科技英語第一單元(新)

1、Technology English Book 1Unit One SuperhighwayUnit One Superhighway lead in Activities Text Study & Reading Skills Words and PhrasesNoun Clouses & PracticeExercisesOutlineOutlinePart I Lead in ActivitiesLook at the pictures of car, train, ship and plane, try to answer some simple questions. Cars are

2、 running( )on the wayThe train is running( )on the railwayA ship is sailing( )on the seaA plane is flying ( )in the skySo in which way is informationtransmitted?Superhighway is an information transmission network with high speed, high-capacity and multi-media. It can supply the customers a large amo

3、unt of information at any time.The complete network system is composed of communications network, computers, database and daily electronic products.“信息高速公路信息高速公路”指的是可以交流各種信息的大容量、指的是可以交流各種信息的大容量、高速度的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。它可以高速度地傳播信息、接高速度的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。它可以高速度地傳播信息、接收信息、查閱信息，就像高速公路大大提高了車輛收信息、查閱信息，就像高速公路大大提高了車輛行駛的速度一樣。行駛的速度一樣。 Q

4、1:What is superhighway?安普安普XGXG光纖光纖Q2: What is the core component of Information Superhighway?The core of the Information Superhighway is optical fiber which is composed of many slim fibers. Q3:How does the Information Superhighway change our lives? tips:It impacts us largely. Our living ways is cha

5、nged daily and hourly. We can see the telephones and the E-mail take the places of the outdated letters and telegrams. We can see the computers and the TVs take the places of the entertainments we played in the old day. Even the TVs witch were ever popular also has a danger of being replaced by the

6、computers we can watch the same programs at any time on the internet.Part II :Text Study and reading skills Part II :Text Study and reading skillsThe Information Superhighway The purpose of the information superhighway is to provide remote electronic banking, schooling, shopping , taxpaying, chattin

7、g ,game playing, video conferencing, movie ordering and medical diagnosing. Heres what it wont do: It wont remove the need to shop at stores, drive a car, visit friends, or do most of the things you normally do now. It might make many things you do easier and more convenient. Movies you now can get

8、only at video stores will be available on your TV 24 hours a day. The information superhighway will carry all kinds of personal matters from your tastes in movies to yourThe Information highwaybuying habits. How this information will be protected is one of the great unknowns. Computer hackers repres

9、ent another threat. Last February, high-tech marauders were able to steal thousands of passwords from Internet; this would allow them to read hundreds of personal files, including E-mail. Such a break-in could result in anything from a small inconvenience to a loss of privacy. On the other hand, com

10、puterized system gives financial institutions and police stations much better tools for picking out patterns of criminal behavior.Part II :Text Study and reading skillsNew Words Meaning Guess New Words Meaning Guess 在英語閱讀中，同學(xué)們不可避免地會遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞或詞組（統(tǒng)在英語閱讀中，同學(xué)們不可避免地會遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞或詞組（統(tǒng)稱為稱為“New words”）。）。 這些生詞會影

11、響我們的閱讀速度和對文章的理解。這些生詞會影響我們的閱讀速度和對文章的理解。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著互相事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)語境推測、判斷他們的詞義。下面就介紹一制約的關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)語境推測、判斷他們的詞義。下面就介紹一些猜詞的技巧：些猜詞的技巧：一、根據(jù)生詞的定義或解釋猜測詞義一、根據(jù)生詞的定義或解釋猜測詞義這種定義或釋義關(guān)系常由這種定義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來或破折號等來表示。表示。（1）根據(jù)生詞的定義猜測詞義

12、）根據(jù)生詞的定義猜測詞義例：例：Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck，four legs and orange skin with dark spots（2 2）根據(jù)復(fù)述或解釋猜測詞義）根據(jù)復(fù)述或解釋猜測詞義 例：Last February, high-tech marauders were able to steal thousands of passwords from Internet; this would allow them to read hundreds of personal files, including E-mail. S

13、uch a break-in could result in anything from a small inconvenience to a loss of privacy.雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì)，但是本句中可通過短語steal from; breakin提供的信息足以猜出生詞詞義“掠奪者；搶劫者” （3）根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義）根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義例：The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical

