大冶一中2013屆語法專項(xiàng)----主謂一致

1、大冶一中2013屆語法專項(xiàng)-主謂一致周桃麗主謂一致是高考試題常涉及到的考點(diǎn)，主要圍繞名詞、代詞、數(shù)量詞以及非謂語動(dòng)詞和 從句作主語時(shí)謂語單復(fù)數(shù)進(jìn)行考查。使用主謂一致應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循語法一致、意義一致和就近一致的原則等。一、 在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語+”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介 賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞有with / together with / along with / as well as / like/ rather than / more than/ but/except/ besides/ including/ in addition to 等。1. Dr

2、. Smith , together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to2. The father as well as his three childre n skati ng on the froze n river every Sun dayafter noon in win ter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going3. Professor Smith

3、 , along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet thedeadli ne.A. workB. worki ngC. is worki ngD. are worki ng二、 當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)合不定代詞/單個(gè)不定式(疑問詞+不定式卜動(dòng)名詞 或主語從句/ “時(shí)間、價(jià)值、重量、距離、書名”等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(如：What we n eed are good teachers.我們需要的是好老師。)1. The

4、population of Jiangsu to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is nowapproachi ng 74 millio n.A. has grow n B. have grow n C. grewD. are grow ing2. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one s health.A. show ; are B. shows; is C. show ; isD

5、. shows; are3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A. are not decidedB. have not bee n decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not bee n decided三、all/a lot/ plenty/ part /the rest/ most等+of+名詞作主語以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或從句。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。1. As a result of the serious

6、flood , two-thirds of the buildings in the area .A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair2. Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. isC. beingD. to be四、a number of / an average of / a total of等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number of/t

7、he average of/the total of等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！?a great (large) / small number of, many, a few, a good (great) many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。a little , much, a great deal of, a large amount of只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted.)1. The number of foreign students attending Chin

8、ese universities rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has bee nD. have bee n2. Nowadays , a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, in thecloth ing in dustry.A. is worki ngB. worksC. work五、“ one of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 系代詞作主語）時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而 名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1. At pr

9、ese nt, one of the argume nts in favor of the new airport jobs to the area.A. isB. areC. will be2. My father was one of the man agers in the office thatD. worked但“ one of+名詞”充當(dāng)先行詞(關(guān)the only/ right / very one of+that it will bring a lotD. was.to attend the meeting last week.A. was in vitedB. is in vi

10、tedC. were in vitedD. are in vited3. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have bee n D. has bee n六、either.or/ neithernor/ not onlybut also./ notbut./ or 等連接并歹U主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要就近選擇。1. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is du

11、e tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be2. Either you or the headmaster the prize to the gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing inB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out七、pairs of/ amounts of/ quantities of等構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而 a pair of / an amount of / a series of構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式

12、 (a quantity of 構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語由 of后的名詞來定)。1. Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water .A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has bee n pollutedD. have bee n polluted2. As a result of destroying the forests , a large of desert covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity ; has

13、C. number; have D. quantity ; have八、and連接并列主語表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式(Fish and chips is a popularsupper.炸魚土豆片是一種很受歡迎的晚餐。)；表示不同概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；此外，由 each.and (each)., everyand(every), many a.and (many a). , no.and no. 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。女口： Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男人和女人都在工作。1.Did you go to the show

14、last ni ght?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areain vited.A. wereB.have bee nC. has bee nD. was2.A poet and artistcoming tospeak tous aboutChinese literature and paintingtomorrow after noon.A. isB.areC. wasD. were九、主謂一致的其它考點(diǎn)1. cattle/ police /people/ clothes/goods以及復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù) 數(shù)形式。2. 定冠詞與形容詞

15、或分詞連用作主語時(shí)， 如果指“人”，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)； 如果指“物”， 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)； 但也有少數(shù)的形容詞或過去分詞與定冠詞連用指?jìng)€(gè)別或表示抽象的概念 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (如： The injured in the accident is an engineer. )3. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deerfish/means/sheep/speciepworks 等。女口： All means have been tried. 各種手段都試過了。Onemeans is still to be tried. 還有一種手段尚待一試。4. 集合名詞

16、作主語表示整體概念謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示分體概念謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見 的集合名詞有 family/government/public/audience 等。5. many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞及 more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than + one 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。A+單數(shù)名詞+or two，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一兩條理由。 A day or two is enough. 一兩 天就夠了。6. Ther

17、e be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與后面的名詞保持一致。如果有好幾個(gè)名詞時(shí)，則跟與 be最靠近的名詞保持一致。7. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞性從句作主語， 如果表示兩件事情， 其謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us. 完成句子1. 我的父親和他的一些老朋友已經(jīng)在那里了。My father, together with some of his old friends,. (be)2. 他和他的家人都從這場(chǎng)大火中被救了出來。His family as well

