【英語】初二初中英語句子成分講解-練習(xí)及答案

1、優(yōu)秀資料歡迎下載！句子成分及基本句型一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回憶【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語） 、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語 等；（一）主語 ：主語是謂語敘述的對象，表示所說的“是什么” 或“是誰”；一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)；它在句首 ；如：（1） lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語）（2） he reads newspapers every day.（代詞作主語）（3） smoking is harmful to the health.（動名詞作主語）（4） to swim in kunming

2、lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主語）（5） what we should do is not yet decided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語 “做什么” “是什么” 或“怎么樣” ；謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必需是動詞 ；謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必需一樣；它在主語后面 ；如： his parents are teachers.（系動詞和表語一起作謂語）we study hard.（行為動詞作謂語）we dont finish reading the book.（助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）he can speak english.（情態(tài)動詞和行為

3、動詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是 動作、行為的對象 ，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么；一般放在謂語之后 ；she is doing her homework now. （名詞作賓語） she says（ that） she is ill. （賓語從句作動詞賓語） we often help him. （代詞作賓語）he likes to play basketball. （不定式作賓語）we enjoy listening to the music.我們喜愛聽音樂； （動名詞短語作賓語）說明 1：賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動

4、詞之后；介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動名詞，稱為介詞賓語；名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語；另外，動詞不定式可作動詞賓語；動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞賓語；說明 2：及物動詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語；賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語；直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語指物 ，間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人，間接賓語指人 ；間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前；不是全部的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語；有的動詞可以跟； 如：give, show（給看） ，bring, pass, buy等；如：（ 1） our teacher tells us a story.（ 2） the sun gives us

5、light.間接賓語假如放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會顯現(xiàn)介詞“ to”或“ for”；間接賓語前加“ to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答應(yīng)）, refuse（ 拒絕）等；間接賓語加“ for ”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order （命令） , sing, pay 等（1） i give him a book.改成：（2） he passes me the book.（他將書遞給我

6、； ）改成：（3） he writes me a letter.改成：（ 4） he will buy me some books.改成：（ 5） she is making me a cake.改成：（四）賓語補(bǔ)足語在賓語后面 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)的成分，稱為 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ；名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語；賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語；如： they make her happy.（形容詞） i see her dance.（不定式）we ll helpyou to make the olympics a success.（名詞） please

7、let him in. （副詞）we heard her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“ 是什么 ”或者“ 怎么樣 ”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任；它的位置在系動詞后面 ；如： i am a teacher.（名詞）he is always happy. （形容詞）they are on the playground now. （介詞短語） it gets cold. （形容詞）be 動詞（ am ， is， are, was, were） 系動詞表保持（ keep, stay, remain）表轉(zhuǎn)變（ get， be

8、come， turn ）感官動詞 （ feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來）如： it sounds interesting. （ sound 為系動詞， interesting 為表語）we should all remain careful. remain （為系動詞，careful 為表語）（六）定語定語是用來 修飾名詞或代詞 的；形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等；單個(gè)詞 作定語時(shí)，通常 放在它所修飾的名詞之前；如： the black bike is mine. （形容詞）what s

9、 your name（.代詞） they make paper flowers. （名詞）說明 1：當(dāng)定語 修飾不定代詞 ：nothing, anything, everything, something等時(shí)，定語 在不定代詞后面 ；如： i tell him something interesting.（形容詞 interesting 作不定代詞 something 的后置定語）he has something to do.（ to do 為不定式作后置定語） 說明 2：短語或從句 作定語時(shí)，也放 在被修飾的名詞之后 ；如：the boys in the room are in class

10、four.（ in the room 是介詞短語作the boys 的后置定語； ）（七）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞；一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示；狀語一般放在句末 ，但有的可以放在句首、句中；如： he did it carefully. （副詞）we often help him. （副詞）her mother goes out to do some shopping on sunday.（介詞短語） when i grow up, i am going to be a teacher. （從句作時(shí)間狀語）

11、he sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）【簡潔句的五種基本句型】a. 主語 +不及物動詞 主謂 如： the sun rises.太陽升起來；the car stopped.小汽車停下來了；rise 和 stop 都是不及物動詞，因此后邊不必加賓語；b. 主語 +及物動詞 +賓語 主謂賓 如： i love my country.he helps me.i like action movies.i buy a book.c. 主語 +系動詞 +表語 主系表 如： her brother is a driver.we feel happy.（ feel 為系動詞，表示感到）it gets d

