新編英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教程TheInfinitive

1、The InfinitiveI. Forms of the InfinitiveA. general form: - to do (To-Infinitive) - do (Bare-Infinitive)eg. Ann was awful to leave her child on the train. To see is to believe. We must keep this in mind. What you said made me think.B. progressive form: to be doing; eg. I happened to be standing next

2、to him when he collapsed.C. perfective form: to have done; eg. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.D. perfective progressive form: to have been doing; eg. He appears to have been waiting a long time.II. Functions of the InfinitiveA. to form the PredicateB. to be the SubjectC. to be the Obje

3、ct D. to be Objective ComplementE. to be the Attribute/AppositiveF. to be the AdverbialG. to be the Predicative A. To form the PredicateYou must try to rescue him at any cost.Shes certain to do well in the examination.She happened to meet him on her way home. He seemed to have been told the news. Sh

4、e was made to tell him everything. You are expected to speak at the meeting. B. To be the SubjectB/1. To know the main facts is not sufficient. To be here is a great pleasure.B/2. It was a joy to read Barbaras books. Its not within my power to change his view. Its rather difficult for the people ove

5、r there to see the screen.C. To be the ObjectC/1. I have arranged to meet him at ten oclock. He pretended not to see me. S + V. + O. (O = to do) C/2. I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to tell her. S + V. + O. + C. (O = to do) = S + v. + it + C. + to doC/3. I dont know wh

6、at to do. Ill inquire how to get there. S. + V. + O. (O = an interrogative word + to do)C/4. Please inform me where to get the tickets. Ask your teacher how to pronounce the word. S. + V. + O.1+ O2 (O2 = an interrogative word + to do)C/5. To be the Prep. Objecta. The problem of how to get the grand

7、piano through the doorway baffled the workmen. He wrote a book on how to protect animals.b.He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. What could I do then except watch them carry you away? There is no alternative for the Arab states but to vote in favor. They could do nothing but wait for the do

8、ctors to arrive.D. to be Objective ComplementD/1. I heard her sing. I felt something crawl up my arm. Did you notice anyone come in? see / hear / feel /watch + O. + do * She was heard to sing. The car was seen to stop.D/2. have, let, make;eg. What would you have me do? Let me have your homework now.

9、 You made me laugh. have/let/make + O. + do * I was made to laugh. We were let to pay $150 to get our license.D/3. We cant allow the rain to spoil our day. You surely dont expect me to do all that! I cant get her to talk. The notice warned us not to go into the fields. advise, cause, allow, ask, beg

10、, drive, encourage, expect, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn+ O. + to do*Ive been invited to speak at a lunch party.D/4. We consider him ( to be ) a good officer. We found him ( to be ) honest. We had proved Keith ( to be ) wrong. We know/bel

11、ieve/judge him to be reliable. I should imagine/suppose him to be above fifty. consider/declare/find/prove+ O. + (to be) know/believe/discover/feel/imagine/judge/ suppose+ O. + to beD/5. Id love them to come tonight. I hate you to do that. Id prefer you to leave him alone. I dont want there to be an

12、y trouble. love, hate, like, prefer, want + O. + to doEx. 20E (self-study)E. to be Attribute/AppositiveE/1. To modify sth. or sb. a. The next man to come was Grey. He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor. b. Would you like something to drink? He has a large family to support. The lake is

13、 a good place to swim in.E/2. I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make an attempt to cross the river tonight. V. + to do n. + to doE/3. He was obviously anxious to go. His anxiety to go was obvious. He was willi

14、ng to please. He showed a willingness to please. adj. + to do n. + to doEx. 20 C, DF. to be the AdverbialF/1. To be Adverbial of an Adj. phraseF/2. To be Adverbial of a V. phraseF/3. To be sentence AdverbialF/1. To be Adverbial of an Adj. phraseA. sentence sub. = logical sub. of the Inf.vHenry was h

15、appy to hear it.vTom was worried to find that his expenses exceeded his income every month.vHe had been reading my books and was anxious to ask me some questions. vGovernments are keen not to let the cost of living rise out of control. vHe was determined to hold on to this job whatever difficulties

