組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)英漢互譯

1、組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué) 組織學(xué) histology胚胎學(xué) embryology組織 tissue細(xì)胞外基質(zhì) extracellular matrix光學(xué)顯微鏡 light microscope電子顯微鏡 electron microscope石蠟切片術(shù) paraffin sectioning蘇木精-伊紅染色法 hematoxylin-eosin staining組織化學(xué) histochemistry 免疫組織化學(xué) immunohistochemistry組織培養(yǎng) cell culture組織工程 tissue engineering上皮 epithelium內(nèi)皮 endothelium間皮 mesot

2、helium外分泌腺 exocrine gland內(nèi)分泌腺 endocrine gland腺泡 acinus漿液性細(xì)胞 serous cell粘液性細(xì)胞 mucous cell漿半月 serous demilune微絨毛 microvillus纖毛 cilium橋粒 desmosome連接復(fù)合體 junctional complex 基膜 basement membrane基板 basal lamina網(wǎng)板 reticular lamina疏松結(jié)綈組織 loose connective tissue結(jié)締組織 connective tissue固有結(jié)締組織 connective tissue p

3、roper間充質(zhì) mesenchyme成纖維細(xì)胞 fibroblast纖維細(xì)胞 fibrocyte巨噬細(xì)胞 macrophage漿細(xì)胞 plasma cell肥大細(xì)胞 mast cell脂肪細(xì)胞 fat cell間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞 mesenchymal膠原纖維 collagenous fiber彈性纖維 elastic fiber網(wǎng)狀纖維 reticular fiber基質(zhì) ground substance脂肪組織 adipose tissue網(wǎng)狀組織 reticular tissue血漿 plasma血清 serum芮氏染色 wright staining紅細(xì)胞 erythrocyte,red b

4、lood cell血紅蛋白 hemoglobin,Hb紅細(xì)胞膜骨架 erythrocyte membrane skeleton溶血 hemolysis網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞 reticulocyte白細(xì)胞 leukocyte,white blood cell中性粒細(xì)胞 neutrophilic granulocyte,neutrophil嗜天青顆粒 azurophilic granule特殊顆粒 specific granule嗜堿性顆粒 basophilic granule單核細(xì)胞 monocyte淋巴細(xì)胞 lymphocyte血小板 blood platelet骨髓 bone marrow造血干細(xì)胞

5、hemopoietic stem cell多能干細(xì)胞 multipotential stem cell軟骨組織 cartilage tissue軟骨細(xì)胞 chondrocyte軟骨陷窩 cartilage lacuna同源細(xì)胞群 isogenous group軟骨囊 cartilage capsule透明軟骨 hyaline cartilage纖維軟骨 fibrous cartilage彈性軟骨 elastic cartilage成軟骨細(xì)胞 chondroblast骨組織 osseous tissue骨基質(zhì) bone matrix類骨質(zhì) osteoid骨板 bone lamella骨祖細(xì)胞 o

6、steoprogenitor cell成骨細(xì)胞 osteoblast基質(zhì)小泡 matric vesicle骨細(xì)胞 osteocyte骨陷窩 bone lacuna骨小管 bone canaliculus破骨細(xì)胞 osteoclast穿通管 perforating canal環(huán)骨板 circumferential lamella哈弗斯系統(tǒng) Haversian system骨單位 osteon骨骼肌 skeletal muscle心肌 cardiac muscle平滑肌 smooth muscle肌原纖維 myofibril肌節(jié) sarcomere肌漿 sarcoplasm肌漿網(wǎng) sarcopla

7、smic reticulum閏盤 intercalated disk橫小管 transverse tubule縱小管 longitudinal tubule終池 terminal cisternae三聯(lián)體 triad粗肌絲 thick filament細(xì)肌絲 filament神經(jīng)組織 nervous tissue神經(jīng)元 neuron神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 neuroglial cell尼氏體 Nissl body神經(jīng)遞質(zhì) neurotransmitter神經(jīng)原纖維 neurofibril樹突 dendrite軸突 axon軸膜 axolemma軸漿 axoplasm假單極神經(jīng)元 pseudounipol

8、ar neuron突觸 synaptic突觸前成分 presynaptic element突觸間隙 synaptic cleft突觸后成分 postsynaptic element突觸后膜 postsynaptic membrane突觸前膜 presynaptic membrane突觸小體 synaptic knob星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 astrocyte少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 oligodendrocyte室管膜細(xì)胞 ependymal cell施萬(wàn)細(xì)胞 Schwann cell髓鞘 myelin sheath有髓神經(jīng)纖維 myelinated nerve fiber郎飛結(jié) Ranvier node中間體 i

