d,of courseBut what is essential is a global consciousness當(dāng)然,需要進一步研究和更好地理解公眾,當(dāng)然,更為重要的是全球的意識。Cthe moral consciousness of a nation一個民族的道德意識recover national consciousness恢復(fù)民族意識It has awakened millions to political consciousness.它喚起了千百萬人的政治覺悟。43. CONTACT: come into/establish/create/need/ regain/retain/s
52、trengthen (close/frequent/understanding) contacts with/between; bring/take sb. into contact withABut our modern world of music also brings us into contact with music that is not always so quickly grasped.然而,現(xiàn)代音樂世界卻也讓我們總是不能很快理解接觸的音樂。BHence,it can be argued that the people with whom we come into conta
53、ct in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes,interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure因此可以這么說,我們在這些不同的環(huán)境所接觸到的人們,很可能對我們的態(tài)度和興趣的形成、甚至包括如何處理有關(guān)空閑時間的能力產(chǎn)生一定的影響。CNational governments,also,will be brought into closer and closer contact
54、with science同時,這將使各國政府同科學(xué)保持越來越密切的聯(lián)系。44. CONTRIBUTION: make a contribution to society/ humanA“Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great,”said Dean Keith Simonton西門頓教務(wù)長說,“長期為人類文明作出貢獻的人是偉大的。”BTheir increasing demand for continuing education offers unprecedented opportun
55、ities for universities to increase and extend their contributions to society他們對繼續(xù)教育的不斷要求給大學(xué)以空前的機會來增加和擴大對社會的貢獻。45. CONTROL: exert control over; bring . under controlA. Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control the
56、y are able to exert調(diào)查表明,工作所提供的滿足不是來自攢多少錢,而是來自工作的挑戰(zhàn)和對工作的控制力。BTo protect the value of their invested capital, venture capitalists desire control over various corporate decisions為保障其投入資本的價值,風(fēng)險資本家希望對公司的各種決定進行控制。CHowever, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to you然而,對曾經(jīng)用來給你提供信息的媒體幾乎沒有什么控制。DBut although this form of genetic engineering will give us great control over mankinds future, there are several reasons for caution但是,雖然這種基因工程會讓我們極大地控制人類的未來,我們還是有諸多理由表現(xiàn)出謹慎。46. CONVICTI
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