18、 as he from the big fire by the firefighter. (rescue)3. 發(fā)展中國家發(fā)生的交通事故的數(shù)量在急劇增長。The number of traffic accidents that happen in developing countries .(increase)4. 什么時(shí)候，在哪發(fā)生的還不清楚。When and where it took place . (know)5. 70%的學(xué)生贊同中國位于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國之列這一觀點(diǎn)。Seventy percent of the students the opinion that Chinas econo

19、my isamong the strongest in the world.(favor)6. 他很少愿意去尋求幫助 , 同時(shí)也不去幫助別人。Seldom seek for help, nor does he like to help others. (willing)7. 市政府正計(jì)劃建一個(gè)新的工廠來處理垃圾，但何時(shí)何地開始動(dòng)工還沒決定。The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but when and where to start . (decide)8. 由于越來越多的森林被破

20、壞，每年有大量的土壤正被水沖走With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.(wash)9. 湯姆是昨天班會(huì)上唯一受到老師表揚(yáng)的男生。Tom was the only one of the boys by our teacher at the class meetingyesterday. (who)10. 每一種用來防止這種疾病傳播的方法都已經(jīng)試過了。Every possible means to prevent the spread of the disease. (try)11. 每一

21、位要去參觀博物館的老師及學(xué)生要在明天早上六點(diǎn)半鐘到達(dá)車站。every student as well as the teachers who is to visit the museum atthe bus station at 6:30 tomorrow morning. (require)12. 我認(rèn)為是你而不是你的哥哥要對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)。I think it is you, rather than your brother for the accident. (blame)13請(qǐng)大家收拾好隨身攜帶的物品，車來了。Everybody, please take care of your bel

22、ongings, and there.(come)14. 同一個(gè)善于交談的美國人聊天是件令人愉快的事。Talking to an American who is great at conversation . (seem)15. 你和他都不喜歡玩電腦游戲，這對(duì)你們的學(xué)習(xí)很有好處。 playing computer games, which is of great benefit to your study. (neither)大冶一中 2013 屆語法專項(xiàng) 虛擬語氣周桃麗 高考考點(diǎn)透析：1. 考查 wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+ 從句，it

23、 stime+ 從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。2. 考查虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中，表示“堅(jiān)持、堅(jiān)持、建議、要求”等一類的動(dòng)詞，如order,suggest,propose,i nsist,require,dema nd,advise, request 等后接的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用“(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”。經(jīng)?？疾檫@些詞相應(yīng)名詞所跟的同位語從句和表語從句中的用法。3. 考查虛擬語氣用于主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示驚訝，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等。如：It is necessary/important/natural/strange that (s

24、hould) do 做是必要的 /重要的 /自然的/奇怪的。It is desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/proposed that(should) do 根據(jù)請(qǐng)求/建議/決定/指示/要求/建議 (應(yīng)該)做 4. 虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法，?？疾椋?錯(cuò)綜條件句。有時(shí)主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬 語氣形式必須因時(shí)間不同而不同。省略if的用法。如果條件句的從句部分含有系動(dòng)詞were，助動(dòng)詞should或had時(shí)，可省略 if, 把 were, should 或 had 移到主語之前。5. without, wit

25、h, but for 等介詞(短語) ，或者用 but, or, otherwise 等連詞或副詞表示一種含 蓄條件。完成句子。1. 如果你被開除了，你的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和其它利益并不會(huì)立即取消。 , your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (fire)2. 他們弄到了兩張去加拿大的免費(fèi)票，否則他們不會(huì)有能力付的起。They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise afford to go.(able)3. 要是沒有他們的幫助，我們不可能及時(shí)完成那個(gè)節(jié)目。But

26、 for their help, we in time. (finish)4. 老師們建議父母?jìng)儾灰试S 12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)，以確保安全。Teachers recommended parents to school for safety.(ride)5. 如果我知道這個(gè)電腦程序，就會(huì)省大量的時(shí)間和精力。 , a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved. (know)6. 喬治打算談?wù)撍膰业牡乩?，但我寧愿他更多的把焦點(diǎn)集中在文化上。George is going to talk about the geography

27、 of his country, but I would rather. (focus)7. 沒有你的慷慨幫助，我不可能熬過那段痛苦的日子。I without your generous help. (go)8. “你錯(cuò)過關(guān)于核污染的講座真遺憾。 ”“我本會(huì)去聽的，但我忙著準(zhǔn)備工作面試。 ” -Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.- I , but I was busy preparing for a job interview.(attend)9. 如果他以前訓(xùn)練沒有那么刻苦，他現(xiàn)在不可能跑得那么快。If she ， she wo

28、uldn t be able to run so fast now.(train)10. 如果我昨天晚上沒喝酒，我就能夠開車回家。If , I could have driven my car home. (drink)11. 約翰遜堅(jiān)持要求：在會(huì)上應(yīng)該討論那個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題。Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at themeeting. (discuss)12. 我感覺不舒服。我真希望媽媽沒有迫使我吃那么多。I felt so sick. I wish Mum to eat so much. (force)13. 我會(huì)考慮學(xué)生的要求 -學(xué)校圖書館應(yīng)該提供更多關(guān)于大眾科學(xué)的書。We should consider th