中考專題三形容詞、副詞專題

1、 中考專題三 形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)解讀中考對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查熱點(diǎn)一般集中在對(duì)它們的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化及用法上。命題形式往往是在一句話中空出形容詞或副詞，讓考生根據(jù)句子的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)確定空白處應(yīng)用形容詞還是副詞，或者應(yīng)用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。具體內(nèi)容如下：1形容詞、副詞的各種用法。 2形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)。3各種表示比較的句型。4形容詞、副詞構(gòu)成的一些重要短語及句型，動(dòng)詞與副詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語。考點(diǎn)知識(shí)精講形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)一 形容詞1形容詞用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。You must keep your eyes closed_when you d

2、o eye exercise.(賓補(bǔ))There are many _colourful_coral reefs under the sea.(定語)Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表語)2形容詞作定語時(shí)，一般要放在被修飾的名詞前，不定代詞或副詞后。但enough既可放在被修飾的名詞前，也可放在被修飾的名詞后。The boy is old_enough to go to school.He has something_interesting to tell his mother.3基數(shù)詞可與名詞(用連字符相連)構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容

3、詞，用作定語。這時(shí)名詞總用單數(shù)，而且這個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞總是放在被修飾的名詞前，常表示時(shí)間、度量等。如：a 5yearold girl4有些形容詞只能用作表語，不能作定語。這類形容詞主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。5有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。如：friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。6以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人。如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感興趣的)等。7 “the形容詞”表示一類人或物。如：the poor等。8一些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式

4、。beto d9常見形容詞的近義詞歸類。largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive，brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely10常見形容詞的反義詞歸類。badgood，bigsmall，largesmall，blackwhite，busyfree，coldhot，coolwarm，deadliving/alive，drywet，emptyfull，fastslow，highlow，illwell，li

5、ttlemuch，openclosed，samedifferent，safedangerous，southernnorthern，lessmore，leastmost，worsebetter，worstbest，cheapdear/expensive，easyhard/difficult，possibleimpossible，happyunhappy/sad，earlylate新的newyoung年輕的 容易的easysoft軟的健康的wellgood好了 錯(cuò)的wrongleft左邊的長的longtall高的 胖的fatthick厚的重的heavydark黑暗的、深色的11. 形容詞比較等級(jí)的

6、構(gòu)成：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) （1）規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般直接加er,estnew tallnewer tallernewest tallest不梵音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加r,stlate fine later finerlatest finest輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y變i，再加er, esteasy happyeasier happiereasiest happiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)福音字母時(shí)，雙鞋最后的輔音字母，再加er,estthin hot thinner hotterthinnest hottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加more,mo

7、stpopularimportantmore popularmore importantmost popularmost important（2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther（較遠(yuǎn)） further（進(jìn)一步）farthest(最遠(yuǎn)) furthest(最大程度）oldolder elder（較年長的）oldest eldest（最年長的）12.形容詞原級(jí)用法(1)說明人或事物自身的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)。The pictures on

8、 the wall are nice. (2)有表示絕對(duì)概念的副詞very，so，too，enough，quite等修飾時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)。The man is very tall. (3)表示A與B在某一方面程度相同或不同時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)。肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A.as形容詞原級(jí)asB”English is as important as Chinese.否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A.notas/so形容詞原級(jí)asB”I am not so fast as lucy.我沒有露西快。表示“A是B的倍”時(shí)，用“A.倍數(shù)as形容詞原級(jí)asB”結(jié)構(gòu)。(兩倍：t wice；三倍以上：數(shù)字times)Our school

9、 is three times as big as his.This table is twice as long as that one.“half as形容詞原級(jí)as”表示“是的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sisters.13形容詞比較級(jí)用法(1)表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級(jí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A.比較級(jí)thanB”。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.(2)有表示程度的副詞a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，fa

10、r，rather，any等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. (3)表示兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇“哪一個(gè)更”時(shí)，用句型“Which/Who is形容詞比較級(jí)，A or B？”表示。Which book is newer，this one or that one?(4)表示“幾倍于”時(shí)，用“倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than”表示。He is two years younger than you. (5)表示“兩者之間最一個(gè)(of the two)”時(shí)，常用“the比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Tom is the taller of the t

11、wo boys.(6)表示“越來越”，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“more and more形容詞原級(jí)”。Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.(7)表示“越就越”時(shí)，用“the 比較級(jí)，the另一比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。The_more we get together, the_happier well be.14形容詞最高級(jí)用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the，句末