12、ark.天黑了；（ get 為系動詞，表示變得）tom looks ill. tom看上去病了；（ look 為系動詞，表示看上去，看起來）d. 主語 +及物動詞 +雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）主謂 +直賓 +間賓 如： he gives tom a present. （雙賓語）他給湯姆一件禮物；mother make a new dress for me. （雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服；e. 主語 +及物動詞 +賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語 主 +謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 如： they call her mary. （賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她 mary ；we make our classroom clean and

13、tidy.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室潔凈而整齊；he always makes us laugh. （賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑；二、 典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分；1. lily is cleaning the desk now.2. her garden is the best in our town.3. liu ming is thirteen years old.4. i like this book very much.5. the girl on the blue bike is jane ssister.6. she didn t comtoe my party because she

14、 was ill.7. wang ping does his homework carefully.8. we will go to the childrenpalacse once a week.9. they are in the classroom.10. it sounds good.11. his name is paul.12. we always go to school early.三、 課后練習(xí)一 挑出以下句中的賓語 my brother doesnt do his homework.abcd people all over the world speak english.a

15、bcd you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.abcd how many new words do you learn .abcd some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you.abcd二 挑出以下句中的表語 the old man is feeling very tired.abcd why is he worried about jim.abcd the leaves have turned yellow.abcd soon they

16、all become interested in the subject.abcd she is the first to learn about it.abcd三 挑出以下句中的定語 they use mr. mrs. with the family name. abcd what is your given name.abcd on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.abcd i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.abcd the man downstairs was trying to

17、 sleep.abcd（四 挑出以下句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.abcd he asks her to take the boy out of school.abcd she find it difficult to do the work.abcd they call me lily sometimes.abcd i saw mr. wang get on the bus.a bcd五 挑出以下句中的狀語 there is a big smile on her

18、 face.abcd every night he heard the noise upstairs.abcd he began to learn english when he was eleven.abcd the man on the motorbike is travelling to fast. abcd with the medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off.abcd典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分；1.主，謂，賓，狀2.定，狀3.表4.謂，賓，狀5.定，定6.謂，狀7.謂，賓，狀8.謂，狀9. 表10. 表11. 定

19、，表12. 狀，狀課后練習(xí) 三 d d b a b 四d b d c b 五 c c a b b 六 c c c c d 七 d a d d a 八 us,間接賓語 a story,直接賓語 me,間接賓語 a new bike,直接賓語 us,間接賓語 history,直接賓語 tom,間接賓語 it,直接賓語 me,間接賓語 message,直接賓語中學(xué)英語語法賓語從句講解，專項(xiàng)練習(xí)及答案賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句三留意，時(shí)態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞； 主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制； 主句一般過去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化 that 引，一般疑問句用if/whether,特別問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述

20、式；一、基本講解1概念 : 在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語；eg, he said he was good at drawing. 動詞賓語 he asks him how long mike has been down . 動詞賓語 miss zhang is angry at what you said. 介詞賓語 2. 連接詞(1) . 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that,口語中經(jīng)常省略；e.g, she told me that she would like to go with us.(2) 以 whether或 if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

21、 , 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或挑選疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序eg, i wonder if /whether u have told the new to li lei .留意：一般情形下， whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情形例外；a. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用 ifeg, we are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時(shí)， 只用 whether. eg, please let me know what to do next.could you te

22、ll me whether u go or not.c. if 當(dāng)假如講時(shí)， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時(shí)不能用 whether.3. 特別疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特別疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序；e.g. could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you.特別情形：當(dāng) do you think 后接特別疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think陳述句語序；3. 賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)a. 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句不受主句的限制， 依據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；例如：do you know （ if

23、/whether he has seen the film） .b. 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)；例如： i didnt know（ if/whether he had seen the film. ）留意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍舊要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；例如：he said （ that the earth moves round the sun.）the teacher told us （ that light travels much faster than sound. ）4. 、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用優(yōu)秀資料歡迎下載！

24、a. 從句的主語假如是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句就與主句的主語一樣；假如是其次人稱，就與主句的賓語一樣；假如是第三人稱，不用變化；如：一主二賓三不變 “ may i use your knife？ ” he asked me. he asked me if he might use my knife.“ do you know her telephone numbe？r ” he asked me. he asked me if i know her telephone number.b. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句打算；主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號；如：who will give us

25、 a talk. i don t know. i don t know who will give us a talk. do you know？ where does he live. do you know where he lives.二、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan， agree 等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)， 從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)；如：she agreed that she could help me with my maths. she agreed to help me with my maths.2. 當(dāng)主

