英語語法快速搞定高中英語語法的100個(gè)句子(四)

1、美聯(lián)英語提供：快速搞定高中英語語法的100個(gè)句子4關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里 (6) Her illness was brought on by her worries.她憂慮成疾。語法分析：成語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(7) We were assigned a lot of homework.我們有很多家庭作業(yè)。語法分析：雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(1) This cant _ done in a short time.(2) She might _ sent to work abroad.(3) All these factors mustnt _ neglected.(4) This shou

2、ld _ kept a secret.(5) Does this need _be mentioned?(6) How many people are going to _send there?(7) This has to _do promptly.(8) Not a soul was _see.(9) You are requested _present at the ceremony.(1) be (2) be (3) be (4) be (5) to be (6) be sent (7) be done (8) to be seen (9) to be present2 / 2434.

3、非謂語動詞的被動形式I must ask to be excused.我得請求離開一會。不定式的被動形式用作賓語，此外還可用作復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語、主語和表語等。動名詞的被動形式也可擔(dān)任某些句子成分，如可作主語、賓語或介詞賓語等?，F(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)用于被動形式，可構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可以作定語或狀語等。過去分詞本身就有被動意思，可以和系動詞構(gòu)成謂語，還可構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語和用作狀語等。(1) She begged to be forgiven.她請求寬恕。語法分析：不定式的被動形式用作賓語。(2) She didnt wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter

4、.她不希望在信里提及這個(gè)問題。語法分析：不定式的被動形式用作復(fù)合賓語。(3) Being offered such a job was sheer good luck.被給予這樣一份工作純屬幸運(yùn)。語法分析：動名詞的被動形式作主語。(4) I watched the cargo, being hoisted on board.我看著貨物被吊到船上。語法分析：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。(5) Being well looked after, the baby was in perfect health.由于照顧的好，孩子的身體很健康。語法分析：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式用作狀語。(6) I dont

5、 want anything said about this.我不希望誰談及此事。語法分析：過去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。(1) He didnt like to _treat as a child.(2) Id like this room to _redecorate.(3) His ambition was to _make a cinema actress.(4) She was far from _satisfy.(5) I saw him _carry away on a stretcher.(6) _ask to give a performance, she couldnt refus

6、e.(7) _frustrate, he returned to his homeland.(1) be treated (2) be redecorated (3) be made (4) being satistied (5) being carried (6) Being asked (7)Frustrated35.應(yīng)用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況Three people were injured.三個(gè)人受了傷。在動作的執(zhí)行者不明確或沒有必要提到的情況下，句子可以用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。在動作的承受者或結(jié)果作為談話的中心時(shí)，也用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，這類句子暢游一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的短語說明動作的執(zhí)行者。動作的執(zhí)行者很模糊時(shí)，如指p

7、eople或one時(shí)，也可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)為了措辭上的需要，用被動結(jié)構(gòu)可以避免說出動作的執(zhí)行者。另外在公告、通知、新聞報(bào)道和報(bào)紙標(biāo)題以及科技文章里常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(1) We are called on to take an active part in the movement.我們被號召積極參加這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動。語法分析：動作的執(zhí)行者不明確或沒有必要提到的情況下，可以用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(2) A peace treaty was finally signed.最終簽訂了一項(xiàng)和約。語法分析：沒有必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者，可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(3) When she was ill her children were

8、looked after by neighbours.她生病時(shí)，孩子們由鄰居們照顧。語法分析：動作的承受者或結(jié)果作為談話的中心時(shí)，用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(4) The house next door has been bought by someone.隔壁房子有人買了。語法分析：被動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子常由一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的短語說明動作的執(zhí)行者，有時(shí)也可沒有。(5) Its hoped that such things would not happen again.希望這樣的事不再發(fā)生。語法分析：為了措辭上的需要，用被動結(jié)構(gòu)可以避免說出動作的執(zhí)行者。(6) She appeared on the stage and

9、 was warmly applauded by the audience.她在臺上出現(xiàn)，受到觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。語法分析：用被動結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子的得到更好的安排。(1) When will the result _announce?(2) Rent has to _pay in advance.(3) A new public library is _build.(4) This sort of advertisement _see everywhere.(5) She _believe to have made an important discovery.(6) The letter has