12、常跟一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。He is the youngest in our class.Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls.(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用“Which/Who isthe最高級(jí)，A，B or C？”結(jié)構(gòu)。Who is the oldest，Mary，Nancy or Lily?(3)表示“最的之一”時(shí)用“one of the形容詞最高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.(4)形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以加序數(shù)

13、詞，表示“第幾最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(5)形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以用物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，但此時(shí)不能再用定冠詞the。Tomorrow will be my busiest day.(6)形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.Li Lei is taller_ than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的學(xué)生都高。Li Lei is taller_than th

14、e other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的學(xué)生都高。Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。特別注意： (1)ing形容詞與ed形容詞ing形容詞表示“令人的”，表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾或說明事物。如：surprising“令人驚訝的”，exciting“令人興奮的”，interesting“有趣的”等。ed形容詞表示“感到的”，表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語一般是人，常用于“sb.beed形容詞介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：surprised“感到驚訝的”，exc

15、ited“感到興奮的”，interested“感興趣的”等。如：We are all excited about the exciting news.(2)形容詞最高級(jí)前不加the的情況。如果形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格，則不必加the。如：Monday is my busiest day. (3)在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，必須把主體排除在被比較的范圍之外。如：China is larger than any_other country in Asia.(在同一范圍內(nèi)，只能和其他對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較)。如：China is larger than any country in Africa

16、.(在不同范圍內(nèi)，可以和其中任意一個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較)?？键c(diǎn)二 副詞1副詞用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，在句中可以作狀語或表語，賓語補(bǔ)足語。Please dont leave the room when I am away.The radio says the clouds will lift quite_quickly.注：可以用作表語的副詞有：in，out，on，off，up，down，over，around。2副詞的分類副詞一般分為以下幾類：(1)時(shí)間副詞。如：now，often，usually，always，early，then，soon，before，ago等。(2)地點(diǎn)副詞。如

17、：here，there，out，above，below，outside，up，down，downstairs 等。(3)方式副詞。如：hard，well，badly，fast，slowly，quietly等。(4)程度副詞。如：very，much，still，almost，quite，so，too等。(5)疑問副詞。如：how，when，why，where等(用于特殊疑問句句首)。(6)關(guān)系副詞。如：when，where，why (放在引導(dǎo)的定語從句句首)。(7)連接副詞。如how，where，why，whether等(放在名詞性從句句首，主要是賓語從句)。3副詞的位置(1)頻度副詞，如alw

18、ays，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在動(dòng)詞之前。但在句子里如果有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則要放在它們之后。如果有系動(dòng)詞be，也要放在系動(dòng)詞之后。He usually has lunch in the factory.The boy is often late for class.(2)enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的詞之前；作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在所修飾的詞之后。I have enough money to buy the book.Hes tall enough to get the book down.(3)時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的位置一般放在句尾。

19、如果這兩種副詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，則把地點(diǎn)副詞放在時(shí)間副詞的前面，也可把時(shí)間副詞放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.Yesterday they went swimming in the river.(4)方式副詞修飾不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)放在被修飾詞之后，修飾及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞之前或賓語之后，如果賓語較長，也可把副詞放在動(dòng)詞和賓語之間。Mr father works hard. Tom speaks Chinese very well.Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.

20、(5)“及物動(dòng)詞副詞”組成的動(dòng)詞詞組有名詞作賓語時(shí)，該名詞放在副詞前或后均可，如是代詞作賓語，則必須將該詞放在副詞前。Can I try on the shoes，please? Dont cut it down! (6)程度副詞一般放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞前面，放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后。Im very sad to hear that.(7)副詞常與動(dòng)詞搭配成動(dòng)詞短語。及物動(dòng)詞短語take away 拿走 put away把收起來，放好 send away派遣，解雇move away搬開take down拿下，取下write down記下，寫下 put down 放下 look up查閱se

21、nd up發(fā)射 put up舉起，掛起 dress up(給)穿上盛裝，(給)喬裝打扮ring up(給)打電話 pull up.(from)(從)拉上來 give up放棄find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明(真相) wear out穿破，用壞sell out售完，賣光try out試用，實(shí)驗(yàn) take out 取出put on 穿上(衣服等)，上演try on試穿(衣、帽等)hold on(電話用語)不掛斷 turn on打開，旋開(電燈、無線電等開關(guān))pass on傳遞 turn off關(guān)掉，關(guān)上(開關(guān)) take off脫下(衣服等)give back還回get back取回，要回look ov