26、句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面帶特別疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時(shí)，主從句的主語也須一樣這時(shí)從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) ”；例如：i dont know which sweater i should buy. i dont know which sweater to buy.3. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask， tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時(shí)，從句的主語和間接賓語一樣，且從句是由特別疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時(shí)，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成 “疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu) ”,或者在連接代詞 /副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一樣時(shí)，賓語

27、從句可簡化為“連接代詞 /副詞不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)；如： could you tell me how to get to the park.4. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是find ，see，watch ，hear 等感官動詞時(shí)，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶 to 的不定式或v-ing 形式；如：she found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. she found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.鞏固練習(xí)賓語從句專項(xiàng)習(xí)題1.have you decidedfor australia.a. when w

28、ill you leaveb. when do you leavec. you will leave whend. when you will leave 2.can you tell me.a. where does tom liveb. where tom lived c. tom lives where d. where tom lives3.the old man asked me.a. where was the cinemab. where is the cinemac. where the cinema wasd. where was the way to the cinema4

29、.i thinkyou will like him. a. thatb. ifc. whyd. how5.i didn t know he will come or nota. . thatb. whetherc. weatherd. how6.i wonder.a. how much cost these shoesb. how much do these shoes costc. how much these shoes costd. how much are these shoes cost7.she asked me. a. who he wasb. who was hec. who

30、is hed. who he is 8.ask him.a. whose cup this is b. whose cup is this c. this is whose cup d. whose is this cup9.i don t know.a. what time the movie startsb. what time starts the moviec. the time to start the movied. the movie what time starts 10.the doctor asked me how long.a. was i illb.have i bee

31、n illc. i have been illd. i had been ill 11.the weather forecast doesn t say.a. if it rains tomorrowb. if does it rain tomorrowc. if it will rain tomorrowd. if will it rain tomorrow 12.do you know.a. whose pen is thisb. whose pen this isc. whom does the pen belong tod. whom the pen belong to 13.coul

32、d you tell me where.a. the tape wasb. was the tapec. the tape isd. is the tape14.they want to know.a. where is the hospitalb. how old are youc. when the train will leaved. why is the boy crying 15.tony wanted to know.a. what had father christmas put in his stockingb. when father christmas had put in

33、 his stockingc. what father christmas had put in his stockingd. where father christmas had put in his stocking16.no one knowsthe professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.a.whenb. whetherc. whered. if 17.july didn t know.a. where is tim s fatherb. when was the first watch m

34、adec. who the old man isd. what was wrong with her watch 18.no one told us, so we need your help.a. how should we dob. what we should doc. what to dod. what should we do19.we don t knowwith the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.a. how do itb. how to doc. what do itd. what to do 20.he asked me

35、.a. whether i find out the sender of the moneyb. whether did i find out the sender of the moneyc. whether the sender of the money found outd. whether i found out the sender of the money21. did you hear. a. what did i sayb. what i saidc. i said what d. what i say22. can you tell me.a. which class you

36、 are inb. which class are you inc. you are in which classd. are you in which class23. -excuse me. could you tell me. - certainly.a. when can i get to the stationb. i can get to which stationc. which station can i get tod. how i can get to the station24. could you tell me whereyesterday.a. did you go

37、b. you goc. you have goned. you went25. tom asked me.a. whose shirt was thisb. whose shirt this wasc. who shirt was thisd. who shirt this was26. excuse me, could you tell me.a. where s the teachers office b. where s the bus stationc. what s she doingd. where the post office is27. i want to see mrs.

38、wang , but i don t know.a. she lives whereb. she where livesc. where she livesd. where does she live28. - go and ask mr. white for help. -but i don t know.a. where does he liveb. where he livesc. where is he livingd. he lives there29. - can you tell me. - yes, he lives in a small town.a. where he li

39、vesb. who is singingc. when he will leaved. what he said30. have you decidedfor london.a. when will you leaveb. when you will leavec. when are you goingd. when you are going31. excuse me. could you tell meour tickets.a. where do we showb. where shall we show c. where did we show d. where we shall sh

40、ow32. - what are you interested in about cooking food. - we are all interested in.a. how egg is friedb. how is egg friedc. how egg friesd. how does egg fry33. do you know. a. what it isb. what is itc. who is hed. whose name is it34. do you know.a. whose book is thisb. whose book this isc. this book