10、_open!(1) be announced (2) be paid (3) being built (4) is seen (5) was believed (6) been opened36.關(guān)于被動語態(tài)的注意點(diǎn)Such a thing has never been heard of before.這樣的事情以前從來沒有聽說過。帶賓語的動詞詞組，可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。雙賓動詞的兩個(gè)賓語都可作被動語態(tài)的主語，情態(tài)動詞也可用在被動語態(tài)中。含復(fù)合賓語的句子在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，只能用賓語不能用補(bǔ)語作被動語態(tài)的主語。含賓語從句的復(fù)合句一般可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，也可用it代替賓語從句作形式主語，變?yōu)楸粍?/p>

11、語態(tài)。(1) Can this lock be repaired here?這兒能修這把鎖嗎？語法分析：情態(tài)動詞也可用在被動語態(tài)中。(2) A doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人去請醫(yī)生了。語法分析：帶賓語的動詞詞組，可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。(3) My sister was given three pencils.給了我妹妹三支鉛筆。語法分析：雙賓動詞的兩個(gè)賓語都可作被動語態(tài)的主語。(4) She was asked when to do the experiment.有人問她何時(shí)做試驗(yàn)。語法分析：如直接賓語是疑問代詞或疑問副詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一般把間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)

12、為被動語態(tài)的主語。(5) I was asked to make her a new evening dress.她要我給她做一件晚禮服。語法分析：含復(fù)合賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，只能用賓語不能用補(bǔ)語作被動語態(tài)的主語。(1) The composition must _hand in sometime before Sunday.(2) These machines parts may _need in our work.(3) Should an article _use there?(4) The job cannot _do by Tom.(5) It will _do by me.(6

13、) You shall _punish.(7) Such a thing _hear of before.(8) A wash _give to the car.(9) She _call a little girl.(10) He was found _be a bright pupil.(1) be handed (2) be needed (3) be used (4) be done (5) be done (6) be punished (7) has been heard (8) was given (9) was called (10) to be37.虛擬語氣Were I in

14、 your shoes, I would let Tom know what I thought of him.要是我處于你的地位，我就會讓湯姆知道我對他的看法。這個(gè)句子是虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法，省略了if句子的語序改為倒裝句。語氣也是謂語動詞的一種形式，可以表明說話的意圖和目的等。虛擬語氣表示一種假想的情況或主觀愿望，動詞有特殊的形式。在形式上分為現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣、過去虛擬語氣和過去完成虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣可以廣泛地用在賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和狀語從句中，另外還可用在祝愿語中，表示過去或?qū)淼囊恍┣闆r。(1) God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。語法分析：表示主觀愿望，現(xiàn)在虛擬

15、語氣。(2) The old man treated me as though I were (was) a stranger.這個(gè)老人待我如陌生人。語法分析：表示過去的虛擬語氣，與陳述語氣的過去式相同，不過動詞be要用were的形式。(3) If only I had listened to his advice.我要是聽了他的勸告就好了。語法分析：過去完成形式的虛擬語氣。(4）If I were you, Id plant some flowers round the house.如果我是你，我會在房子周圍種些花。語法分析：在 If I were you 這樣的句子中，were不能改為wa

16、s，但在第三人稱單數(shù)后面則可以用was。(5) I wish I could help you.但愿我能幫助你。語法分析：在某些動詞后面的賓語從句里需要用虛擬語氣，除了wish外還有would rather sooner, suggest, demand, ask, insist以及urge, advise等詞。(6) Its time we were leaving.我們該走了。語法分析：在Its high time后的定語從句中要用虛擬語氣。(1) Who _think to see you here!(2) I think she _know about it all the time.

17、(3) Would it be true that she _see him before he died?(4) Its time we _order dinner.(5) The teacher has loved the students as if they _be his own sons.(6) Its strange that he _be so late.(7) I move that we _accept the proposal.(1) would have thought (2) knew (3) had seen (4) ordered (5) were (6) sho

18、uld be (7) accept38.虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法If you had taken her advice, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.如果你聽了她的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就不會有這種麻煩了。有些條件句主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時(shí)間上并不一致，這類句子成為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。還有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，這類句子成為含蓄條件句，在這種句子中，也可能需用虛擬語氣。某些情態(tài)動詞在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。(1) If I had arrived a little earlier, I would have seen her.