16、he might meet with. vThe teacher is anxious for her to give a good mark. vId be afraid for her to go swimming alone.vIm quite willing for your brother to come with me.vWed be delighted for you to come next week. Wed be delighted that you will come next week.vIn other words, Americans think you are j

17、ust as likely to get rich by winning the lottery as you are by saving. vShes certain to do well in the examination.vJames is sure to need help.vSally is lucky enough to have been admitted to his world famous university. vYou are fortunate to have had the help and guidance of such a man. vYou are foo

18、lish to put Susans picture in range with Leos. vYou are kind to give me so much of your time . vJohn was careless to break the cup.vIts foolish of you to put Susans picture in range with Leos. vIt s very kind of you to give me so much of your time . vIt was careless of John to break the cup.B. sente

19、nce sub. = logical ob. of the Inf. a. That question is difficult to answer. Mary is easy to teach. To teach Mary is easy. Its easy (for you) to teach Mary. b. The grass is smooth to walk on. The coffee is bitter to taste. To taste the coffee is bitter. X Its bitter to taste the coffee. XEx. 20A, BF/

20、2. To be Adverbial of a V. phraseA. He went home to see his mother. Im saving up to buy a new house. to be a purpose He came here in order to see Charlie. We went early in order not to miss the train. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.B. He laughed to see such fun. She seemed surprised to mee

21、t us. I rejoiced to learn that my son was admitted into that hallowed university. to be a reasonC. What have I done to deserve so much? She went abroad never to return. He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. to be a consequence She woke up early to find it was raining. She woke up

22、 early and found it was raining. so/suchas to Will you be so good as to tell him so? Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others. enough to That looks almost good enough to eat. We have enough money to spend. tooto His eye

23、sight is too poor to read such small letters. I shall be only too pleased to get home.Ex. Rewrite the following, using tooto or enough to.1. The river was so deep they couldnt wade across.2. The policeman could not run very fast, and so was unable to catch the thief.3. The accident was so terrible w

24、e cant talk about it.4. There was a lot of food left over; it would have fed a dozen more people.5. Your nails are so long that they might scratch anybodys eyes out.1. The river was so deep they couldnt wade across. The river was too deep for them to wade across.2. The policeman could not run very f

25、ast, and so was unable to catch the thief. The policeman could not run fast enough to catch the thief.3. The accident was so terrible we cant talk about it. The accident was too terrible for us to talk about.4. There was a lot of food left over; it would have fed a dozen more people. There was enoug

26、h food left over to feed a dozen more people.5. Your nails are so long that they might scratch anybodys eyes out. Your nails are long enough to scratch anybodys eyes out.F/3. To be a sentence adverbial ( a comment clause)eg. To begin with, I think youre wrong. To tell the truth, Im puzzled. Imperial

27、ism is, so to speak, digging its own grave. The rush work was completed in less than one day-six hours, to be exact.G. To be Predicative My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Our plan is to make better use of these medicinal herbs. What I could suggest is to start at once. All I did is em

28、pty the bottle. The worst you can do is become very drowsy. What he has done is spoil the whole thing. What he is doing is spoiling the whole thing.III. Passive Form of the Inf. to be done / to have been done;eg. Its impossible for lost time to be made up. The manuscript seems to have been written b

29、y Shakespeare. Mary is easy to get on with. That question is difficult to answer. The coffee is bitter to taste.This is too important a matter to leave / to be left until tomorrow.There is much work to do / to be done.There are many books to read / to be read.To read = books that I can or would like

30、 to readTo be read = books that I must readThere was nothing to see / to be seen.To see = nothing worth seeingTo be seen = the thing being looked for was not thereIV. “to do” or “do”?1. Model Aux. + do2. had better, had best, would rather, rather than, would sooner, sooner than, may as well+ do3. To be objective complement a. see, feel, smell, hear, watch+O.+ do b. have, make, let +O.+ do c. help + O.+ do (to do)4. doexcept,