非謂語動詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、.非謂語動詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換-一.不定式（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1.不定式（短語）在句中作主語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句，因此二者之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That Im able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to

2、 attack North Korea.)2.不定式（短語）在句中作賓語或賓補(bǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1).We still dont know when and where to build a school.(賓語)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(賓補(bǔ))(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(賓語)(=That he had

3、nt invited her.)3不定式（短語）在句中作表語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.不定式（短語）在句中作定語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句(1).The question will be discussed at the

4、 conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)？5.不定式（短語）在句中作目的結(jié)果狀語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)目的結(jié)果狀語從句().He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say

5、 a word.(=so excited that she couldnt)7.不定式（短語）在句中作原因狀語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句()I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)二動名詞（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1. 動名詞（短語）在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句().Your going a

6、way (=That you went away) made the professor angry. (2).Marys not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被動的動名詞在句中作主語時(shí)一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2. 動名詞（短語）在句中作賓語或賓補(bǔ)語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was tak

7、en to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3. 動名詞（短語）在句中作表語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul (that Ill serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for th

8、e exam(=that he hasnt prepared his lessons for the exam)(3).The difficulty is Marys being caught between the two trees(=that Mary is caught between the two trees).4. 介詞動名詞（短語），相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句(賓語從句或同位語從句.0(1）He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.

9、(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)三分詞（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1.分詞（短語）作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句(1）The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us t

10、he other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.本節(jié)值得注意的問題：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，所表示的動作不能先于謂語所表示的動作，也不可以表示將來。另外，一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語，所以，下列句子都是錯(cuò)的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (應(yīng)改為who has come from Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (應(yīng)改為who have finished) The man giving

11、us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (應(yīng)改為who gave us)2.分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，其中伴隨狀語多與并列句轉(zhuǎn)換(1）Weather permitting(=If weather permits), well have the match tomorrow.(2).The dark clouds having disappeared(=When the dark clouds had disappeared), the sun shone again.(3).The monitor being ill

12、(=As the monitor was ill) wed better put the meting off.(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), Id buy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=and his hands were tied to his back).3

13、.分詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句(1）On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, Ill telephone you.（時(shí)間）(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her（時(shí)間）(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.（原因）(4).Not having received(=Because I hadnt received an answer,

14、I wrote to him again.（原因）(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.（條件）(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didnt pride.(讓步)分詞短語作狀語，可表伴隨，結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于and 的并列句，也可和 with 轉(zhuǎn)換(1）He died, leaving his daughter much money. () (=with),(=and left)(

15、2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students. (=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5.分詞短語在句中作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1）He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosio

16、n.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)四特殊轉(zhuǎn)換1. 動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于從句(1）Sophias having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didnt surprised us.(2).I cant bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to