19、我要是早來一會就見到她了。語法分析：虛擬條件句，表示純假想的情況。(2) If it hadnt been for the doctors care, he wouldnt be speaking to you now.要不是有醫(yī)生們的照料，他此時(shí)不會和你說話的。語法分析：主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時(shí)間上不一致，稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。(3) In the old days he would have argued.要是在過去他早就爭論上了。語法分析：有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，在這種句子中有時(shí)也需用虛擬語氣。(4) Would you tell me how to get t

20、o the tube?可否告訴我如何去地鐵站？語法分析：某些情態(tài)動詞如should, would, could及might等在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。(5) I might have come to a wrong conclusion.我也許得出了錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。語法分析：這類帶有情態(tài)動詞的句子，其謂語不一定是虛擬語氣，但卻比較接近虛擬語氣。(1) If I had enough money, I _ buy a new table.(2) If you tried again, you _may succeed.(3) If she had a permit, she _can

21、get a job.(4) _be I you, I would refuse.(5) _be it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.(6) If she were leaving, you _hear about it.(7) He _do anything to make amends.(8) Anybody else _believe you.(1) would (2) might (3) could (4) Were (5) Were (6) would have heard (7) would have don

22、e (8) would have believed39.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的用法I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我知道將要發(fā)生什么事情。在某些動詞后面的賓語從句中需要用虛擬語氣，在wish后的賓語從句中謂語主要有兩種形式，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在情況和用相當(dāng)于過去完成時(shí)的形式表示過去的情況。此外在would rather (sooner), suggest, demand, insist和ask等詞后面的賓語從句總也包含有虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣還可在主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中和某些狀語從句中使用。謂語有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，特別是在由as if, as

23、though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句里，謂語形式和一般虛擬語氣差不多，表示現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)用過去虛擬語氣，表示過去的情況時(shí)用完成形式。(1) I wish I could help you.但愿我能幫你。語法分析：wish后的賓語從句中用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的情況。(2) I wish I had listened to your advice.我要是聽你的勸告就好了。語法分析：用相當(dāng)于過去完成時(shí)的形式表示過去的情況。(3) I would rather you told me the truth.我寧愿你給我講真話。語法分析：would rather sooner后面的賓語從句謂語多用過去式的形式，表示現(xiàn)在和

24、將來的情況。(4) Headvices that I go at once.他建議我馬上去。語法分析：某些詞后面的從句多用虛擬語氣。(5) It is important that she work hard.她努力工作是很重要的。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在主語從句中。(6) My suggestion is that we take the 7:00 train.我的建議是坐七點(diǎn)的火車。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在表語從句中。(7) They expressed the wish that they be given more free time.他們希望給他們更多的空閑時(shí)間。語法分析：虛擬語氣可

25、用在同位語從句中。(8) You look as if you didnt care.你看上去好像不在乎的樣子。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在狀語從句中。(1) My mother wishes that she _go to Japan.(2) Suppose his father _turn him out of doors.(3) He asks that he _give an oppprtunity to explain her case.(4) It is essential that this mission not _fail.(5) My idea was that they _l

26、ock up the house.(6) She behaves as if she _own the place.(7) It is not as though we _be poor.(1) had gone (2) turned (3) be given (4) fail (5) should lock up (6) owned (7) were40. must的用法She said that she must speak with her master.她說她必須和她的主人講。在間接引語里，must用于過去時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)must作“推測”或“偏偏”講時(shí)，都可以用于過去時(shí)態(tài)。在將來時(shí)里可以用m

27、ust，但也可以用shall (will) have to。一般情況下，在過去時(shí)里可以用had to代替must。當(dāng)要 表達(dá)“絕對不可，不許”時(shí)，must的否定形式是must not，當(dāng)表示推測時(shí)，其否定形式為cannot。must與have to一般可以通用，但在表示客觀條件使然使用have to，表示主觀認(rèn)為的責(zé)任或義務(wù)時(shí)用must。(1) You mustnt smoke in class.上課不準(zhǔn)吸煙。語法分析：must的否定形式表示“絕對不可，禁止，不許”等，have to的否定形式則表示不必。(2) You must answer my questions in English.你

28、必須用英語回答我提出的問題。語法分析：表示命令時(shí)，用must。(3) You must try your best to do it.你必須盡最大努力去做。語法分析：用must表示主觀上的責(zé)任或義務(wù)。(4) You must pay the money, but you neednt do so at once.你必須付錢，但不必現(xiàn)在就付。語法分析：作“必須”講時(shí)，must的否定形式為neednt。(5) His father msut have left for Shanghai yesterday.他爸爸昨天必定去上海了。語法分析：作“推測”時(shí)，must可以用在過去時(shí)里。(1) You _

