高中英語語法主語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、 主語從句一、概述：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用，這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句。二.主語從句主要有四類：（1） 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2） 用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句: whether有含義(是否)

2、/在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。 例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（3） 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句 在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例

3、如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punis

4、hed. （主語從句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語從句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）（4）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been m

5、ade pubic.三.注意點: it構(gòu)成的主語從句（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. When the plane is to take off has not been announced . = It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.

6、(但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語。)錯:It is a book what he wants.對:What he wants is a book. 另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較： It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （2）常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu) It is +名詞+從句It is a fact

7、that 事實是It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that 是個問題It is common knowledge that 是常識類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It

8、s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing

9、, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you. It is essential that he should be here by the weekend. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. It is important that a stu

10、dent learn English well. It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（should）動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。 It is +過去分詞+從句It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It has been proved that 已證明It must be proved that 必須指出類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; di

11、scussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player. It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. It has not been made clear when the new road

12、 is to be opened to traffic. It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. It seems （happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / occurred ）that 如： It seems that they will win the game. It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. It does not matter if I missed

13、my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)1. _asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.Theestimate B.TheestimatedC.Theyareestimated D.Itisestimatedthat2._somemammals cametoliveintheseaisnotknown.A.WhichB.SinceC.AlthoughD.How3._wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.Who

14、everB.WhateverC.HoweverD.That4._wealthydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatamanisgreedy.A.ForthereasonthatheisB.JustbecauseheisC.ThereasonofbeingD.Thatheis5.Although_happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction, itcouldoccur elsewhereintheworld.A.whichB.whatC.howD.it6._shehadforgottentotakehernotebo

15、ok.A.ThatoccurredtoherB.SheoccurredthatC.ToherthatoccurredD.Itoccurredtoherthat7.Iamsurethat_shesaidiswrong.A.whichB.allC.thisD.what8.Welostourwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whichC.itD.What9._ornotisstilluncertain.A.HescomingB.Ifheiscoming C.ThatcomingD.Whetherhes

16、coming10.Its_hellbeabletocome.A.doubtwhetherB.doubtfulC.doubtitD.doubtfulwhether11._heisatworkintheheartofthebigcityorathomeinthequiet suburb,Dickslifeistiedtomachines.A.WhetherB.TillC.IfD.Unless12._hesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Which13._is warmsunshine.A.Whatdoweallneed.B.W

17、hatallweneedC.Whatweneed D.Whatweallneed14._isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupset.A.WhatB.ThatC.HeD.It15._aspoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.A.RemarkableB.QuiteremarkablyC.ItisremarkablethatD.Itisremarkablefactthat16._younominatewillbeelected.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhomeverD.That

18、s17._bookyouborrowmustbereturnedwithinaweek.A.WhatB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Thats18._ofusgetshomefirststartscooking.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhicheverD.Anyone1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.

19、When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. _ Tom liked to eat was

20、 different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D.

21、 is thought that8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you dont like h

22、im is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A.

23、When B. Why C. What D. That15._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18._makes mistakes must correct them.A.

24、Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D

25、. the one22._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who 表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever,

26、 wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時,我

27、似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether

28、 we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣。3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, wh

29、omever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。Thats what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I

30、had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的。5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。Thats because

31、 we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事。It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall5: prove, turn out 系動詞的固定搭配:co

32、me true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though (if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because 注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。The truth is（that）I didnt go there. 事實是我沒去那兒。考題1 The traditional view is _ we sleep becaus

33、e our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句， 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此， 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that?？碱}2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動詞is后的

34、表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where， 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”?？碱}3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語， 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此”(指因某種

35、原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why?？碱}4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一個下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由becau

36、se引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)， 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why?？碱}5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一個下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因、 理由， 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句?？碱}6

37、 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應(yīng)， 充當(dāng)表語從句。表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系

38、不屬于的賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。賓語從句 (1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。 時態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài), 即(一般過去時, 過去進(jìn)行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。 連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether

39、(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。 表語從句 在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。 如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進(jìn)的房間。 The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。 This This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。 That”s s why I want

40、you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。 His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。 注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。 as as if, as though, becau也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。 She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。 It It is because you eat too much那是因為你吃得太多了。 表從練習(xí)一1. The question i

41、s _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who

42、 can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked

43、 _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother

44、is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. Why二1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2

45、. The trouble is_we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ . A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used

46、 to being D. what it was used to be 5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. Such三1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that_ you had a few days of

47、f？A. why B .what C. when D. where 2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterd

48、ays game? -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can g