41、is whosed. who s book thiis35. i don t knownow.a. where is my catb. my cat is wherec. where my cat isd. where my cat36. does he know.a. what s your nameb. what name is yourc. what your is named. what your name is37. do you know.a. which floor he livesb. which floor he lives onc. he lives on which fl

42、oord. which floor does he lives on38. tell me where. a. is the hospitalb. the hospital isc. is hospitald. hospital is39. he hasn t decided.a. if he ll go on a trip to wxi ub. when will he go on a trip to wu xic. if he goes on a trip to wu xid. when does he go on a trip to wu xi40. can you see.a. wha

43、t he s readingb. what is he readingc. what does he readd. he reads what點(diǎn)擊中考1. some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell .a. when ufos will appear next timeb. why do horses know the wayc. where was this kind of plant foundd. how do elephants communicate2. -what time wil

44、l mr. brown be back to china.- sorry. i don t know.a. when did he go abroadb. why he is going abroadc. how soon will he be backd. how long he will stay abroad3. - may i come in . i m sorry i am late.-come in, please. but could you please tell me .a. why you are late againb. what were you doing thenc

45、. who you talked withd. how do you come to school4. -could you please tell me. .-bus no.32 will take you right there.a. where is henan museumb. what henan museum is likec. how can i get to henan museumd. which bus i shall take to henan museum5. peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one k

46、nows.a. where they have beenb. where are theyc. where are they fromd. where they have gone6. -do you know . the capital museum.-next friday.a. when will they visitb. when they will visitc. when did they visitd. when they visited7. he wanted to know.the english party.a. when will we haveb. when we wi

47、ll havec. when would we have d. when we would have8. i want to know. .a. when we should arrive at the airportb. when should we arrive at the airportc. when the airport we should arrive atd. when the airport should we arrive at9.-david, look at the man in white over there. can you tell me-he is a doc

48、tor.a. who is heb. who he isc. what is hed. what he is . .10. -could you tell me . . he is wanted by the head teacher.-sorry, i ve no idea. but hehere just now.a. where tim; wasb. where is tim; wasc. where tim is; wasd. where tim is; is11. -did mrs. king leave a message.-yes. she wanted to know this

49、 sunday.a. who you would go shoppingb. if you would go shopping with herc. that you will go shoppingd. when will you go shopping with her 12.- i m a teenager s mother. sometimes i don t kno.w-love and understanding.a. what my son needs mostb. what does my son want to getc. why my son gets annoyed ve

50、ry oftend. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. -i wonder. without water-about a week.a. how long man can liveb. how long can man livec. when man can lived. when can man live賓語從句鞏固練習(xí)參考答案1. 參考答案 d你打算什么時(shí)候去澳大利亞了嗎？賓語從句用陳述語序；2. 參考答案 d 賓語從句用陳述語序，where 作從句的賓語；3. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序，where 表示地點(diǎn)；4. 參考答案 ai

51、f 表示挑選，我想你是否將喜愛他；5. 參考答案 b有 or not， 所以用 whether.6. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序 .7. 參考答案 a 賓語從句用陳述語序 ,who 作從句的賓語；8. 參考答案 awhose 是全部格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語；9. 參考答案 a賓語從句用陳述語序；10. 參考答案d 主句是過去時(shí)，從句也要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，醫(yī)生問我之前我已經(jīng)病了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；11. 參考答案 c if 連接賓語從句，賓語從句用陳述語序；12. 參考答案 b whose 是全部格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語；13. 參考答案 c 賓語從句

52、用陳述語序；14. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序，時(shí)態(tài)不受限制；15. 參考答案 c主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，由于圣誕老人是之前就把禮物放進(jìn)襪子里了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；16. 參考答案b有 or not 就用 whether.17. 參考答案d賓語從句用陳述語序 , 主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；18. 參考答案 b 沒有人告知我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么，所以我們需要你的幫忙；賓語從句用陳述語序，假如選b 就是沒有人做什么，us 后面是賓語從句，而us 是賓格不能作從句的主語，所以c 選項(xiàng)缺少賓語從句的主語，應(yīng)選b.19. 參考答案 d 我們不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陸地和海洋；what 做 to do 的賓語；20. 參考答案d 賓語從句用陳述語序，他問我是否我能找出寄錢的人，主句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；21. 參考答案 b 賓語從句用陳述語序，what 作從句的賓語；22. 參考答案 a 賓語從句用陳述語序，哪一個(gè)班，所以用which class.23. 參考答案 d 你能告知我怎樣