9、nternode觸覺小體 tactile corpuscle環(huán)層小體 lamellar corpuscle神經(jīng)肌連接 neuromuscular junction錐體細(xì)胞 pyramidal cell外顆粒層 external granular layer外錐體細(xì)胞層 external pyramidal layer內(nèi)顆粒層 internal granular layer內(nèi)錐體細(xì)胞 internal pyramidal layer 多形細(xì)胞層 polymorphic layer浦肯野細(xì)胞 Purkinje cell高爾基細(xì)胞 Golgi cell攀緣纖維 climbing fiber苔蘚纖維

10、mossy fiber閏紹細(xì)胞 Ranshaw cell節(jié)細(xì)胞 ganglion cell血腦屏障 blood-brain barrier內(nèi)膜 tunica intima中膜 tunica media外膜 tunica adventitia心內(nèi)膜 endocardium心外膜 epicardium心肌膜 myocardium微動(dòng)脈 arteriole微靜脈 venule毛細(xì)血管 capillary彈性膜 elastic membrane周細(xì)胞 pericyte連續(xù)毛細(xì)血管 continuous capillary有孔毛細(xì)血管 fenestrated capillary 血竇 sinusoid

11、capillary蒲肯野纖維 Purkinje fiber微循環(huán) microcirculation皮膚 skin表皮 epidermis角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞 keratinocyte基底層 stratum basale棘層 stratum spinosum顆粒層 stratum granulosum透明層 stratum lucidum角質(zhì)層 stratum corneum黑素細(xì)胞 melanocyte朗格漢斯細(xì)胞 Langerhans cell真皮 dermis毛 hair皮脂腺 sebaceous gland汗腺 sweat gland淋巴細(xì)胞再循環(huán) recirculation of lympho

12、cyte單核吞噬細(xì)胞系統(tǒng) mononuclear phagocytic system樹突狀細(xì)胞 dendritic cell彌散淋巴組織 diffuse lymphoid tissue淋巴小結(jié) lymphoid nodule生發(fā)中心germinal center胸腺小葉 thymic lobule胸腺細(xì)胞 thymocyte血胸屏障 blood-thymus barrier淺層皮質(zhì) superficial cortex副皮質(zhì)區(qū) paracortical zone皮質(zhì)淋巴竇 cortical sinus髓索 medullary cord髓竇 medullary sinus白髓 white pul

13、p紅髓 red pulp 動(dòng)脈周圍淋巴鞘 periarterial lymphatic sheath 邊緣區(qū) marginal zone脾索 splenic cord脾血竇 splenic sinus激素 hormone甲狀腺濾泡 thyroid follicle濾泡旁細(xì)胞 parafollicular cell束狀帶 zona fasciculata球狀帶 zona glomerulosa網(wǎng)狀帶 zona reticularis嗜鉻細(xì)胞 chromaffin cell遠(yuǎn)側(cè)部 pars distalis嗜酸性細(xì)胞 acidophil噬堿性細(xì)胞 basophil嫌色細(xì)胞 chromophobe

14、cell赫令體 herring body促性腺激素細(xì)胞 gonadotroph垂體細(xì)胞 pituicyte生長(zhǎng)激素細(xì)胞 somatotroph垂體門脈系統(tǒng) hypophyseal portal system粘膜 mucosa粘膜下層 submucosa肌層 muscularis外膜 adventitia皺襞 plica漿膜 serosa胃小凹 gastric area胃底腺 fundic gland壁細(xì)胞 oxyntic cell主細(xì)胞 chief cell細(xì)胞內(nèi)分泌小管 intracellular secretory canaliculus腸絨毛 intestinal villus吸收細(xì)胞

15、absorptive cell潘氏細(xì)胞 Paneth cell十二指腸腺 duodenal gland中央乳糜管 central lacteal消化腺 digestive gland閏管 intercalated duct泡心細(xì)胞 centroacinar cell胰島 pancreas islet肝小葉 hepatic lobule中央靜脈 central vein肝細(xì)胞 hepatocyte 肝板 hepatic plate肝巨噬細(xì)胞 Kupffer cell竇周隙 persinusoidal space膽小管 bile canaliculi門管區(qū) portal area呼吸系統(tǒng) resp