14、area as they were in the past. 句中句中“戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭”和和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞是生詞epochal的實例，通過它們我的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出該詞的大致詞義為們可以猜出該詞的大致詞義為“重要的重要的”，這與其確切含義，這與其確切含義“劃時代劃時代的的”十分接近。十分接近。 二、根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義二、根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義 （1）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，若兩個事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以借在句子或段落中，若兩個事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以借助表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞助表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(b

15、ecause，since，as，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore等等)推知生詞詞義。推知生詞詞義。例：例：We were unable to get enough money and therefore had to abandon the project.（2）根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義）根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義文章中，常有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比性的描述，我們可以根文章中，常有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的連詞或短語（據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系的連詞或短語（however, but, on the contrary，unlike，not

16、，rather than, in spite of，in contrast， on the other hand等）猜測出生詞含義。等）猜測出生詞含義。例：例：Some liked milk，but others abhorred it通過句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞通過句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，我們可以猜出，我們可以猜出 abhor一詞應(yīng)該是一詞應(yīng)該是like的反的反義詞，這樣就很容易猜測詞義為義詞，這樣就很容易猜測詞義為“厭惡厭惡”。（3）根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義）根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義 同對比關(guān)系不同的是，比較關(guān)系通常表示的是意義上的相似關(guān)系，同對比關(guān)系不同的是，比較關(guān)系通常表示的是意義上的相似關(guān)系，并通過相應(yīng)的連

17、詞或短語（并通過相應(yīng)的連詞或短語（similarly，like，just as，also等）來等）來表達(dá)。表達(dá)。例：例：Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.（4）根據(jù)主語和表語的關(guān)系猜測詞義）根據(jù)主語和表語的關(guān)系猜測詞義 “系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)”的句子有兩種表意功能，一是表語說明主語的形狀的句子有兩種表意功能，一是表語說明主語的形狀或特征，二是表語和主語是同位關(guān)系。或特征，二是表語和主語是同位關(guān)系。例：例：The purpose of the information superhighway is to pro

18、vide remote electronic banking, schooling, shopping , taxpaying, chatting ,game playing, video conferencing, movie ordering and medical diagnosing.此句中表語是提供遠(yuǎn)程電子銀行、遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)、購物、納稅、聊天、此句中表語是提供遠(yuǎn)程電子銀行、遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)、購物、納稅、聊天、玩游戲、視頻會議、電影訂購和醫(yī)療診斷等信息服務(wù)，詳細(xì)描述玩游戲、視頻會議、電影訂購和醫(yī)療診斷等信息服務(wù)，詳細(xì)描述了主語的功能，可以推測是跟互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的了主語的功能，可以推測是跟互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的“

19、信息高速公路信息高速公路”.三、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義三、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義英語閱讀中有相當(dāng)一部分生詞是通過派生、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成構(gòu)英語閱讀中有相當(dāng)一部分生詞是通過派生、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成構(gòu)成的，因此掌握這三種構(gòu)詞法很快就能猜測出生詞的詞義。成的，因此掌握這三種構(gòu)詞法很快就能猜測出生詞的詞義。1 根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義 例：例：Im illiterate about such things.2 根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義 例：例：Insecticide is applied where it is needed.3根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義 例：例：Bullfight

20、is very popular in Spain.四、根據(jù)文化背景知識或生活常識猜測詞義四、根據(jù)文化背景知識或生活常識猜測詞義例：例：Husband：its really cold out tonight.Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?Exercises:Try to guess the meaning of the new word in each sentence .1.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long tim

21、e. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 2.The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 3. A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.4.

22、 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.5. All his belongingsa few articles of clothing and a few booksare herePart III New words and phrasessuper

23、highway suphawe n.信息高速公路,(美國)超級高速公路electronic lektrnk adj. 電子的，電子學(xué)的 remove rmuv vt 移動，遷移；調(diào)動； 搬開，拿走； 除掉，消除，刪除hacker hk n. 電腦黑客，企圖不法侵入他人電 腦系統(tǒng)的人inconvenience nknvinns n. 不便；麻煩 vt. 麻煩；打擾allow to 允許某人做某事break-in 闖入；非法進(jìn)入result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是on the other hand 另一方面，反之pick out 挑出 挑選出 Part III New words and phrase

24、sI.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. According to the passage, the information superhighway can help do the following except _. A)medical service B) conversation C)going out dining D) education2. What can we learn from the passage ? A) With the information superhighway the