22、er 查看，檢查 look around環(huán)顧，尋找以上這些動(dòng)詞短語可以帶賓語，當(dāng)賓語為代詞時(shí)，常放在中間。不及物動(dòng)詞短語come back回來come around過來(8)某些副詞為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句的銜接，放在句前。Suddenly he had a good idea.4副詞比較等級(jí)用法(1)副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的變法和形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變法基本相同。請(qǐng)參見形容詞比較等級(jí)用法。(2)在兩者進(jìn)行比較“表示A不如B”時(shí)，部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)副詞除使用“not.as/so副詞原級(jí)as”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可使用“l(fā)ess副詞原級(jí)than”結(jié)構(gòu)。Bill didnt do his homework as_ca

23、refully_as Jim.Bill did his homework less_carefully_than Jim.(3)副詞最高級(jí)前一般不加定冠詞the。Lin Tao did best in English of all. (4)不規(guī)則變化表原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfartherfurtherfurthest5.幾個(gè)常用副詞的用法區(qū)別(1)how long/how soon/how often/how farhow long “多久，多長時(shí)間”，是對(duì)一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)

24、間段提問，常用“for時(shí)間段”和“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答。how soon “多快，多久以后”，是對(duì)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞提問，用于一般將來時(shí)句子中，常用“in時(shí)間段”回答。how often “多長時(shí)間一次”，對(duì)頻度提問，常用“once，twice，three times a week”等回答。how far “多遠(yuǎn)”，對(duì)距離提問。(2)hard/hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地”，“劇烈地，猛烈地”是程度副詞。hardly “幾乎不”，是否定副詞。I can hardly_ see the words on the blackboard.Please pass me my glasses，L

25、inda. We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese.(3)much too/too muchmuch too“非常，極其，太”，much和too都是副詞，much修飾too以加強(qiáng)語氣，中心詞是too，much too修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。too much“太多”，中心詞是much，too修飾much以加強(qiáng)語氣，too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。與too many相對(duì)，但too many修飾可數(shù)名詞。Dont eat any more，you have eaten too_much.You will become _much_too fat some d

26、ay.(4)too/also/eithertoo 一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。also常放在be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。either用于否定句，常放在句尾。You are a student. I am a student, too.They are also students.You dont know the matter.I dont know, either.(5)too/enough/sotoo “太，很”，用于“too.to.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定意義“太而不能”。enough “足夠”，用于“形容詞/副詞原級(jí)enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“足夠能”。so “如此”，用于“s

27、o.that.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“如此以至于”。Im too tired to go on the work.The girl is old enough to go to school.The lake is so deep that nobody dare to swim in it.(6)already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑問句句尾。I have already_ finished my homework.Have you finished your homework yet?I havent had lunch yet.中考典例精析(2010安徽)It s

28、eems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right. Thats what she likes to do _.Amore Bless Cmost DleastPeter looks sporty.Yes. He is the _ runner in my class. Aslower Bslowest Cfaster Dfastest(2010宜賓)Would you like some coffee?No, thanks. I _ drink coffee. Coffee is bad for my s

29、tomach.Aalmost Balready Chardly DstillI can_ be a nurse.Im not a very patient person.Aseldom Bever Cnever DalwaysRemember, boys. _ you stand, _ you will see.AThe higher; the farther BHigher; farther CThe highest; the farthest DHigh; far (2010寧夏)She is very good at painting. She can paint _ her teach

30、er. Aas better as Bas well asCas good as Dso well asWhy dont you like winter in Beijing?Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou.Aas cold as Bmuch colder than Cnot so cold as Dnot colder than(2010寧夏)Can I help you?Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.Aso BmuchCvery DtooT

31、his is _ difficult problem that few students can work it out.Aso Bso a Csuch Dsuch a 1(2010安徽)It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures. Right. Thats what she likes to do _. Amore Bless Cmost Dleast2(2010咸寧)Health is money. But I think it is _ money. Aas important as Bmore

32、important than Cso important than Dthe same as3(2010河北)Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time. Afast Bfaster Cslow Dslower4(2010晉江)Dont worry. My mother will look after your baby_. Thanks a lot. Acareful enough Benough careful Ccarefully enough5(2010安徽)Did you find the

33、 small village yesterday? Yes, without any difficulty, for it has _ changed over years. Ahardly Bgreatly Cclearly Dnearly6(2010銅仁)Study hard! _ you study, _ results youll get. AHarder; better BThe harder; better CThe harder; the better DHarder; the better7(2010蘇州)Julia is very clever.In fact，I doubt

34、 whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest8(2010蘭州)Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike? Id like to go_. Anowhere interesting Binteresting anywhere Csomewhere interesting Dinteresting somewhere9(2010廣州)Why dont you like winter in Beijing? Bec

