人教版英語(yǔ)選擇性必修二：Unit3《Period3 Discovering useful structures》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

1、Unit 3 Food and Culture Period3 Discovering useful structures 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)The past perfect tense and its passive voice The main grammatical items in this unit are the past perfect active and passive tense.The past perfect tense is used to refer to an action that was completed before a time or event in the p

2、ast.The past perfect passive voice is the passive form of the past perfect tense. The teacher can guide the students to analyze and compare the structure and usage of the past perfect tense and the passive tense. The teacher is also highly recommended to help the students to sort out the relevant co

3、ntent in the form of a chart, or present a chart for the students to complete the key information.1. Enable the students to tell the same information using the past perfect active tense and the passive tense.2. Guide the students to use the two constructions correctly, and understand their meaning a

4、nd function in the context.3. Encourage the students to make sentences using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences to make dialogues.4. Cultivate students thinking ability and enhance their creativity of using this grammar.1.Guide students to use the two structures both

5、 in the spoken and written situation.2.Encourage the students to make sentences, using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences to make dialogues.Step1: Lead inWhat is the tense and voice of the following sentence? what is the function?By the time the tornado ended, more t

6、han 700 people had been killed. Keys: the passive voice of the past perfect tense.function: The past perfect tense is used to refer to an action or a state of being that occurred or was completed before a specific time in the past. Step 2:Try to find out all the sentences containing the passive voic

7、e of the past perfect tense and then sum up their common rules.教材原句：1. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.在來(lái)中國(guó)之前，我唯一接觸過(guò)中國(guó)烹飪的經(jīng)歷是在美國(guó)，我接觸過(guò)經(jīng)過(guò)改變以適應(yīng)美國(guó)人口味的中國(guó)食物。2. When my family and I had just arr

8、ived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.當(dāng)我和家人剛到中國(guó)時(shí)，我們?cè)诒本┱伊艘粋€(gè)吃飯的好地方。3. A restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.一位朋友向我們推薦了一家餐館，我們終于找到了。4. We had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever

9、 eaten.我們不知道該怎么點(diǎn)菜，所以廚師就開(kāi)始在我們的桌子上擺滿我們吃過(guò)的最好的食物。語(yǔ)法共性：1句1和句3中的黑體部分為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為had been done。2句2和句4中的黑體部分為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為had done。Step 3: The teacher instructs Ss to review the basic knowledge about the past perfect tense and its passive voice.一、Basic use of the past perfect tense1Definition過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“had過(guò)

10、去分詞”。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。2Basic use(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體的時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in這個(gè)男孩被提醒說(shuō)他的家庭作業(yè)還沒(méi)有交上來(lái)。Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的時(shí)候，她的作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成。How many buildings h

11、ad been destroyed when the hurricane ended?颶風(fēng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候，有多少建筑物被毀壞了？ (2)用于hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than .等表示“剛就”或“一就”的固定句型中。Hardly had we reached school from school when it began to snow heavily.我們剛到達(dá)學(xué)校就下起了雪。hardly/scarcely/rarely/no sooner置于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝。(3)有些動(dòng)詞，如hope、expect、think、intend、

12、mean、suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本打算做而未做某事”。We had expected to finish the task on time but we failed.我們本來(lái)希望按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作的，但我們沒(méi)有做到。Eve had hoped to see more of China.伊芙曾希望在中國(guó)多觀光一番。I had intended to be there on time.我本打算準(zhǔn)時(shí)去的。Greta had meant to see her off at the airport.格瑞塔本打算是要去機(jī)場(chǎng)送她的。(4)在“That/It was the first/sec

13、ond . time從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。That was the last time I had made such a foolish mistake.那是我最后一次犯那樣的傻錯(cuò)誤。It was the first time ( that) I had been to Shanghai.那是我第一次去上海。It was the most inspiring performance I had watched. 這是我看過(guò)的最激勵(lì)人心的表演(5)用在It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句句型中(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)) It was at least three months

14、since I had left Beijing.我離開(kāi)北京至少有三個(gè)月了。(6)wish、if only、as if、would rather等后面的從句中，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)或虛擬。If only I had been praised by the teacher yesterday.我昨天要是被老師表?yè)P(yáng)就好了。I wish I had been there at that time.那時(shí)候我要在那兒就好了。（事實(shí)上我不在那兒。）I wish I had told him about it.我要是告訴他那事就好了。（事實(shí)上我沒(méi)告訴他。）3過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)

15、重發(fā)生在過(guò)去的客觀事實(shí)；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，一定有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)，表示在這個(gè)時(shí)間之前，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。They had fallen asleep when their parents got home at 11 oclock.父母11點(diǎn)回家之前他們已經(jīng)睡著了。（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）They fell asleep at 11 oclock.他們11點(diǎn)睡著了。（一般過(guò)去）二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2構(gòu)成(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)had been done(2)否定結(jié)

16、構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)had not been done3用法(1)在told、said、 knew、heard、thought、found等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作已被做完時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他聽(tīng)說(shuō)票已售完。He told me that the project had been completed by the end of 1999.他告訴我到1999年底他們已完成了那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。The newspaper reported more than 100 people had b

17、een killed in the thunderstorm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō)有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，以及by、before后面接過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last . time that .句中that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)