25、re is no need for us to shop at stores. B)It is not impossible to do shopping through the information superhighway. C)The information superhighway can operate on patients in hospital. D)The information superhighway will do most of the things you normally do now.When he put it up again his picture ap

26、peared on the screen.Part IV Exercises3.The main topic of the passage is _.A) The advantages of the information superhighway.B)The information superhighwayC) The disadvantages of the information superhighway.D) What the information superhighway cant do.4.From the passage we can infer that_.A) it is

27、hard to protect the privacy of superhighway users B)superhighway has a thousand passwordsC)financial institutions can deal with criminal behaviorD)nobody knows your buying habits from the superhighwayPart IV Exercises1.I am available for an interview at your (inconvenience)_and look forward to an op

28、portunity to discuss ways to improve sales 2.Miss Smiths assistant enjoys(work) _for her although she treats her very strictly. 3. Employees are not allowed (make)_ personal phone calls in the office.4.The purpose of new technology is to make life (easy) _, not to make it more difficult.5.I shall ap

29、preciated your effort in ( correct) _this error in my bank account as soon as possible.II. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets.convenienceworkingto makecorrectingeasier6.All types of water pollution are (harm) _ to the health of humans and animals.7.At that time, I

30、worked for a company that (consider) _ as the best both nationally and internationally.8.The sales manager asked his secretary(arrange) _ a press conference for their new products.9.In the past few years, traffic problems (become) _ more and more serious.10.He tried to solve the problem, but he (qui

31、ck) _ gave up.harmfulwas considereto arrangehave becomequickly1.我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生與朋友一起做作業(yè)。（我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生與朋友一起做作業(yè)。（allow to ）I think students should be allowed to do homework with I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.friends.2.反之，如果不喜歡一樣?xùn)|西，我們就搖搖頭。（反之，如果不喜歡一樣?xùn)|西，我們就搖搖頭。（on the other hand）

32、On the other hand, we can easily show what we do not On the other hand, we can easily show what we do not like by shaking our heads. like by shaking our heads. 3.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場車禍（他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場車禍（result in）His carelessness resulted in the car accident.His carelessness resulted in the car accident.III. Transla

33、tionIII. Translation4. The purpose of the information superhighway is to provide remote electronic banking, schooling, shopping , taxpaying, chatting ,game playing, video conferencing, movie ordering and medical diagnosing.信息高速公路能提供遠(yuǎn)程電子銀行，遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)、購物、納稅、聊天、玩信息高速公路能提供遠(yuǎn)程電子銀行，遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)、購物、納稅、聊天、玩游戲、視頻會議、電影訂購和醫(yī)療

34、診斷等信息服務(wù)。游戲、視頻會議、電影訂購和醫(yī)療診斷等信息服務(wù)。 5. The information superhighway will carry all kinds of personal matters from your tastes in movies to your buying habits. How this information will be protected is one of the great unknowns.信息高速公路會攜帶各種個人資料從你的電影喜好到購買習(xí)慣，如何將信息高速公路會攜帶各種個人資料從你的電影喜好到購買習(xí)慣，如何將這些信息得到保護(hù)是個很大的未知

35、數(shù)。這些信息得到保護(hù)是個很大的未知數(shù)。Part V Grammar 主謂一致主謂一致在英語中，謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上同主語保持一致，在英語中，謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上同主語保持一致，叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個原則來處理，即：語法形叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個原則來處理，即：語法形式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致的原則。的原則。一、語法形式一致的原則，即在語法形式上取得一致。如：主一、語法形式一致的原則，即在語法形式上取得一致。如：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動

36、詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The child is playing outside.The children are playing outside.Is this kind of car made in Shanghai?Half of the apples are given to the children.Half of the work is left unfinished.The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.二、二、邏輯意義一致原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)邏輯意義

37、一致原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。的內(nèi)在涵義。The family were watching TV last night.The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.Twenty years is a long time to us.The United States is in North America.The old is taken good care of in our country.三、就近一致原則，即謂語動

38、詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，三、就近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。又稱為毗鄰一致原則。例如：例如：1、當(dāng)、當(dāng)or，either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。Not only the mother but also the children were there.There is a desk and three chairs in the room.Neither they nor he is wholly right. There are two chairs and a desk in the room.ExerciseI.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe2. A woma