初中英語介詞用法小結

1、初中英語介詞用法小結介詞主要是用來表示它后面的名詞或代詞與句中其他某個成分之間的關系。不能獨立充當句子成分，必須與后面的賓語構成介詞短語后才能做句子成分。一. 介詞（短語）語法功能1.作狀語 介詞（短語）在句子作狀語修飾動詞。表示“時間”，地點”,條件”,方式”或目的”等。例如:She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day. (表時間) There are some books on the desk . (表地點) People cant live without air or water. (表條件)2.作定語介詞短語作定語表示某個關系 ，一般放

2、在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy . (后置定語)3.作表語 介詞短語作表語時，多放在be 動詞之后。例如： She is in the next room . He is from English .二 . 常用介詞的用法 1.表示時間的介詞 in ,on ,at . in 表示世紀，年，周，季節(jié)，在上午下午晚上白天等 。 例如：in the morning in May in 2012 in his forties in an hour on 表示確定的時間， 某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期幾，或一般節(jié)日等。 例如：o

3、n Sunday on a rainy evening on May 4 on the night of May 4 on Teachers Day on Childrens Day at 用于表示時間“點” .夜里.中午及某些詞組中 例如 .at 4 oclock at noon at that time at the end of at the age of by ,untiltill 表示期限時通常用介詞by ,until tillby表示“不遲于” ，“在 之前”例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.U

4、ntil till到為止在肯定句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。例如： I waited for my mum until she came home .在否定句中，not until譯成“直到才”謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞 。例如：I didnt go to bed until my mum came home.in ,for ,during ,through1)in 表示“在。時間內”“在。時間后”例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ? I hear hell be back in a week.2)for 后接一段時間，可與多種時態(tài)連用，如與現(xiàn)在

5、完成時連用，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。例如：She has worked there for 8 years.3)during表示“在。期間”，強調“自始自終”. 例如：During those days he asked a lot of questions .4)through =from beginning to end “自始自終”“從頭到尾 ”例如：Dr. Bethune went on working through the night .注：對“in+時間段”提問用 how soon 對“for+ 時間段”提問用 how long On the+身體硬部位 in the +身體軟

6、部位表示時間的起點用since 或from例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago. From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.in 和after 1)in “在。以后”從現(xiàn)在算起，后接時間段，常用于將來時。例如：Well be back in a week . Hell arrive at Shanghai in two days .2)after “在。以后”，從過去算起， 后接時間段，常用于過去時。例如：They got there after 8 hours. 后

7、接時間點，常用于將來時。例如：The plane is leaving after nine. 2.表示地點.位置的介詞 in on to atin 在某一范圍之內。例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.on 表示兩個不同的個體相鄰或接壤。例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.to表示兩個個體間有一段距離或隔海相望。例如：Japan is to the east of China .At表示在街道或城鎮(zhèn)。例如： He lives at 158 Jianguo Street.in at in后跟較大地方例如：He liv

8、ed in China three years ago.at 后接較小地方例如：We waited at the gate of the school.above over on Above表示位置高于某物不接觸，在其上方任意一點，但不是正上方。其反義詞是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east .Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反義詞是under例如：There is a bridge over the river.On 在。上面，相互接觸。例如：There is a pen on the desk . 特殊用法：on在樹上The

9、re are some apples on the tree. in在樹上There are some birds in the tree.3表示方向的介詞：by with in by后跟動名詞或抽象化的可數(shù)名詞（其前不用冠詞）意為“用手段或方法”例如: He goes to school by bus every day . The old man had to make money by selling vegetables. with 表示用工具， 借助于某一具體的手段，工具，材料或人體器官。例如：People here build houses with stones.With the

10、 help of my teacher ,I did well in my English .We see with our eyes.in 用材料.語言.聲音等媒介，以方式.What is this in English ?She said in a loud voice.He wrote the words in red ink. 4.to 的兩種用法的區(qū)別 to+v.(不定式) 例如：to do sth to+v-ing(介詞) 例如：look fordward to doing sth get /be used to doing sth pay attention to doing sth make a contribution to doing sth prefer doing sth to doing sth 6.時間狀語前不用介詞的情況。 當morning等詞前有this ,that ,next ,last 等詞修飾時，介詞須省去。 下列介詞須省去： 修飾語 中心詞 this /that morning/week /year/January/spring ne