35、ause it is_ winter in Guangzhou. Aas cold as Bmuch colder than Cnot so cold as Dnot colder than10 (2010宜昌)How can I get along well with others, father? Try to smile to others, boy. That will make _ much _. Athem; easier Bthem; more easy Cit; easy Dit; easier11(2010寧夏)Can I help you? Well, Im afraid

36、the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. Aso Bmuch Cvery Dtoo12(2010桂林)What is your favorite sport? Swimming, I think. Its _ of all. Aeasier Bmore difficult Cthe most interesting Dthe most boring13(2010泰安)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa? The programs o

37、n Channel 10 are _ better. Amore much Bmuch more Cmore Dmuch14(2010龍巖)The modern Olympics started in Athens, Greece. Its motto is “ _.” AFast; high; strong BFaster; higher; stronger CFastest; highest; strongest15(2010湖州)Im not sure what to get mom for her birthday. Oh, Ive no idea, _. Atoo Bneither

38、Ceither Dalso16They clapped and shouted _ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground. Ahardly Bquietly Cexcitedly Dangrily17(2010襄樊)_ do you study for a test? I study by working with a group. AWhere BHow CWhen DWhy18(2009中考變式題)What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think

39、its _， but someone thinks its much too _. Awonderful enough; bored Benough wonderful; boring Cwonderful enough; boring Denough wonderful; bored19(2009中考變式題)Tianan men Square is one of _ squares in the world. Alarge Blarger Clargest Dthe largest20(2009中考變式題)Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been he

40、re _ than you. Along Blonger Clongest Dthe longest21(2009中考變式題)_ will you have the meeting? Tomorrow morning. AWhat BWhy CWhen DWhere22(2009中考變式題)How _ the medicine tastes! Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it. Aterrible Bdelicious Csweet Dnice23(2009中考變式題)Were you often lat

41、e for school last term, Tom? No, _. I got to school early every day. Aalways Busually Csometimes Dnever24(2009中考變式題)What do you think of the cake? I like it very much. It tastes _. Agood Bterrible Cwell25(2009中考變式題)How about the dishes? Fantastic! Nothing tastes _. Anice Bbetter Cterrible Dworse26 (

42、2009中考變式題)I didnt know you take a bus to school. Oh. I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today. Ahardly Bnever Csometimes Dusually27(2009中考變式題)China is one of _ countries in the world. Aold Bthe older Coldest Dthe oldest28(2009中考變式題)I havent seen Grace for a long time. I havent seen her, _. Aother Bto

43、o Ceither Dinstead29(2009中考變式題)_ we plant, _ our city will be. AThe more trees; the beautiful BThe less trees; the more beautiful CThe more trees; the more beautiful DThe less trees; the beautiful30(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Have you _ read the poem If? Yes. I really enjoy it. Astill Bever Cyet Dnever31(2011中考The w

44、orld is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _. Aless Bmore Ccloser Dfarther 32(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)_ will it take you from your school to the library? About half an hour. So Ill be there by 9 oclock. AHow far BHow soon CHow long DHow many33(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Oh, Im hungry. Can I have the hamburg

45、er on the plate? No. It tastes _. Aterribly Bterrible Cgood Dwell34(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)What do you think of your English teacher? I love her. She is really _. She always has a smile on her face. Ahumorous Bfunny Cfriendly Dserious35(2011中考)Tim, do you think time is money? Yes, but I think it is _ money.Amore

46、 important than Bvery important as Cthe same as Dnot important as36(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)_ do you spend on your homework every day? AHow often BHow long CHow many DHow much38(2011)Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it. Avery good Bmuch better Crather bad Deven worse

47、39(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Hi, Kate. You are riding a bike today. Yes. Driving a car to school every day makes me much _. Afat Bfatter Cthin Dthinner 40(2011中考預(yù)測(cè)題)Papermaking is _ of ancient China. Aone of greatest inventor Bone of the greatest inventors Cone of greatest invention Done of the greatest inventions1

48、(2010晉江)The cake is too expensive. Would you like to show me a _ one?Sure. Here you are.Acheap Bcheaper Ccheapest2(2010蘇州)I can _ be a nurse.Im not a very patient person.Aseldom Bever Cnever Dalways4(2010蘭州)Many Chinese students think science subjects are _ foreign languages.Amore difficult as Bless

49、 difficult than Cmuch difficult than Dso difficult as5(2010寧廈)She is very good at painting. She can paint _ her teacher.Aas better as Bas well as Cas good as Dso well as6Mr White said that he had _ visited the Great Wall before. Its his first time to come to China.Aever Bnever Conce7(2010)It is _ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly.Ahelpful Bmore helpful Cthe most helpful9(2010重慶) I dont have enough money. This watch is too expensive.Look, there are some more over there. Theyre _ and nice.Abi