2021高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：虛

1、2021 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣難點(diǎn)形成原因：1. 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程太零碎，不系統(tǒng)。2. 分不清什么時(shí)候使用，怎么使用。3. 一些固定用法記不住。解決方法：虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。由于虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的是與事實(shí)相 反的行為狀態(tài)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化不同于陳述語(yǔ)氣，這也是大家感到困惑和容易 出錯(cuò)的地方。做此類題目時(shí)，關(guān)鍵要迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)解題信息詞，確定虛擬語(yǔ)氣類型， 然后按各類虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特定表達(dá)方式確定動(dòng)詞的形式。用法講解：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)， 或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況， 而僅是一種愿望、 建議或者與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語(yǔ)中。1. 條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬情況條件從句謂語(yǔ)

2、形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式典型例句與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反did/werewould doI would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ?與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had done would have doneIf Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ? 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 did/were would doWe would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would d

3、o it some other way.were to doshould do混合虛擬從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 had done would doIt is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 2002 上海 含蓄虛擬條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或其他方 式表示。通常的詞或短語(yǔ)有： with

4、out 如果沒(méi)有 , but for 要不是 , but that, otherwise, or, but等。He hesitated for a momentbefore kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 2001上海春季 But for my classmates help, I would not have finished the work in time. 2004 三級(jí)題 Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well

5、. 2004 三級(jí)題 注意：在虛擬條件句中，假設(shè)有動(dòng)詞 were, should 或 had+ 過(guò)去分詞 ，可以 省略 if ，且把這三個(gè)詞放在主句之前，變成倒裝句。如：What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? 2001 上海 Had I realized you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. 1996 三級(jí)題 Had the weather been good, the children could

6、have gone out for a walk. 2001 三級(jí)題 Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. 2004 三級(jí)題 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞虛擬情況賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)形式典型例句wish與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would doI wish I would go to the Mars one day. 與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 did/wereHowI wish every family had a large house with a

7、beautiful garden. 2002 上海春季 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had donePeter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. 2000 三級(jí)題 would rather 與將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did /were- Do you mind if I keep pets in this build ing?- I d rather you didnt, actually. 2000 上海 命令 order , command要求 request, demand, insis

8、t建議 suggest, propose, recommend, adviseshould do should 可以省略 Who do you suggest be sent to work there? 2002上海 had hoped “本來(lái)想要，本來(lái)希望would doneI had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.注意：表命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的詞 order; request, demand, insist;suggest,propose, recommend, advise 其表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都 要用should do的形式，should可以省略。但當(dāng)insist 表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō) ,suggest 表示 “暗示,說(shuō)明時(shí),不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。The generals commandwas that the soldiers leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. 表語(yǔ)從句 , 省略 should, 2002 三級(jí)題 Her suggestion that everybody sing a song was not a