16、iratory system氣管 trachea刷細(xì)胞 brush cell纖維細(xì)胞 ciliated cell支氣管 bronchus肺 lung呼吸性細(xì)支氣管 respiratory bronchiole肺泡管 alveolar duct 肺泡囊 alveolar alveoli肺泡 pulmonary alveoli肺泡隔 alveolar septum肺巨噬細(xì)胞 pulmonary macrophage氣血屏障 blood-air barrier腎單位 nephron髓放線 medullary ray泌尿小管 uriniferous tubule腎小體 renal corpuscle血

17、管球 glomerulus腎小囊 renal capsule腎小管 renal tubule足細(xì)胞 podocyte近端小管 proximal tubule遠(yuǎn)端小管 distal tubule刷狀緣 brush border致密斑 macula densa濾過屏障 filtration barrier腎素 renin球旁復(fù)合體 juxtaglomerular complex生精小管 seminiferous tubule精子細(xì)胞 spermatid精原細(xì)胞 spermatogonium精子細(xì)胞 spermatogenesis精母發(fā)生 spermatocyte精子 spermatozoon生精細(xì)

18、胞 spermatogenic cell頂體 acrosome精子形成 spermiogenesis附睪 epididymis支持細(xì)胞 Sustentacular cell前列腺 prostate血睪屏障 blood-testis barrier睪丸間質(zhì)細(xì)胞 testicular interstitial cell雄激素結(jié)合蛋白 androgen binding protein女性生殖系統(tǒng) female reproductive system卵巢 vary 卵泡 follicle卵原細(xì)胞 oogonia初級(jí)卵母細(xì)胞 primary oocyte次級(jí)卵母細(xì)胞 secondary oocyte排卵

19、 ovulation卵細(xì)胞 ovum透明帶 zona pellucida放射冠 corona radiata黃體 uterus子宮 uterus子宮腺 uterine gland乳腺 mammary gland生殖細(xì)胞 germ cell配子 gamete獲能 capacitation受精 fertilization頂體反應(yīng) acrosome reaction透明帶反應(yīng) zona reaction雄原核 male pronucleus雌原核 female pronucleus受精卵（合子） fertilized ovum (zygote)卵裂 cleavage卵裂球 blastomere桑椹胚

20、 moruia胚泡 blastocyte胚泡腔 blastocoele滋養(yǎng)層 trophoblast內(nèi)細(xì)胞群 inner cell mass植入(著床） implantation(imbed）合體滋養(yǎng)層 syncytiotrophoblast細(xì)胞滋養(yǎng)層 cytotrophoblast蛻膜 decidua蛻膜細(xì)胞 decidual cell基蛻膜 decidua basalis包蛻膜 decidua capularis壁蛻膜 decidua parietalis胚盤 embryonic disc上胚層 epiblast下胚層 hypoblast體蒂 body stalk原條 primitive

21、steak原結(jié) primitive node原溝 primitive groove原凹 primitive pit胚內(nèi)中胚層 intraembryonic mesoderm中胚層 mesoderm外胚層 ectoderm內(nèi)胚層 endoderm脊索 notochord神經(jīng)扳 neural plate神經(jīng)溝 neural groove神經(jīng)褶 neural fold神經(jīng)管 neural tube神經(jīng)嵴 neural crest間充質(zhì) mesenchyme軸旁中胚層 paraxial mesoderm間接中胚層 intermediate mesoderm側(cè)中胚層 lateral mesoderm體壁

22、中胚層 parietal mesoderm臟壁中胚層 visceral mesoderm衣胞 afterbirth胎膜 fetal membrane絨毛膜 chorion羊膜 amnion羊水 amniotic fluid卵黃囊 yolk sac尿囊 allantois臍帶 umbilical cord胎盤 placenta胎盤隔 placental septum胎盤膜 placental membrane胎盤屏障 placental barrier雙胎 twins多胎 multiplets連體多胎 conjoined twins原始消化管 primitive gut前腸 forgut中腸 h

23、indgut后腸 midgut甲狀舌管 thyroglossal duct中腸袢 midgut loop盲腸突 caecal bud臍腔 nmbilical coelom泄殖腔 cloaca尿直腸隔 urorectal septum尿直腸竇 urogenital sinus尿直腸膜 urogenital membrane肛膜 anal membrane肝憩室 hepatic diverticulum腹胰芽 ventral pancreas bud背胰芽 dorsal pancreas bud麥克爾憩室 Meckels diverticulum臍糞瘺 nmbilical fistula先天性臍疝 congenital umbilical hernia喉氣管溝 laryngotracheal diverticulum肺芽 lung bud氣管食管瘺 tracheoesophageal fistula透明膜病 hyaline membrane disease生腎節(jié) nephrotome尿生殖嵴 ur