2016名詞性從句

1、一、認(rèn)識(shí)名詞性從句陳述句We can get more people to help in the work.I think (that )we can get more people to help in the work.（賓語從句）My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work. （表語從句）That we can get more people to help in the work is a good idea.（主語從句）Its a good idea that we can get more people to

2、 help in the work. （主語從句）You have to think about the fact that we can get more people to help in the work.（同位語從句）一般疑問句Are you free tomorrow? He asked if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （賓語從句）His doubt is if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （表語從句）If/whether I will be free tomorrow is not known.（主語從句

3、） It is not known if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （主語從句）I have no idea if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （同位語從句）特殊疑問句Where did he hide the money? Who has taken away my bag? How did you know my address? No one knows where he hid the money. ( )Where he hid the money is to be found out. ( ) My co

4、nfusion is where he hid the money. ( )There is no answer to the question where he hid the money. ( ) 二、名詞性從句的一般引導(dǎo)詞1. 連接詞 that 只起連接作用，無含義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期過得好。That he likes you is very obvious. 很顯然他喜歡你。2. 連接詞 whether 和 if也不作句子成分，但有含義，表示“是

5、否”；比較：whether與if 均為是否的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代a. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首Whether he will come is not clear.b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句The question is whether it s worth trying.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it .c. whether從句作介詞賓語Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.

6、d. 從句后有or not I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.e. whether 可與不定式搭配，if 不能She hasnt decided whether to go or not.練習(xí)1). I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2). I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3). The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have en

7、ough money.4). _ they can do it matters little to us.5)._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.3. 連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which whichever,等，在從句中均有含義(多數(shù)是其疑問句中本意)，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave. 這就是她想離開的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么時(shí)候到

8、沒有關(guān)系。Tell me which one you like best. 告訴我你最喜歡哪一個(gè)。4. 連接副詞when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why, how many, how much, how often等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan. 問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么時(shí)候回來在很大程度上要看天氣。Why he did it

9、 will remain a puzzle forever. 他為什么這樣做將永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)謎。另外，引導(dǎo)表語從句的還有 as if, as though, because 等詞。三、學(xué)習(xí)各種名詞性從句1. 備考主語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是從句作主語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語，尤其是在It is +名詞 / 形容詞 / 過去分詞+that中，或在It seems / happens that中，或疑問句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用形式主語。It is a pity that you didnt go to se

10、e the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.Whoever comes to the club is welcome.2. 備考賓語從句應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要

11、用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語之后；三是當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時(shí)，若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往往要通過否主句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時(shí)可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時(shí)，that不能省略；that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時(shí)也不能省略；that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)，that也不能省略。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.I know nothin

12、g about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I dont think the dress fits you wellI know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job. He said, in a sad voice, that all the harvest was

13、 destroyed by the wild animals.He told us that he is going abroad for further education.注：有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to, depend on 等I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take i

14、t that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.3. 備考表語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是除that, whether和疑問詞外，as, as if, as though, because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句；二要注意“thats why+結(jié)果”以及“thats because+原因”的區(qū)別；三是注意the reason (why / for) is that句式。It looks as if it is going to rain

15、.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.That is because he didnt come to the meeting.4. 備考同位語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是同位語從句多在news, order, word (=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名詞后，說明其具體內(nèi)容；二是同位語從句與所說明的名詞有時(shí)會(huì)被謂語所分開，做題時(shí)需注意；三是引導(dǎo)同位語從句的有that, whether和連接副詞when,

16、where, why, how等，但絕大多數(shù)由that引導(dǎo)，注意同位語從句不能用which引導(dǎo)。The news that we won the game is exciting.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.I have no idea when he will come back home.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.Several years later，word came that Napoleon himse

17、lf was coming to inspect them The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city5. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 (1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。 (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如： (1) The news that he told me is that

18、Tom would go abroad next year. (2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(1) The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.(2) The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位語從句)

19、The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定語從句） 四、that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞+that”。如：That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這是顯然的。The police learned that he wasnt there

20、 at that time. 警察獲知他那時(shí)不在場。He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意識(shí)到她也精疲力盡。1) _you said yesterday is right.2) _she is still alive is a good thing. 五、關(guān)系詞 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法一、用法歸納1. 表示“的東西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。What Mary is is the secre

21、tary. 瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。2. 表示“的人或的樣子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子。He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。The number of the students in

22、our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的時(shí)間”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they ca

23、ll Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸六、whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever連接代詞whoever = anyone who任何人, 無論誰；whatever =anything that凡是.，無論什么；whichever = anything that無論那一個(gè), 任何一個(gè)；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的賓格形式）。Whoever comes

24、 to the club is welcome. 不論誰來參加這個(gè)俱樂部都?xì)g迎。Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他們在荒島找到什么就吃什么。You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿買任何讓我感興趣的書。Whosever book is overdue will be fi

25、ned. 不管誰的書過期未還都要被罰款。比較：連接代詞whoever在賓語從句中作主語，whomever作賓語從句中賓語。You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把這本書給任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因?yàn)閣hoever在賓語從句中作wants it的主語）You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把這本書給任何你喜歡的人。（whomever在賓語從句中作you like的賓語）七、誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥1what與that(1)【誤】 All what he did was for you

26、. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2)【誤】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you. 【解析】 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，what相當(dāng)于the thing that/ the that/ all that等，具體的意義要根據(jù)上下文確定。在名詞性從句中，what既有意義，又在從句中作一定的成分，而that無意義，且在從句中不作成分。2who與 whoever【誤】 Who is

27、 the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift. 【解析】 whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“無論誰”，相當(dāng)于anyone who；而who意為“誰”。3whether與if(1)【誤】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. (2)【誤】 It depends on

28、 if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 4whoever 與whomever【誤】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 【解析】 此處，whoever在從句中作主語，因此不能用whomever。名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇要注意其意義及它在從句中所作的成分。5【誤】 He will win the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 【解析】 that位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不能省略。6【誤】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 【解析】 what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，若表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。7名詞性從句的語序