29、 see what the authorities have to say.(2) She decided that the she _ try to be on the side of the winners.(3) You _ smoke, must you?(4) I _ take care of my father every day.(5) I must save money, _ I?(6) they _ be twins.(1) must (2) must (3) mustnt (4) have to (5) mustnt (6) must41. can (could)的用法He

30、 cannot be telling the truth.他講的不可能是真話。作為情態(tài)動詞，can的后面可以跟不定式的完成形式或進(jìn)行形式。can表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，主要表示能力、可能性、有時(shí)及允許等。作為can的過去式，could可以表示過去的情況如能力和可能性等。could可以代替can，說明現(xiàn)在的情況，表示婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出請求、想法或建議等，也可用于否定句中表示驚異或不相信。could也用在虛擬條件句中，與不定式的完成形式連用，可用來談過去的情況。(1) Im afraid I cannot go with you.恐怕我沒法與你一起去。語法分析：表示可能性或可能做的事。(2) This so

31、rt of thing cannot go on!這種事情不能再繼續(xù)下去了。語法分析：表示允許做某事，和may的意思差不多，在口語中更多的時(shí)候要用can。(3) You could have told him beforehand.你本可以事先告訴他的。語法分析：與不定式的完成形式連用，可以用來表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的批評或建議。(4) She could have sent a message.她本可以捎個(gè)口信來的。語法分析：表示“本來可以”或“差點(diǎn)就”。(5) Could I ask you a question? Yes, of course you can.能問你個(gè)問題嗎？當(dāng)然能。語法分析：在回答允

32、諾時(shí)，一般不用could而用can。(1) I wonder if you _ do me a favor.(2) I cannot recite the text now, but I _ do it tomorrow.(3) If I _ go, I should be glad.(4) _ you speak English?(5) What _ he be doing at this time?(6) Theres someone outside;who _ it be?(7) She _ have taken it upstairs.(1)could (2) could (3) co

33、uld (4) Can (5) can (6) can (7) cannot42. may (might)的用法You may as well bring me a book too.你不妨也給我?guī)б槐緯鴣?。情態(tài)動詞may可以用于某些成語中，其意義有所變化。用may來提出問題，表示“可不可以”，用于陳述句中表示“可以”或“不可以”及“可能”等。在某些狀語從句里，也可以用may，此外還可以用來表示祝愿等。might可以用作may的過去式，也可以代替may，用來談現(xiàn)在的情況，口氣比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)一些。在需要表示輕微的埋怨或批評以及在某些虛擬條件句中都需要用might。(1) I may leave

34、now, maynt I?我現(xiàn)在可以走了，是嗎？語法分析：用may來提出問題，問可不可以。(2) She may have gone abroad.她有可能出國了。語法分析：表示“可能性”。(3) Shut the door for fear that it may rain.關(guān)上門，以防下雨。語法分析：用在某些狀語從句中。(4) May you be happy!祝你們幸福！語法分析：表示祝愿。(5) They may well have won the football match.他們很可能贏得了那場足球賽。語法分析：用在某些成語里。(6) Might I have a little b

35、randy?可否給我一點(diǎn)白蘭地？語法分析：might代替may，使口氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)。(7) If you didnt mind, we might go there.假如你不介意，我們可能去那里。語法分析：might用于虛擬條件句中。(8) You might have told me!你本可以告訴我一聲的嘛！語法分析：表示輕微的埋怨或批評。(1) _ I use your phone?(2) Dogs _ not be taken into these carriages.(3) However frightened you _ be yourself, you must remain calm.

36、(4) They _ be good reports, but they seem to lack facts.(5) Try as he _ ,he could not persuade his friends to go.(6) If you invited her, she _ come.(7) You _ tell me if youre going to be late.(1) May (2) may (3) may (4) may (5) might (6) might (7) might43.need的用法You need not come to the meeting if you are too busy.如果你太忙就不必來參加會議了。need作為情態(tài)動詞，可以用在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“不必”。在賓語從句中，即使主語動詞是過去式，仍可用need。此外，need在作為情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，在帶有否定意義的句子中和表示疑問的從句中，也可以用